RU2423869C1 - Feed supplement for farm animals and birds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to veterinary science and zootechny and may be used as a feed supplement for animal ration. The feed supplement based on feed chalk with addition of a phosphorus-containing component additionally contains trivite and zeolite containing rock. The phosphorus-containing component is represented by phosphogypsum. The components are taken at the following ratio, wt %: feed chalk - 75%; zeolite containing rock - 10%; phosphogypsum - 10%; trivite - 5%.

EFFECT: invention allows to enhance average daily animal body weight gain due to early stabilisation of blood biomedical indices and to increase egg production due to reduction of the period of free blood calcium recovery.

9 tbl

Description

The invention relates to veterinary medicine and livestock and can be used in the diet of animals to increase productivity and prevent demineralization of bone tissue.

Economic damage in poultry and livestock breeding occurs due to death, growth retardation, partial or complete loss of productivity, treatment and prophylactic measures, weakening of resistance and increasing susceptibility to immunodeficiencies and other diseases, financial losses that appear when combating such phenomena (Argunov M. N., Buzlama BC Veterinary toxicology with the basics of ecology / MN Argunov. - M.: Kolos, 2005. - 486 p.

Among non-communicable diseases, a significant specific weight is made by disturbances in mineral metabolism, in particular hypocalcemia, moreover, at different age stages. A balanced calcium-phosphorus ratio (1.5-2: 1) is important. Dawson R. Handbook of biochemist. / R. Dawson. - M.: “World”, 1991. S. 47-48.

The priority source of calcium, phosphorus and vitamins for farm animals and poultry is feed, water plays a less significant role. Moreover, their content in the feed is subject to significant fluctuations and varies depending on the growth zone, plant species, variety, vegetation, soil, growing conditions, and even on the time of year.

It is known to use fodder chalk and calcium phosphate at a 2: 1 content as a feed additive (Samokhin V.T. Prevention of metabolic disorders in microelements in animals (2nd edition). / V.T.Samokhin. - Voronezh: Voronezh State University, 2003 .-- 136 s). This supplement due to the transition to a new cultivation technology (slaughter on 30-42 days) is ineffective for restoring natural calcium reserves in an intensively growing body. The advantages include the low cost of components.

The objective of the invention is the creation of a balanced mineral composition of a feed additive containing in easily digestible form calcium, phosphorus and sulfur, which ensure the growth and preservation of the livestock of farm animals and birds.

The technical result is an increase in the increase in average daily weight due to earlier stabilization of blood biochemical parameters. An increase in egg production due to an earlier restoration of free blood calcium.

The technical result is achieved in that the feed additive based on feed chalk with the addition of a phosphorus-containing component additionally contains trivit and zeolite-containing rock (CSP), and phosphogypsum is used as the phosphorus-containing component in the following ratio, wt.%:

DSP - 10%

phosphogypsum - 10%

trivit - 5%

feed chalk - 75%.

Zeolite-containing rock (CSP) is a chemically inert dry chemical-free, uniform, finely dispersed, powdery material of gray-yellow color without taste and odor, it is insoluble in water, with a particle size of 5 to 200 microns. According to the mineralogical composition, DSPs consist of montmorillonite (30-70%), hydromica (12.5-40%), kaolinite (20-70% of the total clay components). Non-clay minerals are represented by quartz, cristobalite, zeolite is present in some samples (up to 20%).

Zeolite has a pronounced detoxifying effect due to the high adsorbing ability of its surface.

The following vitamins are part of trivit:

Vitamin A (retinol). It is a growth vitamin and performs important functions in the body, participates in the processes of keratinization and keratization of the epithelium. The source of vitamin A for farm animals is carotene, which breaks down in the digestive system to form retinol.

Vitamin D ₃ - Cholecalciferol. Participates in the regulation of mineral metabolism, promotes the absorption of calcium salts from the gastrointestinal tract, under its influence, the phosphorus content in the cartilage increases, as well as phosphorus resorption by the renal tubules and calcification of bone tissue.

Vitamin E - Tocopherol. It takes an active part in redox processes, in protein, carbohydrate and fat metabolism, and is a natural antioxidant. It is found in green fodder, grass meal, germ of cereal plants, in vegetable oils.

Phosphogypsum is a by-product of the production of phosphoric acid and other phosphoric fertilizers using the "wet" technology. The composition of phosphogypsum includes such micro and macro elements as sulfur, calcium, magnesium, fluorine, phosphorus, silicon, etc., involved in the metabolism of the body, which are part of a number of enzymes. It has a detoxifying effect.

The use of feed additives in the diet of farm animals was tested on experimental groups of calves and birds in the experiments described below.

The following components were used to prepare the feed additive: zeolite-bearing rock (TsSP) of the Terbunskoye deposit of the Lipetsk region (TU-9280-001-00529901-01), phosphogypsum (TU 113-08-418-94), fodder chalk from Olshansky raw materials (TU 5743- 004-29832135-04) and Rozhdestvensky quarries (TU 5743-004-21472996-04) of the Lipetsk region.

All components of the feed additive were additionally crushed (grain size should not exceed 2.5 ± 0.5 mm) and mixed. Then the product was dried at a temperature of 40-45 ° C with obligatory convection and stirring to a total humidity of not more than 10-12%.

Three types of feed additives with different quantitative components were used in the experiments. Option 1) DSP - 20%, phosphogypsum - 20%, trivit - 5%, fodder chalk - 55%; option 2) DSP - 40%, phosphogypsum - 40%, trivit - 5%, fodder chalk - 15%; option 3) DSP - 10%, phosphogypsum - 10%, trivit - 5%, fodder chalk - 75%.

For the study, 6 groups of calves were collected, 5 animals in each and 12 groups of birds (broiler chickens of groups 1–6 and laying hens of groups 7–12), 10 animals in each, with metabolic disorders of different etiologies and, as a result low productivity.

The results of a clinical trial of the effectiveness of a feed additive to increase productivity and prevent bone demineralization in the studied animals with different ratios of components of the product compared to feed chalk and calcium phosphate are presented in tables (1-6).

The first part of the experiment was aimed at establishing a time frame for stabilizing blood biochemical parameters for calcium, phosphorus and their ratio: group 1 calves received a feed supplement containing (CSP - 20%, phosphogypsum - 20%, trivit - 5%, feed chalk - the rest) Group 2 received feed chalk and calcium phosphate. Birds of groups 1 and 2 received similar means. The research results are shown in table 1.

Table 1 Group number The composition of the feed additive Terms of stabilization of biochemical blood parameters, days bird cr horn. cattle one Feed additive (CSP - 20%, phosphogypsum - 20%, trivit - 5%, feed chalk - 55%) 19 25 2 Prototype 26 ineffective

Group 3 calves received a feed supplement containing (TsSP - 40%, phosphogypsum - 40%, trivit - 5%, feed chalk - 15%), group 4 received feed chalk and calcium phosphate. Birds of groups 3 and 4 received similar means. The research results are shown in table 2.

table 2 Group number The composition of the feed additive Terms of stabilization of biochemical blood parameters, days bird cr horn. cattle 3 Feed additive (TsSP - 40%, phosphogypsum - 40%, trivit - 5%, feed chalk - 15%) 21 24 four Prototype 26 ineffective

Group 5 calves received a feed supplement containing (DSP - 10%, phosphogypsum - 10%, trivit - 5%, feed chalk - 75%), group 6 received feed chalk and calcium phosphate. Birds of groups 5 and 6 received similar means. The research results are shown in table 3.

Table 3 Group number The composition of the feed additive Terms of stabilization of biochemical blood parameters, days bird cr horn. cattle 5 Feed additive (DSP - 10%, phosphogypsum - 10%, trivit - 5%, feed chalk - 75%) 17 26 6 Prototype 26 ineffective

The second part of the experiment was aimed at studying the level of free calcium in the blood of laying hens. Birds of group 7 received a feed supplement containing (CSP - 20%, phosphogypsum - 20%, trivit - 5%, feed chalk - 55%), group 8 received feed chalk and calcium phosphate. The research results are shown in table 4.

Table 4 Group number The composition of the feed additive The amount of free calcium in the blood, ml Study day one 7 fourteen 21 7 Feed additive (CSP - 20%, phosphogypsum - 20%, trivit - 5%, feed chalk - 55%) 45 66 81 102 8 Prototype 45 54 66 79

Group 9 birds received a feed supplement containing (TsSP - 40%, phosphogypsum - 40%, trivit - 5%, feed chalk - 55%), group 10 received feed chalk and calcium phosphate. The research results are shown in table 5.

Table 5 Group number The composition of the feed additive The amount of free calcium in the blood, ml Study day one 7 fourteen 21 9 Feed additive (TsSP - 40%, phosphogypsum - 40%, trivit - 5%, feed chalk - 55%) 45 59 72 86 10 Prototype 45 54 66 79

Birds of group 11 received a feed supplement containing (TsSP - 40%, phosphogypsum - 10%, trivit - 5%, feed chalk - 75%), group 12 received feed chalk and calcium phosphate. The research results are shown in table 6.

Table 6 Group number The composition of the feed additive The amount of free calcium in the blood, ml Study day one 7 fourteen 21 eleven Feed additive (DSP - 10%, phosphogypsum - 10%, trivit - 5%, feed chalk - 75%) 45 72 112 127 12 Prototype 45 54 66 79

In the tables, the stabilization periods of biochemical parameters were averaged over the groups; calves and broilers were used in the experiments to establish the optimal ratio of the components of the product for the stabilization periods of blood biochemical parameters.

In order to determine the effectiveness of the use of “Melar”, the following experiment was carried out: the first group of chickens (experimental) - 150 goals to the main diet (OR) was injected with the preparation “Melar” daily at a dose of 0.5 g / kg body weight for 37 days (up to end of feeding), the second group (control) was on OR and did not receive additives. Throughout the entire period of the experiment, bird observation was carried out, and feed eatability, clinical status, morbidity and mortality were recorded.

As can be seen from the table, the introduction of the drug "Melar" in the diet has a positive effect on the growth rate of chickens. So, with the same starting positions at the end of the feeding, the body weight of the poultry of the experimental group exceeded 140 g or 9%, and the average daily gain was 5.4 g, the gross increase was 74.7 g, and it should be noted that the safety of the livestock was 3.7% higher in these chickens.

Blood sampling was performed twice in both groups (on the 7th and 37th day of life) in order to determine blood biochemical parameters

Blood for biochemistry from chickens was taken twice on the 7th and 39th day of life. The data were averaged, in each group there were 50 goals collected on the basis of paired analogues.

The table shows that the biochemical parameters are optimal in the group of broiler chickens that were given the feed additive "Melar", which is quite reasonable and consistent with the clinical and productive results of the experiment: the levels of calcium and phosphorus are more optimal in the chickens of the experimental group, in them there is an increase in total protein by 27.3%, albumin by 16.5% and globulin by 13.6%, while reducing lead by 24.4% and cadmium by 28.7%.

The feed additive "Melar" acts in a complex way - on the one hand, it restores the phosphorus-calcium ratio in the body, which prevents the demineralization of bone tissue and prevents the development of fractures of the limbs; on the other hand, the abundance of adsorbing elements allows to remove toxins not only from the feed, but also from the body. This joint action increases natural resistance, which leads to the restoration of blood biochemical parameters, with the formation of albumin - proteins that can adsorb complex toxins, including heavy metals. The combination of these factors increases the average daily weight gain for any type of keeping animals and birds.

The harmlessness and environmental safety of the claimed product was studied in accordance with the requirements approved by the Veterinary Department of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation and guidelines for determining the toxic properties of drugs used in veterinary medicine, according to GOST 12.1.007 - 76, it belongs to hazard class 4 (average lethal dose of LD ₅₀ of due to low toxicity it is not possible to determine). It does not have skin-resorptive, allergenic, embryotoxic, teratogenic, cumulative properties and a sensitizing effect. The claimed tool does not cause complications and has no contraindications; slaughter for meat is carried out without restrictions associated with its use.

Claims (1)

A feed additive based on feed chalk with the addition of a phosphorus-containing component, characterized in that phosphogypsum is used as a phosphorus-containing component, additionally contains trivit and zeolite-containing rock in the following ratio, wt.%:
feed chalk 75 zeolite-bearing rock 10 phosphogypsum 10 trivit 5