RU2417811C1 - Method of teaching swimming - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine, sport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to methods of teaching children and adults swimming and can be applied both to people who have no swimming skills and to those who are trained in order to correct fixed inefficient swimming skills. Method of teaching swimming lies in the following: for teaching used is water environment with possibility to change its depth level. In order to perform preparatory exercises or exercises for correction of base swimming skills installed is depth level of water environment which does not exceed the level at which taught people can breathe in position "front leaning support" on the bottom of water environment.

EFFECT: possibility of creating optimal conditions for teaching swimming for group of any age, possibility to ensure higher safety of staying in water.

9 cl

Description

The invention relates to methods of teaching swimming for children and adults and can be applied both to people with a lack of swimming skills, and to learners to correct fixed ineffective swimming skills.

Various methods of teaching swimming are known.

So, for example, a method is known, which includes adapting students to the aquatic environment, teaching them to occupy the correct position of the body in water, practicing coordinated movements of arms and legs, providing movement in water in the required direction, as well as practicing breathing, and correcting the correct execution of all movements and breathing due to the fact that in the process of training they use a mask that protects the eyes and nose from direct contact with water and at the same time improves visibility under water, and a breathing tube that provides free breathing with a person immersed in water, followed by successive refusal to use the fins first, then the tubes and lastly the masks, without losing the skill acquired in the previous actions (RU 2061521 C1, 06/10/1996, IPC A63B 69/12 (1994.10) )

The prior art also knows a method of teaching swimming of children of early and preschool age in a small pool, which consists in teaching at least one student to prepare and bring to dry swimming exercises, adapt him to the aquatic environment through the development of breathing techniques and motor exercises legs and hands with periodic use of gaming and water-supporting means, teach him to occupy the correct position of the body in the water while practicing swimming skills they consolidate the acquired swimming skills for students, and along with others, they use inflatable sleeves, worn on the student and subject, without removing from it, to sequentially reduce the volume of inflated air through the valve until it is completely removed, while maintaining the student’s ability to support him sleeve on the water, and the adaptation and consolidation of skills in water is carried out at a water level in the pool corresponding to the level from the belt to the student’s chest (RU 2006145198 A, June 27, 2008, MP K A63B 69/12 (2006.01)).

The main disadvantages of the known methods is the high likelihood of the formation of psychological complexes among students associated with fear of water, in which erroneous motor stereotypes can be formed.

The first entry into the student’s water is fraught with certain difficulties, one of which is a fear of an aquatic environment that is alien to people who cannot swim.

Traditional swimming pools - “paddling pools” do not allow a person who can’t swim to do exercises in a horizontal position, close to the optimal position of the body when swimming. Students, due to the lack of swimming skills, are limited in physical activity, which can lead to hypothermia.

The problem solved by the invention is to teach basic swimming skills, preventing the formation of psychological complexes associated with fear of water, in which erroneous motor stereotypes can be formed.

This problem is solved due to the fact that the method of swimming training for training uses an aqueous medium with the possibility of changing the level of its depth depending on the nature of the exercises for teaching swimming, and to perform preparatory exercises or exercises to adjust basic swimming skills, set the depth of the aquatic environment, not exceeding the level at which students are able to breathe on outstretched arms in the "lying position" position at the bottom of the aquatic environment.

The change in the level of the depth of the aquatic environment can be carried out by pumping or pumping out the aqueous medium into or out of the communicating vessel, respectively, or by changing the position of the water-permeable surface acting as the bottom of the aqueous medium.

Swimming training exercises can be carried out with a gradual decrease in the number of students' support points to the bottom, tending to the unsupported position of the student lying in the aquatic environment.

The level of the aquatic environment can be set to the minimum for the possibility of swimming, and exercises are performed aimed at eliminating the contact of parts of the body of students with the bottom of the aquatic environment.

To consolidate the skills of students in unsupported body position while lying in the water, the level of the aquatic environment can increase or increase the complexity of exercises in the aquatic environment.

The depth of the aquatic environment can be set in excess of half the growth of students to perform exercises, including by changing the direction of swimming.

The depth of the aquatic environment can be set taking into account the skills and physique of students.

The technical result is the ability to create optimal conditions for learning to swim for groups of any age, the ability to provide increased safety while in the water, accessibility to perform exercises, the formation of proper motor skills, quick correction of possible errors, comfortable and consistent development with the aquatic environment.

The effectiveness of this technique was proved by the practice of its application in primary education groups and tested in classes with children four to six years old. More than a thousand people took part in the control groups of training on this technique in the classes. The result of the application of the technique was an unprecedented intensification of training in swimming skills and a multiple reduction in the training hours of classes for mastering with water.

Example

Almost complete safety and friendliness of training is achieved at the beginning of training due to the fact that the teacher (hereinafter referred to as the trainer) sets the level of the aquatic environment so that the students have the opportunity to lean their hands on the bottom of the pool and even when falling into the water can easily raise their heads above the water for inspiration, which is especially important for the child.

The face of each student is constantly near the water, because he does not stand in the water, but lies on it. Thus, the student learns faster with the aquatic environment, learns to close his mouth in contact with it. The ability to move in the aquatic environment allows you to form the right breathing skill in movement.

From the very beginning of training, the student is in a horizontal position. The student performs the exercises, gradually reducing the number of points of support.

The student assumes the “lying down” position and begins to crawl forward. Hands and feet touch the bottom, but the position of the body is already horizontal. Increasing the level of the aquatic environment a little, the trainer asks the students to continue to crawl, but not to touch the bottom with their feet, after which the support to the bottom will remain only with hands. After learning to hold your breath, the student can easily move with his head lowered into the water. Once this task is completed, there is only one step to the formation of basic swimming skills - the unsupported horizontal position of the body in the water. To do this, the student should simply clasp his hands to himself at the moment when he crawls forward with his head lowered into the water while holding his breath.

When moving forward in the "lying position" position on the chest, it is impossible to keep the feet in the wrong position. The ankle is extended, the knees are bent, but only to the angle necessary to form the correct swimming skills, a large area of support with the feet on the water appears and a stereotype of controlling the body in the water with the help of the legs is developed.

After learning to swim while lying in the water "back up", the water level is left the same or reduced to perform exercises while lying on your back. The child cannot bend the legs in the knee and hip joints unnecessarily - the near bottom interferes. Avoiding touching the bottom, the body straightens and assumes the extended horizontal position necessary for performing the exercises.

Further, it is possible to create comfortable conditions for performing any preparatory exercises in a horizontal position of the body. The trainer has the opportunity to increase the number of exercises performed on the move, and thus avoid overcooling students. The adjustable level of the aquatic environment allows you to use the whole set of preparatory exercises with the gradual complication of tasks.

Claims (9)

1. A method of teaching swimming, characterized in that the water environment is used for training with the possibility of changing the level of its depth depending on the nature of the exercises for swimming training, and for the implementation of preparatory exercises or exercises to adjust basic swimming skills, the level of the depth of the water environment is set not exceeding the level at which students are able to breathe on outstretched arms in the "lying position" position at the bottom of the aquatic environment. 2. The method of teaching swimming according to claim 1, characterized in that the change in the level of depth of the aquatic environment is carried out by pumping or pumping the aqueous medium into or out of the communicating vessel, respectively. 3. The method of teaching swimming according to claim 1, characterized in that the change in the level of the depth of the aquatic environment is carried out by changing the position of the water-permeable surface that performs the function of the bottom of the aquatic environment. 4. A swimming training method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the swimming training exercises are carried out with a gradual decrease in the number of students' support points to the bottom, tending to the unsupported position of the student lying in the aquatic environment. 5. A method of teaching swimming according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the level of the aquatic environment is set to the minimum for the possibility of swimming, and exercises are performed aimed at eliminating the contact of body parts of students with the bottom of the aquatic environment. 6. The method of teaching swimming according to claim 4, characterized in that to consolidate the skills of students in unsupported body position while lying in the water, the level of the aquatic environment is increased. 7. The method of teaching swimming according to claim 4, characterized in that the consolidation of the skills of students in unsupported body position while lying in the water increases the complexity of exercises in the aquatic environment. 8. A swimming training method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the depth of the aquatic environment is set to exceed half the height of the trainees to perform exercises, including changing the direction of swimming. 9. A swimming training method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the depth of the aquatic environment is established taking into account the skills and physique of the students.