RU2413817C1 - Floating barrier wave-cutting reinforced concrete structure - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: structure is represented by separate hollow units joined to each other to form the structure, to bottom of which anchors and weights are attached. Hollow units are made in the form of reinforced concrete block-sections with air gaps and are flexibly connected to each other by means of metal coupling chains. In upper part of each hollow reinforced concrete block-section, air gaps are arranged in the form of jet-guiding wave-cutting through galleries formed under reinforced concrete slab and separated between each other by vertical reinforced concrete walls. Inlet rectangular holes of jet-guiding wave-cutting through galleries are arranged on face external bearing wall, and the galleries are arranged with protruding wave-cutting elements arranged at both sides of gallery along its whole length, at equal distance from each other and with displacement of their vertical axes. Lower faces of jet-guiding wave-cutting through galleries are arranged at the distance of 0.3-0.5 m above smooth sea level, and at the side of inlet rectangular holes the lower faces of galleries are arranged as bevelled. In lower part of reinforced concrete block-sections air gaps are separated with thin-walled partitions and are arranged as closed in the form of air space cavities of any dimensions and configurations arranged in several tiers and distributed independently on their quantity evenly along whole inner volume of reinforced concrete hollow block section to form a multi-tier arrangement of the structure. In upper part of face external bearing walls there is a sea wall installed. Buffer shock-absorbers are installed at end bearing walls of each hollow reinforced concrete block-section.

EFFECT: improved efficiency of waves cutting, thus better operational properties of the structure.

4 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hydraulic engineering, in particular to a floating protective wave-extinguishing reinforced concrete structure, which can be used as a breakwater or dam to protect various objects from wave action in open sea areas.

Known as a breakwater by USSR copyright certificate No. 502078, class. E02B 3/02, publ. 02/05/76, consisting of a main wall, an additional wall installed parallel to it, which in plan form a gallery, the entrance section of which is oriented parallel to the front of the prevailing winds.

Known for the construction of the port water area according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2022083, class. E02B 3/06, publ. 10.30.1994, in which spurs of the L-shaped form are attached to the heads of the malls from the outside, in plan, and which are turned by the shelves to the ship passage, are oriented so that their head sections are extended towards each other, from the approach of the waves Spur areas have slopes.

However, the known protective structures are not floating and they cannot be installed in areas of great sea depths.

Known floating breakwater according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2005838, class. E02B 3/06, publ. 01/15/1994, consisting of several hollow containers of elongated shape, connected closely to each other with the formation of a flat structure, the walls of the containers are made of elastic material, at least one ballast chamber is attached to the extreme capacity.

The disadvantage of a floating breakwater is the unreliability of its design due to the execution of the walls of the containers of elastic material, and the presence of a ballast chamber not only complicates the design of the breakwater, but also does not provide effective damping of large waves.

The closest analogue to the claimed one is a floating breakwater developed by Harris (England), which is a structure assembled from individual hollow beam blocks, filled with polystyrene and rigidly interconnected by crossbars, reinforced concrete beam blocks are assembled so that along the entire length longitudinal cracks remain on the breakwater, several anchors are attached to the bottom of the breakwater structure, the wave is extinguished above the horizontal plane as a result of rolling over the beam blocks and turbulization in the cracks, the breakwater designed for damping waves with a height of h = 10 m (see "Floating Breakwaters", in the book. G. Smirnova and others. "Ports and Port Structures" §57, chap. 14., pp. 266-299, M. , Publishing House "Association of Building Universities", 2003

Similar features are the presence of separate hollow structures interconnected to form a floating structure, to the bottom of which anchors and weights are attached.

A disadvantage of the known floating wave breaker is the unreliability of the structure during the suppression of wave energy, due to the fact that the wave is extinguished as a result of its spontaneous rolling through the blocks, and special wave extinguishing devices are not provided.

The technical task of the claimed utility model is the creation of a floating structure with improved operational properties, by increasing the efficiency of quenching wave energy.

To solve the technical problem, a floating structure,

including hollow structures, interconnected with the formation of the structure, to the bottom of which anchors and weights are attached (features similar to the closest analogue), it is equipped with new essential features that provide effective damping of wave energy, due to the fact that the hollow structures are made in the form of reinforced concrete blocks -sections with air voids and which are flexibly connected by adjacent end walls to each other by means of metal clamping chains, with each block section having a front external bearing a wall located on the side of the influence of waves, in the upper part of which there is a wave-breaking reinforced concrete wall, the height of which is set depending on the calculated maximum wave height before construction, and in the upper part of each hollow block section air, voids are made in the form of directional wave-extinguishing through galleries, formed under the reinforced concrete floor for the possibility of orienting the water flow in the transverse direction from the front external bearing wall to the rear (reverse) external bearing wall pockets, while on the front outer supporting wall there are made rectangular rectangular openings of flow-guiding wave-extinguishing through galleries, the latter are separated by vertical reinforced concrete walls, and flow-guiding wave-extinguishing through galleries are made with protruding wave-extinguishing elements,

located on both sides of the gallery along its entire length, at an equal distance from each other and with a shift of the vertical axes, so that on each opposite vertical reinforced concrete wall of the directing wave-extinguishing through gallery, the vertical axis of the protruding wave-extinguishing element is located between the vertical axes of two adjacent protruding wave-extinguishing elements for the possibility of creating an enhanced wave-breaking and wave-extinguishing effect when the water stream enters from the wave, the lower bounds of guiding wave-extinguishing through galleries are located at a distance of 0.3-0.5 m above the level of the calm sea, and from the side of the input rectangular openings, the lower faces of the guiding wave-extinguishing through galleries are made beveled to provide a larger volume of water flow when the waves approach the structure, and parts of reinforced concrete hollow block sections; air voids are separated by thin-walled partitions and made closed in the form of air space cavities of any sizes and configurations; wives in several tiers and which are distributed regardless of their number evenly throughout the entire internal volume of the reinforced concrete hollow block section with the formation of a multi-tiered monolithic structure of the structure to ensure buoyancy and stability of hollow reinforced concrete block sections, and on the end bearing walls of each hollow reinforced concrete block section buffer shock absorbers to mitigate the dynamic effects of each other reinforced concrete block sections. The number of directional wave-extinguishing through galleries in each individual reinforced concrete hollow block section is set depending on the geometric parameters of these block sections, and the cross-sectional height of directional wave-extinguishing through galleries is set depending on the estimated height of the waves suitable for the construction. The extinguishing protruding elements can be made in the form of spurs of various shapes.

The device is illustrated by drawings, where

figure 1 shows the structure in a perspective view, a General view;

figure 2 - the same, shows a separate hollow reinforced concrete block section with rectangular inlet openings, axonometry, General view;

figure 3 is the same, shows a waveguide extinguishing through gallery, side view;

figure 4 - the same, shows a gallery with protruding waveguard elements, a top view, in section aa;

5 shows metal chains connected to embedded parts, a perspective view.

The device includes individual hollow structures made in the form of reinforced concrete block sections 1 (or modules) with air voids 2, which are separated by thin-walled partitions in the lower part of the reinforced concrete hollow sections 3. The reinforced concrete block sections 1 are flexibly connected by adjacent end walls 4 to each other another by means of metal coupling chains 5 with the formation of structures of any given length. Moreover, each reinforced concrete hollow block section 1 consists of a front external bearing wall 6, a rear (reverse) external bearing wall 7, end (side) walls 4, reinforced concrete bottom 8 and reinforced concrete floor 9.

The front outer bearing wall 6 is located on the side of the impact of waves, in its upper part there is a wave-breaking reinforced concrete wall 10, the height of which is set by calculation, depending on the calculated maximum wave height before construction. In the lower part of the front external bearing wall 6, embedded parts 11 for anchor devices are installed, for example, in the form of mounting loops, by means of which cables 12 are fixed to the reinforced concrete bottom 8, the anchors 13 are fixed to the other end, and between the block sections 1 and the anchors 13 on the cables 12 suspended loads 14 for greater stability of the block sections 1 and the entire floating structure, due to the tension of the cables.

Along the vertical lateral edges of the front external bearing wall 6 of the structure, embedded parts 15 for metal tension chains 5 are installed with the possibility of ensuring increased buoyancy of the structure when connecting adjacent end (side) walls of 4 adjacent hollow block sections 1. On the end (side) walls 4 of each reinforced concrete of the hollow block section 1, buffer shock absorbers 16 are installed to mitigate dynamic effects from each other during storm events or during towing by water to the assembly site eniya.

In the upper part of each hollow reinforced concrete block section 1, air voids 2 are made in the form of directional wave-extinguishing through galleries 17 formed under reinforced concrete floor 9 for the possibility of orienting the water flow in the transverse direction from the front external bearing wall 6 to the rear (reverse) external supporting wall 7 during the operation of the facility. In this case, the number of waveguide extinguishing through galleries 17 in each reinforced concrete hollow block section 1 is set depending on the geometric parameters of these block sections 1, and the dimensions of the directional wave extinguishing through galleries 17 are set depending on the wave parameters.

For example, one hollow reinforced concrete block section 1 has dimensions: length 70-100 m, width 30-50 m, height 15-20 m, while the waveguide extinguishing through galleries 17 have sizes from 3.0-4.0 m in width and up to 3.0-6.0 m in height, depending on the estimated height of the suitable waves.

Structural wave-extinguishing through galleries 17 are separated by vertical reinforced concrete walls 18, a thickness of about 0.5-1.0 m

On the front outer bearing wall 6, rectangular inlet openings 19 are provided for the waveguide extinguishing through galleries 17, while the rectangular openings are dimensioned depending on the parameters of the hollow reinforced concrete block section.

Structural wave-extinguishing through galleries 17 are made with protruding wave-extinguishing elements 20, of various shapes, located on both sides of the through gallery 17 along its entire length, at an equal distance from each other and with a shift of the vertical axes 21, so that on each opposite vertical reinforced concrete the wall 18 of the directional wave extinguishing gallery 17, the vertical axis 21 of the protruding wave extinguishing element 20 is located between the vertical axes 21 of two adjacent protruding wave extinguishing elements 20 with the possibility of creating an enhanced wave-breaking and wave-extinguishing effect when the water stream enters from the wave. The lower faces 22 of the waveguide extinguishing gallery 17 are located at a distance of 0.3-0.5 m above the calm sea level to reduce the wave load on the block section 1.

From the side of the inlet rectangular openings 19, the lower faces 22 of the waveguide extinguishing through galleries are made beveled to allow a larger volume of water flow when the waves approach the structure.

The extinguishing elements 20 can be made in the form of spurs of various shapes.

In the lower part of the reinforced concrete hollow block sections 1, the air voids 2 are separated by thin-walled partitions 3 and are closed in the form of air space cavities of any sizes and configurations, which are located in several tiers and are distributed uniformly throughout the entire internal volume of the reinforced concrete hollow block section 1 with the formation of a multi-tiered monolithic construction and ensuring buoyancy and stability of hollow reinforced concrete block sections 1.

Block sections 1 can be made of various configurations, depending on their purpose, and installed on any section of the sea (ocean) water area, while the depth of the sea under the structure should be no less than the draft of the structure.

Wave energy is quenched through flow-guiding wave-extinguishing through galleries 17 formed under reinforced concrete floors 9 in the upper part of hollow reinforced concrete block sections.

The device operates as follows.

When the waves approach the front external bearing walls 6 of the floating structure, the bulk of the water flows through the input slanted rectangular openings 19 into the air voids 2 of the waveguide extinguishing through galleries 17, where when this mass of water passes, its flow hits the protruding wave-extinguishing elements 20 simultaneously from both sides of each galleries, oriented in the transverse direction from the front outer load-bearing wall to the rear outer load-bearing wall. Due to the displacement of the vertical axes of the wave-extinguishing elements 20, for example, wave-extinguishing spurs, the mass of the water flow undergoes a turbulent chaotic flow, as a result of which the force of the water flow weakens, loses its energy and pours out from the directional wave-extinguishing gallery 17 from the back of the block section 1. In connection with the fact that the lower faces 22 of the directional wave-extinguishing through galleries 17 are located 0.3-0.5 m (optimal values) above the calm sea level, the bulk of the water flow from the waves falls into the directional waveguide drawer through gallery 17, reducing the wave load on the block section 1.

Thus, there is an effective quenching of the energy of the waves as they pass through the directional wave-extinguishing through galleries throughout the entire floating structure.

At the same time, a wave-breaking reinforced concrete wall 10 in the upper part of the front external bearing walls 6 prevents water from entering the reinforced concrete floors 9 of block sections 1.

During the period of exposure to storm waves or during the assembly of the structure, buffer shock absorbers 16 soften the dynamic effect of the floating block sections 1 of the entire structure from each other. As a result of the effective suppression of wave energy, the operational properties of the entire structure are significantly improved, regardless of its length, which is proved by experimental laboratory studies by physical modeling of the claimed structure in a hydraulic pool.

If the lower faces of the galleries 17 are located below or above the optimal values, i.e. less than 0.3 m and more than 0.5 m, the damping efficiency of the waves decreases and leads to large wave loads on the block sections 1, since in this case the maximum volume of water flow from storm waves enters the gallery 17, worsening the operational properties of the structure, which also proved by experimental studies.

Compared to the closest analogue, as well as other hydro-technical protective constructions known in the construction, the floating floating wave-extinguishing reinforced concrete structure proposed for patenting significantly increases the efficiency of absorbing wave energy, thereby improving its operational properties.

A real floating structure makes it possible to place various objects on its surfaces, such as sports fields, recreation areas, and can be used to moor ships from the rear of the structure.

The proposed construction can be used in open sea areas, in any part of the sea or ocean water area, including in areas remote from the coast, and at various depths.

In addition, the invention proposed for patenting can be used in the construction of any other floating capital structures, for example, floating artificial islands.

Thus, according to the applicants, the proposed floating patented wave-extinguishing reinforced concrete structure is patentable, as it meets the criteria of: novelty, inventive step and industrial applicability.

Claims (4)

1. Floating protective wave-extinguishing reinforced concrete structure, including individual hollow structures, interconnected to form a structure, to the bottom of which anchors and weights are attached, characterized in that the hollow structures are made in the form of reinforced concrete block sections with air voids and which are flexibly connected to adjacent end walls with each other by means of metal clamping chains, while from the side of the action of the waves, each block section has a front external supporting wall, in the upper part to A wave-breaking reinforced concrete wall is installed, the height of which is set depending on the calculated maximum wave height before construction, and in the upper part of each hollow block section, the air voids are made in the form of directional wave-extinguishing through galleries formed under the reinforced concrete ceiling to allow the water flow to be oriented in the transverse direction from the front external bearing wall to the rear (reverse) external bearing wall, while the input external bearing wall is made e rectangular openings of the directional wave-extinguishing through galleries, the latter are separated by vertical reinforced concrete walls, and the directional wave-extinguishing through galleries are made with protruding wave-extinguishing elements located on both sides of the gallery along its entire length, at an equal distance from each other and with an offset of the vertical axes so so that on each opposite vertical reinforced concrete wall of the gallery, the vertical axis of the protruding wave-suppressing element is located wife between the vertical axes of two adjacent protruding wave-extinguishing elements for the possibility of creating an enhanced wave-breaking and wave-extinguishing effect when the water flows from the wave, and the lower edges of the directional wave-extinguishing through galleries are located at a distance of 0.3-0.5 m above the calm sea level, and from of the input rectangular openings, the lower faces of the directional wave-extinguishing through galleries are made beveled to provide a larger volume of water flow when the waves approach the structure, and in the lower part of reinforced concrete hollow block sections, air voids are separated by thin-walled partitions and made closed in the form of air space cavities of any sizes and configurations located in several tiers and which are distributed regardless of their number evenly throughout the entire internal volume of the reinforced concrete hollow block section with the formation of a multi-tiered monolithic construction of the structure to ensure buoyancy and stability of hollow reinforced concrete block sections, and at the end not uschih walls of each hollow concrete block buffer section mounted shock absorbers to cushion the dynamic impacts from each other by a block of reinforced concrete sections. 2. The floating structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of waveguide extinguishing through galleries in each individual reinforced concrete hollow block section is set depending on the geometric parameters of these block sections. 3. A floating structure according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the cross-sectional height of the waveguide extinguishing through galleries is set depending on the design height of the waves suitable for the floating structure. 4. The floating structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the wave extinguishing protruding elements can be made in the form of spurs of various shapes.

Images