RU2427121C2 - Soil tilling equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: equipment includes frame with suspension device and support wheels with adjustment mechanism of plowing depth. Crankshaft, piston-rod with rotating blades, angle gear and rolling crushing device are installed on the frame. Rotating blades are installed with possibility of penetration into the soil downwards at an angle of 70-75 degrees and equipped with guide, pivoted, sliding and support couplings in order to create the support for bed rising. Crankshaft is equipped with main journal and bearing journal, which are installed by means of threaded connections on levers. One end of piston-rod is fixed through bearing to bearing journal of crankshaft, and rotating blade is attached to the other end. Rotating blades can be replaced.

EFFECT: design will allow improving soil tilling quality owing to soil loosening at the specified depth with uniform crushing.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to tillage units, and can be used for loosening the soil to a predetermined depth for air access, uniform grinding of the soil, the destruction of weeds and the creation of conditions for the development of beneficial bacteria.

State of the art

Known cultivator containing a frame with mounted sections on it, each of which is formed by sequentially arranged working bodies, the axes of which are mounted for rotation on an H-shaped frame, the transverse beam of which is connected by a hinge, the axis of which is oriented in a longitudinally vertical plane, with a leash bracket pivotally connected by an axis to the frame, with each section of the working bodies formed by a smooth cylindrical roller and a knife drum, the last of which is equipped with replaceable s made of structural L-shaped profiles with one-sided blades at the edges with a grinding angles less than 25 (see. US Pat. RU №2141182, IPC A01V 29/04, publ. 20.11.1999 g)

The disadvantage of this cultivator is the uneven depth and poor quality of the treatment of the upper soil layer in the rows of cultivated crops.

Known combined tillage unit, including a frame with support wheels, adjustment mechanisms and sequentially located disk batteries, plano cutting working bodies and a roller, while a drum is mounted on the frame behind the plane cutting working bodies, the blades of which are arranged radially and provided with sharpening, and the roller is connected to the frame articulated with the help of spring-loaded racks and made of tooth, while its disks are equipped with rods with knife-shaped teeth, the latter of which are installed at right angles to each other a friend (see US Pat. RF No. 2123776, class AB01B 49/02, publ. 12/27/1998).

The disadvantage of this unit is the uneven depth of cultivation of the upper soil layer in the rows of cultivated crops, as well as the fact that it does not provide the necessary soil preparation for sowing winter crops.

A combined soil cultivating unit is known, including a frame with lancet paws and roller batteries fixed to it, while on the frame behind the first row of paws, rotating working bodies with soil tillage devices and their own mechanism for adjusting the working depth, which are kinematically by means of cardans and a step-up gearbox, are mounted associated with rollers (see US Pat. RF No. 2352091, class AB01 49/02, AB 35/00, publ. 04/20/2009).

The disadvantage of this unit is the uneven depth and poor quality of the treatment of the upper soil layer.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved positive effect and accepted by the authors for the prototype is a tillage unit containing a frame with support wheels with a mechanism for adjusting the depth of plowing, while the crankshaft, a connecting rod with rotor blades, an angular gearbox, a roller chopper, an attachment are mounted on the frame (see Karpenko A.N. et al. Agricultural Machines. - M.: Agropromizdat, 1989, p. 75).

The disadvantage of this unit is poor-quality tillage, namely, loosening and crumbling.

Disclosure of invention

The task of the invention is to develop a tillage unit with high quality tillage, namely: a given depth of tillage of the top layer of the soil, uniform grinding of the soil.

The technical result, which can be obtained using the present invention, is reduced to high quality soil cultivation: a given depth of processing of the upper soil layer and uniform grinding.

The technical result is achieved using a tillage unit containing a frame with support wheels with a mechanism for adjusting the depth of plowing, while a crankshaft, a connecting rod with working blades, an angular gearbox, a roller chopper, an attachment are installed on the frame, while the working blades are installed with the possibility of deepening into the soil from top to bottom at an angle of 70-75 degrees and equipped with guides, oscillating, sliding, thrust couplings to create an emphasis for raising the reservoir, and the crankshaft is equipped with main and tunnymi necks mounted by means of threaded connections on the arms, with one end fixed through a connecting rod bearing with a crankpin of the crankshaft, and the second end is fixed a rotor blade.

In the tillage unit, the working blades are made with the possibility of interchangeability.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 shows a tillage unit, side view.

Figure 2 is the same, top view.

Figure 3 is the same, the working blade.

The implementation of the invention

The tillage unit consists of a frame 1 made of a steel tubular profile on which a crankshaft 2 is installed, a connecting rod 3 made of a steel bar with working blades 4, which are interchangeable, each of which is equipped with a guide, a swinging, sliding, resistant coupling 5 to create an emphasis for raising the formation using a working blade 4, the latter is installed with the possibility of deepening into the soil from top to bottom at an angle of 70-75 degrees to a predetermined adjustable depth, and the coupling 5 and on the frame 1 below the crankshaft 2, the angular gearbox 6 for imparting rotation to the crankshaft 2 through a chain transmission (not shown) from the power take-off shaft (PTO) of the tractor (not shown), two support wheels 7 with a depth adjustment mechanism (not shown) soil plowing, roller 8 chopper, attachment 9 for hitching the unit onto the tractor towbar, while the crankshaft 2 has root and connecting rod journals 10, 11 made of a steel rod under ball bearings (not shown) in order to reduce friction and provide lubrication, which makes it durable spacing of parts of the crankshaft 2 and the unit itself, and levers 12 made of steel plates, which are equipped with holes for welding and threaded connections of the main and connecting rod journals 10, 11, which makes it possible to quickly disassemble and assemble the crankshaft 2 for installing and changing ball bearings wherein one end of the connecting rod 3 is fixed through a bearing with a connecting rod neck 11 of the crankshaft 2, a removable working blade 4 is fixed to the second end, moreover, at the point of contact with the guide, the sliding sliding thrust sleeve 5 connecting rod 3 is thin and the working blade 4 is made of sheet steel up to 6 mm thick, and its lower edge is sharpened and hardened, attached to the lower part of the connecting rod 3 by means of a threaded connection, the shape of the working blade 4 is either round or triangular as a cultivator for a more efficient cutting of crop residues and rods, and the guide, swinging, sliding, thrust clutch 5 is made of thick-walled steel pipe, the inner hole of which corresponds to the diameter of the connecting rod 3, which is worn on the connecting rod 3 and fastened to the unit frame 1 by type crosses, the grease of this assembly is carried out by the stuffing box type with a removable sleeve (not shown).

Tillage unit is operated as follows. Before starting work, the tillage unit using an attachment 9 is hung on the towbar of the tractor, the required depth of tillage is set using the adjustment mechanism on the support wheels 7, then

the tillage implement is put into transport position and left in the field, in the field the implement is put into working position, connected to the power take-off shaft (PTO) through an angular gearbox 6, which transmits rotation and power of the tractor to the crankshaft through a gear chain transmission (not shown) , then the connecting rod 3 with the working blades 4, each of which is equipped with a guide, swinging, sliding, thrust clutch 5 to create an emphasis for lifting the formation using the working blades 4 and install the latter with the possibility of deepening sinking into the soil from top to bottom at an angle of 70-75 degrees to a predetermined adjustable depth, by means of the pressure of the lever (not shown) of the crankshaft 2 on the connecting rod 3 and the working blade 4, while the working blade 4 is buried in the soil with little effort, since the resistance area the working blade 4 is small, then the formation is chipped from the bottom up and back with the help of a guide swinging, sliding, thrust clutch 5, acting as a lever stop. Soil loosening occurs without overturning the formation, while the working blades 4 cut and tear off the vegetable roots, thereby achieving the goal of plowing, the soil is thrown back along the tractor, then it is leveled and rolled by the roller 8 with a grinder, and the work efficiency is achieved by the frequency of penetration of the working blades into the soil 4, the PTO energy costs from the tractor, affecting the rotational speed of the crankshaft 2, which serves as the pressure mechanism of the crankshaft lever 2 on the working blade 4, lifting and loosening soils, as well as the speed of the tractor, so when the speed of the tractor, for example MT3-82, is 4.5 km / h or 75 m / min, the capture of the working blade 4 for one revolution is 15 cm, for one revolution of the crankshaft 2 3- x meter unit, consisting of 15 working blades 4 with a width of 20 cm, loosens 0.45 sq. m of soil to a depth of 25 cm. When rotating the crankshaft 2 units 500 rpm, which corresponds to the first speed of rotation of the tractor power take-off shaft, 1 minute loosening 0.45 sq.m × 500 grabs = 225 sq.m, and for 1 hour loosening 225 sq.m × 60 min = 13500 sq. m or 1.35 ha, with a rotation of the crankshaft 2 of the unit 1000 rpm, which corresponds to the second speed of rotation of the tractor power take-off shaft, and an increase in the speed of the tractor by 2 times, you can double the productivity of the unit.

Thus, the capture of soil per revolution of the crankshaft 2 of the unit depends on the speed of rotation of the power take-off shaft through the angular gear 6 and the speed of the tractor.

The invention in comparison with the prototype and other known technical solutions has the following advantages:

- higher quality soil treatment;

- uniform depth of tillage;

- use in all climatic zones, except for the zone of mountain farming;

- the exclusion of overhanging weeds;

- improving the quality of crumbling soil in the upper layer.

Claims (2)

1. Tillage unit containing a frame with support wheels with a mechanism for adjusting the depth of plowing, while the crankshaft, a connecting rod with rotor blades, an angular gearbox, a roller chopper, and an attachment are installed on the frame, characterized in that the rotor blades are installed with the possibility of deepening into the soil from top to bottom at an angle of 70-75 ° and equipped with guides, oscillating, sliding, thrust couplings to create an emphasis for raising the reservoir, and the crankshaft is equipped with root and connecting rod necks installed with the help of thread connections on the arms, with one end fixed through a connecting rod bearing with a crankpin of the crankshaft, and the second end is fixed a rotor blade. 2. Tillage machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the working blades are made replaceable.

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