RU2423044C2 - Method and system of devices to develop hillsides by growing plants in intensive mode - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to the field of agriculture and hydroponics. The method applies arrangement of terraces, including bulldoser arrangement as well. Vertical walls are reinforced with protective panels fixed by means of fastening cords that outgo from piled anchoring at higher slope horizons or on the opposite side of a slope. The terrace base is protected with decks, under which there are the support pedestals of cultivation pipes and pipelines of nutrient solution circulation system, as well as the main reservoir with a working nutrient solution in case of its underground arrangement. Lines of drain pipes that collect water in accumulator tanks are placed between fastening cords. The system comprises cultivation pipes, support pedestals, manifolds of nutrient solution circulation, arranged on terraces. The terraces on slopes are arranged with protective panels reinforced with fastening cords, between which there are lines of drain pipes that remove moisture from slope soil into an accumulator tank with its subsequent use for domestic and/or process purposes. The nutrient solution circulation system is arranged with the possibility to arrange the main reservoir with the working nutrient solution in a place, which is protected from overheating and exposure to cold - under ground, in a niche of the vertical terrace wall. A vertical stand with a nozzle to spray nutrient solution is located inside a cultivation pipe and is protected against overheating and exposure to cold. Cultivation pipes are connected by fastening links and are fixed with braces that increase the structure stability under impact of wind loads.

EFFECT: group of inventions makes it possible to grow vegetables and fruit in intensive mode on slopes.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to vegetable growing and fruit growing, and can be used for intensive industrial production of tomato, pepper, apples, pears, bush berries (for example, blackcurrant, raspberry) and other food and industrial plants on hillsides and mountains

From the history of the development of civilizations there is a known method of terracing slopes to combat erosion and to produce plant products. Terracing is common in countries with mountainous terrain (Japan, India, Sri Lanka, South Africa, Turkey, Greece, Italy, Moldova, the republics of Central Asia, and the Caucasus). Fruit crops are placed at an altitude of up to 2–3 thousand m above sea level, grapes are slightly lower, citrus crops are even lower on the slope (see Dragavtsev A.P. Mountain fruit growing, M., 1958; Fedotov V.S. Terracing of slopes under orchards and vineyards in Moldova, Kish., 1961; Dragavtsev A.P., Trusevich G.V. Southern fruit growing, M., 1970).

As a prototype, a bulldozer method of installing terraces was chosen, in which on the terraces over 6 m wide 2 rows or more of apple trees and pears were placed on trellises (supports in the form of a vertical, horizontal or other plane to which tree branches were tied (see E. V. Kolesnikov, http://bse.sci-lib.com/article110218.html).

The disadvantages of the known methods for the development of hillsides and mountains are the following points:

- rapid or relatively rapid depletion of soil for real agricultural production; insufficient prevention of soil erosion;

- the inability to restore soil fertility in the required volume and quality;

- the inadmissibility of intensification of the production of fruits and vegetables and bringing it to the conditions possible for a given climate;

- Poor or relatively poor prevention of landslides.

The prior art also known invention of I. Antufiev. (RU 2248120 АСС 31/02, 01/17/2004; RU 2267259 A01G 31/00, 01/05/2004; RU 71507 A01G 31/00, 03/24/2006), which details the principle of hydroponic cultivation of plant products in cultivation pipes or in vertical sets of small cultivators in intensive mode.

The disadvantage of such methods and installations is the overheating of containers with nutrient solutions, either from direct sunlight on the tank, or by heat transfer from hot air.

The present invention eliminates the main dangers of intensive agricultural production on the slopes of hills and mountains when used in any (including arid) climatic zones.

The main point (or objectives) of the invention is the complete rejection of soil cultivation of agricultural products, the transition to a hydroponic cultivation method and the creation of conditions for implementing the method in a terraced slope.

The goals are achieved by arranging terraces of the required size for installing, for example, four rows of cultivation pipes placed along the length of the terrace. Moreover, the supporting pedestals of cultivation pipes containing elements for feeding and removing the nutrient solution are located under the floor made of any material (with sufficient strength) supported by transversely arranged bars, metal I-beams, bricks, etc. The floor is used for convenient movement of maintenance personnel, wheelbarrows or other vehicles, as well as to obscure the location of functional pipelines (for example, a nutrient line) and protect them from overheating during the day and overcooling at night th.

The edges of the terrace, especially the vertical edge, are protected by a base plate or shield, held by cables fixed on piles at higher horizons of the slope. In addition to the purely supporting, fixing function, the protective panel is a reflective object and evens out (increases) the illumination of plants on the shadow side. In addition, solar panels can be placed on the protective panel.

On the slope in certain places and with the necessary intervals and the necessary curvature of the trajectory, drainage pipes (removing moisture from the upper layers of the slope) are laid to a depth that is determined by the temperature and humidity conditions of soils (for example, to a depth of 100 cm). Drainage pipes collect moisture in the downstream storage tanks for further cleaning and use in the technological and / or domestic revolutions.

Cultivation pipes are made of low-heat material (for example, foam concrete with a thick wall (up to 100 mm), which protects the root zone of plants from overheating. Cultivation pipes are made with the possibility of placing several tens of bushes of tomato, pepper or several trees of fruit plants, and the thickness of the pipe choose according to the expected load, and the diameter, taking into account the placement (inside the cultivation pipe) of the riser with the nozzle at the upper end.

All cultivation pipes are connected by stabilizing bridges, and the network of stabilizing bridges is connected by braces with cables in the nodes of their connection to the protective shield of the terrace.

Plants before being placed in the hole of the cultivation pipe, enclose in a holding and sealing cassette that protects the plant from trauma and does not allow significant movement of the plant in the hole, as well as sealing all spaces of the opening of the cultivation pipe and making it impervious to dust, moisture and microorganisms of various types.

The power supply and cooling system for the plant root zone (especially necessary in hot regions) is designed as a network of pipelines, risers with nozzles and cavities in the support tables, which allow fluid to circulate through the cultivation pipes and collect it in containers located under the flooring, or underground, or in the wall of the vertical terrace (niche in the ground). This arrangement protects the containers with the nutrient solution from overheating in the sun during the day and cooling at night with sudden changes in temperature in the mountains.

The nutrient solution circulation system is made in the form of a section of uterine containers with mother solutions and the actual solution circulation system through cultivation pipes with a filtration unit for the finished working solution and a sterilization unit, as well as a supply line (supply solution) of the pipe line and solution collecting pipes located in the space of the support stands .

The motive for the movement of the solution along the grid of pipes is an electric pump of the appropriate capacity.

Energy supply of electric motors and other mechanisms and devices of the terrace is carried out by using solar panels with electric power accumulators, as well as a backup power supply system.

In fact, the system of devices for the development of mountain slopes and the cultivation of vegetables and fruits in intensive mode consists of the following components:

- terraced slope of a mountain or hill,

- fixing cables for fixing the protective panels of the vertical wall of the terraces,

- drainage system of the operated slope section with storage tanks and a collector (pipeline) uniting them,

- cultivation columns for hydroponic cultivation of agricultural products in intensive mode,

- a system for circulating a nutrient solution through cultivation pipes with an underground location of the main container with a working nutrient solution and a sterilization unit of the container space (quartz burners),

- a control system for the parameters of the working nutrient solution and an automation unit for turning on and off the electric pump supplying the nutrient solution to the cultivation pipes (through the riser and nozzle on it).

That is, in short terms, we have from the side of the method the following definition of the invention:

"A method of developing mountain slopes by intensively growing fruits and vegetables, using terraces, including a bulldozer, characterized in that the vertical walls are reinforced with protective panels fixed with fastening cables coming from pile fastening at higher slope horizons or on the opposite side of the slope, and the base of the terrace is protected by flooring, under which are placed the support pedestals of cultivation pipes and pipelines of the nutrient solution circulation system, as well as the main a bone with a working nutrient solution in case of its underground location; in this case, drainage pipe lines are placed between the fastening cables, which collect water into the storage tanks. "

From the position of the device we have the following brief expression of the invention:

"A system of devices for the development of mountain slopes by intensively growing vegetables and fruits, containing cultivation pipes, support pedestals, nutrient solution circulation lines located on the terraces, characterized in that the terraces on the slopes are made with protective panels reinforced with fixing cables, between which lines of drainage pipes have been laid that divert moisture from the soil of the slope to the storage tank and then use it for domestic and / or technological purposes; moreover, the feeder circulation system the solution is made with the possibility of arranging the main container with the working nutrient solution in a place protected from overheating and overcooling (underground, in the niche of the vertical wall of the terrace), and a vertical riser with a nozzle for spraying the nutrient solution is placed inside the cultivation pipe and is protected from overheating and overcooling; in addition, the cultivation pipes are connected by mounting bridges and secured by braces that increase the stability of the structure under the influence of wind loads. "

The invention is illustrated by figures 1, 2 and 3, where figure 1 shows the General layout of the layout of the slope for the placement of mounting cables and a network of drainage lines; the figure 2 shows the layout of the cultivation tubes and part of the circulation system of the nutrient solution; the figure 3 shows one of the possible layout of the riser with a nozzle for spraying the nutrient solution.

The slopes of a hill or mountain are processed in order to arrange terraces 1 (Fig. 1), which have vertical walls of different heights (which is determined by the objective structure and relief of the slope). Fixing cables 2 are thrown down the slope after being securely fixed on piles (piling area) 3 to the desired horizon (for example, to the base of the hill). Between the permanent places (lines) of the location of the fixing cables, drainage pipes 4 were laid at the required depth. On the lower horizons of the slope (or at the base of the slope), storage tanks 5 are made, connected by a common collector (pipeline) 6.

The vertical sections of the terraces are protected by panels 7 (Fig. 2), which are fixed in place by several factors: bars 8 (or beams for flooring), fixing cables in nodes 9 and screws 10. Supporting cabinets 11 are mounted on substrates (not shown) between bars for flooring. The cultivation pipes 12 are installed in the cabinets at the required distance from each other and are coupled by fixing jumpers 13 and fixed by braces 14. To fix the plants in the holes of the cultivation pipes, lodgements 15 are made with fastening on hoops 16.

Hatches 17 for inspection and control of tanks 18 with the main working solution are made in the soil of the horizontal part of the terrace (with an underground arrangement of containers). The tanks are equipped with quartz burners 19 or bactericidal lamps to achieve the required level of sterility in internal volumes.

The riser 20 (Fig. 3) for supplying the nutrient solution to the upper part of the cultivation pipe is made with a nozzle 21, closed on top with a sealed cap 22, which prevents the penetration of dust, moisture and microorganisms into the inner space of the cultivation pipe. On the way the nutrient solution moves down to the base of the cultivation pipe, the root zones 23 of the plants 24 are located. To collect the nutrient solution, a space 25 is made in the base cabinet where collector (outlet) pipes 26 are opened, delivering the solution to the main working tank. For supplying the nutrient solution to the riser, a supply pipe 27 was made. To protect the circulation system of the nutrient solution from overheating and overcooling, as well as for the convenience of moving vehicles, a collapsible flooring (floor) 28 was made.

The method is carried out in the following way with the implementation of the necessary sequential operations:

- terracing,

- the formation of a pile section for fastening the support cables for the protective panels of the terraces,

- the laying of drainage lines and the construction of storage tanks,

- re-alignment of terraces (vertical and horizontal surfaces),

- arrangement of locations for the main vessel with working nutrient solution and installation of inspection and repair hatches (for underground placement of containers),

- device and fastening of protective panels of terraces,

- placement of the support pedestals and the device lines for supplying and collecting nutrient solution,

- installation of cultivation pipes and a bunch of their fastening jumpers, the establishment of fixing stretch marks,

- the device of collapsible decking (floor) of terraces,

- verification of the operation of the system with water supply and sterilization of the internal volumes of pipes, containers and spaces for collecting nutrient solution,

- preparing a nutrient solution from the mother liquor and filling it with the main capacity of the working nutrient solution,

- planting of plants and the beginning of cultivation.

The process of preparing nutrient solutions and designing a solution circulation system through cultivation pipes includes the following necessary operations and functional units:

- the device of small uterine containers and the preparation of source mother liquors for the future preparation of diluted working nutrient solution,

- device filtration system of the finished (working) nutrient solution before feeding it into the circulation system of cultivation pipes,

- the device assembly sterilization of the working nutrient solution (for example, quartz burners) before feeding it into the circulation system,

- device sensors measuring the volume of the solution fed into the circulation system and returned to the main working capacity,

- the device of sensors for automatic control of the acidity of the working nutrient solution with an emergency warning system.

The cultivation process is as follows.

After debugging the nutrient solution circulation system (plant openings are hermetically sealed with plugs) and establishing a predetermined mode of flow of the solution through the cultivation pipes, they begin to plant the plants in the holes of the cultivation pipes. Planting can be complete (all holes in the pipes are occupied by plants) and incomplete, but in any case, all holes are checked for leaks.

Cultivation is carried out according to the regime set for the given climatic region according to the developed technological map. Stepsoning and removal of additional ovaries do not produce and allow all the embryos of the fruits to develop. The nutrient solution is replaced or regenerated as necessary (for example, once every 3-4 weeks) and / or according to the results of chemical analysis of the leading (indicative) components of the solution (for example, pH value). But in any case, control chemical-analytical measurements of the main indicative parameters of the solution are carried out, for example, weekly.

The collection of fruits is carried out when they reach the required standard sizes.

A system of devices for implementing the method works as follows.

After terraces are made, fixing ropes and drainage lines with storage tanks are installed, cultivation pipes with their mortar unit, filtration unit, sterilization unit and nutrient circulation system become working systems.

An additional element may be a node for heating the nutrient solution in the winter to ensure the survival of plants during periods of frost (not shown in the figures). Additional can be a film cover of cultivation pipes during the winter cold season (not shown in the figures).

Operating systems operate as follows.

Stock solutions are prepared in a solution unit (not shown), from which a working nutrient solution is prepared by dilution and poured into the main working tank 18, where the solution is additionally sterilized with a quartz burner 19. From the working tank 18, the solution is pumped (not shown) to the supply line 27, the riser 20 and the nozzle 21 inside the cultivation pipe 12 under the cap 22, from where the solution flows down through the root zones 23 of the plants 24 into the space 25 of the support cabinet 11, from where the solution is removed through the pipe 26.

The spent nutrient solution is sent to the main working tank 18 and reused in circulation through cultivation tubes 12 until the main indicators of the solution state (for example, pH) change. After depletion, the working solution is removed and replaced with a new one, again filling the tank 18 with it.

In the presence of appropriate conditions (for example, very gently sloping mountain bases), allowing to grow plant products according to standard agricultural technologies, the spent nutrient solution can be used as a good top dressing for any plants.

Claims (2)

1. The method of development of mountain slopes by growing vegetables and fruits in intensive mode, using the device of terraces, including a bulldozer, characterized in that the vertical walls are strengthened with protective panels fixed with fixing cables coming from the pile mount on higher horizons of the slope or on the opposite side of the slope, and the base of the terrace is protected by flooring, under which are placed the support pedestals of the cultivation pipes and pipelines of the nutrient solution circulation system, as well as the main capacity with a working nutrient solution in case of its underground location; at the same time between the fastening cables place lines of drainage pipes that collect water in storage tanks. 2. The system of devices for the development of mountain slopes by growing vegetables and fruits in intensive mode, containing cultivation pipes, support pedestals, nutrient solution circulation lines located on the terraces, characterized in that the terraces on the slopes are made with protective panels, reinforced with fixing cables, between which laid the lines of drainage pipes that divert moisture from the soil of the slope to the storage tank with its subsequent use for domestic and / or technological purposes; moreover, the nutrient solution circulation system is arranged to arrange the main container with the working nutrient solution in a place protected from overheating and overcooling - underground, in the niche of the vertical wall of the terrace, and a vertical riser with a nozzle for spraying the nutrient solution is placed inside the cultivation pipe and is protected from overheating and hypothermia; in addition, cultivation pipes are connected by fastening bridges and secured by braces that increase the stability of the structure under the influence of wind loads.

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