RU2413084C2 - Kazantsev piston engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: piston engine includes converter for conversion of energy of working medium to mechanical energy, fuel pump; at that, hydraulic pump is equipped with external combustion chamber which is located outside the converter, steam generator and compressor; at that, compressor is pneumatically connected to external combustion chamber which is connected through steam generator to converter, and fuel pump is hydraulically connected to external combustion chamber, and hydraulic pump is hydraulically connected to steam generator. External combustion chamber is arranged in steam generator, equipped with gas chamber separating combustion products from steam. At that, gas chamber has the volume which is more than twenty cyclic volumes of converter. Steam generator has the volume which is more than twenty cyclic volumes of converter. Air cooler is installed between compression steps of compressed air. Engine is equipped with external liquid cooling system which is hydraulically connected to hydraulic pump, heat insulating jacket and turbo-compressor. Turbo-compressor is pneumatically connected to converter and compressor, which are combined into one unit. Converter has oil case which is separated from compressor and equipped with outlet openings. Engine has one external combustion chamber per several converters. Supply of fuel, cooling liquid and working medium is controlled. Converter is made in the form of Kazantsev pneumatic engine, or in the form of Kazantsev adiabatic engine, or in the form of Diesel engine, or in the form of Wankel engine, or in the form of rotary engine, and in the form of Stirling engine. Compressor is piston-type or turbine-type or centrifugal.

EFFECT: invention provides improvement of engine power and efficiency, fuel economy, and the design is simplified.

25 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to heat engines for various purposes, in particular to automotive engines.

Known carburetor internal combustion engine, including: a cylinder-piston part, which serves to convert the energy of the working fluid into mechanical work (hereinafter referred to as the converter), a cylinder head with intake and exhaust valves, a water cooling system washing the walls around the combustion chamber, a carburetor and channels, supplying the air-fuel mixture to the combustion chamber. Water cooling allows converter parts to work without overheating. The disadvantage of this engine is that external liquid cooling takes a large amount of heat from the engine, which reduces its efficiency by 25-30%. In addition, air enters the cylinder by self-priming through a carburetor, which, due to throttling and heating, reduces the filling of the converter cylinder with air. A significant drawback is that in this engine a single-stage process of air compression with heating (polytropic process) is carried out, and this leads to excessive work and low compression pressure, not more than 3 MPa (see Mikhailovsky EV and other Automobiles. M .: Mechanical engineering, pp. 70-74, liquid cooling system, Fig. 58).

Known internal combustion engine, the walls of the working chamber of the Converter which is lined with porous inserts, through which water is supplied at the expansion stroke. Under the influence of a high temperature of fuel combustion, water evaporates and forms a steam jacket inside the working chamber of the converter. Such an arrangement of the engine makes it possible, thanks to the porous jacket, to realize the low-temperature thermal regime of the friction pairs and to exclude external water cooling.

The disadvantage of this engine is that the steam continues to enter the working chamber from the porous inserts of the converter and during the cycle of filling it with fresh air. This does not allow a stable combustion process inside the working chamber, reduces the volume of introduced air, power and efficiency of the engine (US 4281626).

An object of the invention is to increase the power and efficiency of the engine, saving fuel consumption, simplifying the design and improving the environmental friendliness of the engine.

The problem is solved due to the fact that a piston engine containing a converter for converting the energy of the working fluid into mechanical energy, a fuel pump, a hydraulic pump, according to the invention, is equipped with an external combustion chamber external to the converter, a steam generator and a compressor, while the compressor is pneumatically connected to an external the combustion chamber, which is connected through a steam generator to the converter, and the fuel pump is hydraulically connected to the external combustion chamber, the hydraulic pump is hydraulically connected to a steam generator. An external combustion chamber is located in the steam generator. The external combustion chamber is equipped with a gas chamber separating the combustion products from the steam. The gas chamber has a volume of more than twenty cyclic volumes of the converter. The steam generator has a volume of more than twenty cyclic volumes of the converter. An air cooler is installed between the compression stages of the compressible air. The engine is equipped with an external liquid cooling system. An external liquid cooling system is hydraulically connected to the hydraulic pump. The engine is equipped with a heat-insulating jacket. The engine is equipped with a turbocharger. The turbocharger is pneumatically connected to the converter and the compressor. The compressor and converter are combined in one unit. The converter has an oil sump separate from the compressor. The converter is equipped with exhaust windows. The engine has one external combustion chamber for several converters, hydraulically connected to an external liquid cooling system. The fuel, coolant and working fluid supply are adjustable,

The converter is made in the form of a Kazantsev air motor, which is known from RUI patent No. 2005886, published January 15, 1994.

The converter is made in the form of an adiabatic Kazantsev engine, which is known from published on 03/10/2003 information about the application RU No. 20011111342.

The converter is designed as a diesel engine.

The converter is made in the form of a Wankel engine.

The converter is made in the form of a rotary engine.

The converter is made in the form of a Stirling engine.

The compressor is made piston.

The compressor is made turbine.

The compressor is made centrifugal.

Analysis of known technical solutions in the field of reciprocating heat engines allows us to conclude that the proposed technical solution allows the use of heat leaving through the walls of the engine and the heat of the spent working fluid and, on this basis, increase the efficiency of the external combustion engine to 61-65.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where Fig. 1 shows a diagram of a reciprocating external combustion engine with cooling of compressible air in the lower pressure stage with accumulation and vapor-liquid cooling of the combustion products inside the steam generator, with a converter from twin cylinders, the first of which is isobaric, the second is adiabatic, working with deep expansion of the working fluid, as well as with condenser extraction of liquid from the spent steam-gas working fluid and its repeated use in the steam generator and with recovery of t Heat from an external engine cooling system.

Figure 2 - option 2 of the Converter, made in the form of a pneumatic adiabatic engine, working on the products of combustion and, in parallel, a working consumer of a vaporous working fluid.

Figure 3 - option 3 of the Converter, made in the form of a rotary axial multi-cylinder pneumatic engine with an inclined washer.

Figure 4 - option 4 of the Converter, made in the form of a cylinder with two inlet and two outlet windows, inside of which is a trihedral rotor - the piston performs six duty cycles in one revolution of the shaft.

Figure 5 is a diagram of an engine carrying a compressor in one unit with separate crankcases, and fuel and hydraulic pumps, a valveless converter with exhaust ports and an internal combustion chamber. The engine is also equipped with an external combustion chamber built into the steam generator, a turbocharger and a Wankel-type condenser, and with a turbocharger recovering the energy of the working fluid waste to pressurize the compressor.

Option 1. (Figure 1). The engine contains: low pressure compressor 1; air cooler 2; high pressure compressor 3; external combustion chamber 4; fuel pump 5; fuel supply channel 6; steam generator 8; gas-vapor channel 9; a transducer 10 consisting of a cylinder 11, an isobaric chamber 12, pistons 13, 14, an inter-cylinder channel 15, an adiabatic cylinder 16 and an adiabatic chamber 17; liquid external cooling system 18; heat-insulating shirt 19; steam and gas venting channels 20; capacitor 21; condensate channel 22; coolant channel 23; gas-vapor nozzle 24; hydraulic pump 25; gas channel 26; water nozzle 27; gas channel 28 and air supply channels 29.

Option 2. (Figure 2). The adiabatic converter comprises: a steam generator 8, a vapor-gas channel 9, an adiabatic chamber 17, a heat-insulating jacket 19, a vapor-gas exhaust channel 20, a vapor-gas nozzle 24, a converter 30, a false cylinder 31, a false piston 32, a cylinder 33, a piston 34, a steam consumer 35, a steam pipe 36 and a gas camera 37.

Option 3. (Figure 3). The rotary converter comprises: a gas-vapor channel 8, a liquid external cooling system 18, a heat-insulating jacket 19, a gas-vapor exhaust channel 20, a gas-vapor nozzle 24, a housing 41, a rotor 42, pistons 43, 49, an inlet window 44, an outlet window 45, an angular washer 46, a shaft power take-off 47 and support 48.

Option 4. (Figure 4). The rotary converter contains: steam-gas channels 9, a liquid external cooling system 18, a heat-insulating jacket 19, steam-gas exhaust channels 20, gas-vapor nozzles 24, inlet windows 44, exhaust windows 45, an epitrochoidal cylinder 51, a trihedral rotor piston 52 with a gear wheel 53, a shaft 54 , gear 55, working chambers 56 and exhaust chambers 57.

Option 5. (Figure 5). The engine contains: a high pressure compressor 3, an external combustion chamber 4, a fuel pump 5, a fuel supply channel 6, a fuel injector 7, a steam generator 8, a gas-vapor channel 9, a liquid external cooling system 18, a heat-insulating jacket 19, gas and vapor exhaust channels 20, a condenser 21, a condensate channel 22, coolant channel 23, gas and vapor nozzle 24, hydraulic pump 25, hydraulic channel 26, hydraulic nozzle 27, gas channel 28, air supply channels 29, turbocharger 60, turbine 61, compressor 62, fuel supply channel 63, exhaust windows 64, cylinder 65, converter 66, piston 67, converter case 68, compressor casing 69, hydraulic channel 70, engine block 71, coolant tank 72, nozzle 73, and purge air passage 74.

The engine operates as follows.

Option 1. (Figure 1). The low-pressure compressor 1 pumps air through the air supply ducts 29 to the air cooler 2 and then to the high-pressure compressor 3. Intensive cooling by the air-cooler 2 of the compressed air reduces the operation of the low-pressure compressor 1, which brings the thermodynamic process in it closer to isothermal and corresponds to the first compression stage in the cycle " Carnot. " The high pressure compressor 3 compresses and pumps it into the external combustion chamber 4, for example, with a final pressure of 9.6 MPa. When compressed, the air temperature rises to 800 degrees Kelvin. Pressure and temperature can be more and less. It depends on the design and desire of the engine operator. The high-pressure compressor 3 is protected against cooling by a heat-insulating jacket. The thermodynamic compression process by compressor 3 is adiabatic and corresponds to the second stage of compression in the Carnot cycle. In some designs of high-pressure compressors 3, inevitably cooling the cylinder-piston group. This cooling is organized in the same way as in converters. Those. the water of the liquid external cooling system 18 washes the high-pressure compressor 3, but under the heat-insulating jacket 19 (see option 5), which prevents the cooling of heat into the atmosphere. Therefore, in the end, all the heat is converted into work. Entering a water jacket does not change the efficiency, because it is part of a liquid external cooling system 18. The thermodynamic process in this case is also adiabatic.

The fuel pump 5 pumps fuel into the external combustion chamber 4 from the fuel tank "T" through the fuel-conducting channel 6, where it mixes with hot air, spontaneously ignites and burns. The combustion temperature in the flare is about 3250 K. It depends on the brand of fuel and the temperature of the compressed air. The operator changes the fuel supply using the fuel injector 7. The time of combustion and afterburning of the fuel in the external combustion chamber 4 and the steam generator 8 is more than 100 cycles of the converter 10, which ensures complete combustion of fuel at a nominal coefficient of excess air, therefore, the most economical fuel consumption or high engine efficiency. The combustion products flow from the external combustion chamber 4 into the steam generator 8 at a temperature of about 3000 K. This temperature is unacceptable. Therefore, outside the external combustion chamber 4 is cooled by water. Water is heated and converted into steam, which is mixed with the combustion products and cools them from the inside in the steam generator 8, for which the hydraulic pump 25 pumps water through the hydraulic channel 26, through a controlled hydraulic nozzle 27 to the hot surfaces of the parts. In order to use heat, water is taken from the external external cooling system 18 through the channel of the cooling liquid 23. The temperatures of the steam and combustion products are equalized. A gas-vapor working fluid with a temperature of 1500-730 degrees Celsius is formed. When more or less cooling water is supplied to the steam generator 8, controlled by the hydraulic nozzle 27, the temperature of the gas-vapor working fluid is maintained such that it provides maximum engine efficiency and prevents its overheating. The higher the temperature in the steam generator 8, the higher the efficiency, but the more difficult it is to ensure the thermal stability of the gas-vapor nozzle 24 and other engine parts. However, a temperature of 1000 ° C already corresponds to an engine efficiency of 61%, which is ensured by a large volume of steam. Water and steam are undesirable for metal, but they can reduce fuel consumption by 1.5-2 times and improve environmental conditions at least twice, including noise. Noise suppression in traditional conditions requires energy expenditures of up to 3% of engine efficiency. The flow rate of the working fluid by the converter 10 in an engine with an external combustion chamber depends not only on the geometric dimensions of its cylinders, but also on the speed of the drive shaft. Therefore, the speed of the transducer 10 can be reduced by two or more times, which increases its durability, and the pressure of the working fluid at the outlet of the refrigerator to atmospheric pressure, which will significantly reduce its temperature and increase its efficiency. Radiator and fan are not required. Cooling the combustion products with water vapor from the inside solves this problem. The volume of the steam generator 8 is 100 or more cycles of the volumes of the converter 10. This ensures minimal cyclic fluctuations of the working fluid in it about 1% and good conditions for the combustion of fuel, which also increases the efficiency of the engine. Organized in this way, the gas-vapor working fluid is supplied to the converter 10 through the gas-vapor channel 9 through the gas-vapor nozzle 24. The converter in the proposed engine may have various designs. Cylinder-piston steam chamber 10 (Fig. 1), where the first chamber is isobaric. The cylinder piston adiabatic (figure 2). Rotary cylinder piston with axial pistons (figure 3). Cylinder-piston with a trihedral rotor, running around the epitrochoidal cylinder and making six duty cycles in one revolution (figure 4). Cylinder-piston valveless with exhaust windows (figure 5) and others. In this case, the engine can be equipped with any type of compressor, including piston, rotary, turbine, etc. The main requirements for the compressor are: a high compression ratio at high efficiency. The most efficient compressor in an engine with an external combustion chamber is a continuous air compressor. It is paired with a continuous fuel injection fuel pump, for example, a turbine compressor with a gear pump, providing continuous combustion of fuel, which increases the amount of heat from fuel combustion and engine efficiency. The pressure of the working fluid in the steam generator 8, equal to 9.6 MPa, corresponds to the minimum fuel consumption, referred to power. The working fluid is supplied from the steam generator 8 to the converter 10 through the gas-vapor channel 9 through the gas-vapor nozzle 24. The working stroke of the piston 13 is carried out with a constant supply of the working fluid inside the isobaric chamber 12 along the entire length of the cylinder 11 from top dead center to bottom. The inter-cylinder channel 15 is locked. The pressure and temperature of the working fluid in the isobaric cylinder 11 practically corresponds to the pressure and temperature in the steam generator 8. Thus, the thermodynamic process in the cylinder 11 is carried out isobaric and isothermal. The heat removed by the walls of the cylinder 11 to the liquid external cooling system 18 is not lost. It returns with water through the channel of the cooling fluid 23 to the hydraulic pump 25. It transfers it through the hydraulic channel 26 to the steam generator 8, where this heat is recovered to the vaporous working fluid. engine efficiency increases. The thermodynamic process in the isobaric cylinder 11 corresponds to the first stage of expansion in the Carnot cycle. When the piston 13 moves downward, the piston 14 rises up and pushes the working fluid out of the adiabatic chamber 17 through the open vapor-exhaust duct 20 to the condenser 21. During the reverse stroke of the pistons 13 and 14, the vapor-gas nozzle 24 and the vapor-exhaust duct 20 are closed, and the inter-cylinder channel 15 is open. This thermodynamic process occurs when the working fluid expands simultaneously in the isobaric chamber 12 and the adiabatic chamber 17. The pressures of the working fluid in them are equalized, and the piston 14 operates due to the difference in the area of the pistons 13 and 14. At the bottom dead center, the working stroke of the piston 14 ends. The inter-cylinder channel 15 is locked, and the gas-vapor nozzle 24 and the gas-vapor exhaust channel 20 open, the cycle repeats. The thermodynamic process in the adiabatic chamber 17 is equated to the adiabatic process because the heat transferred to the external external cooling system 18 by the walls of the converter 10 is used, recovered by the working fluid in the steam generator 8. This thermodynamic process corresponds to the second expansion cycle in the Carnot cycle. Converter 10 is soft. The load on the crankshaft by the piston 13 is constant all the way from the top to the bottom dead center, and by the piston 14 it decreases from the maximum to the minimum value from the top to the bottom dead center. This value depends on the difference between the areas of the pistons 13 and 14 and the pressure of the working fluid in the isobaric chamber 12 and the adiabatic chamber 17. For an engine protected from cooling by a heat-insulating jacket 19 and working on a low-temperature working fluid (1000 K ... 1800 K) from the receiver (steam generator 8 ), it is characteristic that almost all the heat generated in the external combustion chamber 4 is converted to work. This gives him maximum efficiency. In addition, the gas-vapor working fluid is highly environmentally friendly and prevents carbon deposits and tar deposits in rubbing vapors. Oils and cylinders having a low temperature are more durable than hot oils and cylinders. Any liquid fuel is applicable, and without changing the power system. The use of a large amount of water, four liters and one liter of fuel, reduces fuel consumption by 1.5 ... 2 times. The use of capacitors virtually eliminates the loss of water.

Option 2. (Figure 2). The work of the adiabatic converter 30. The working fluid, for example, combustion products, is supplied from the gas chamber 37 through the gas-vapor channel 9 to the gas-vapor nozzle 24. When the false piston 32 is in TDC, the gas-vapor nozzle 24 pumps a portion of the working fluid into the adiabatic chamber 17 and closes. The injection process is isothermal, isobaric, because filling the false cylinder 31 with a working fluid is carried out at a constant temperature and constant pressure, which corresponds to the first expansion stroke in the Carnot cycle. The cyclic supply of the working fluid is regulated by a combined-cycle nozzle 24. After its completion, the nozzle 24 is locked. The working fluid expands adiabatically. The piston 34 is lowered to the BDC together with the false piston 32. At the end of the working stroke, the steam and gas exhaust channel 20 is opened. Through this channel, the false piston 32 together with the piston 34, while going to the TDC, displace exhaust products from the false cylinder 31. Then the cycle repeats. Because Since the false cylinder 31 is protected from cooling by a heat insulating jacket 19, and the false piston 32 has low thermal conductivity and does not contact not with the false cylinder 31 and not with the cylinder 33, this thermodynamic process is adiabatic and corresponds to the second expansion stroke in the Carnot cycle. The diameter of the false piston 32 is slightly smaller than the diameters of the cylinder 33 and the false cylinder 31, which forms a thermal gap 38. The volume of hot gas in the thermal gap 38 is less than 0.4 of the volume of gas in the false cylinder 31. The false piston 32 has low thermal conductivity. Therefore, the cylinder 33 has a low temperature and does not require liquid cooling, which greatly simplifies and cheapens the design of the engine. In addition, the vaporous working fluid from the steam generator 8 through the steam line 36 provides steam to the consumer 35, which may be a turbocharger.

Option 3. (Figure 3). Rotary Converter operates as follows. Through the gas-vapor channel 9 and the gas-vapor nozzle 24, a gas-vapor working fluid is supplied to the inlet window 44 of the rotor 42, which presses on the piston 43. The piston 43 is pressed through the movable support 48 onto the fixed inclined washer 46, slide down it and rotates together with the rotor 42 and the shaft 47 in a fixed housing 41. The transducer has many pistons 43 that produce work, and the same number of pistons 49 that rise up and release the exhaust ports 45 from the used working fluid through the steam and gas outlet channel 20. During operation, they change roles. The greater the partial feed of the working fluid through the gas-vapor nozzle 24 into the inlet window 44, the greater the power of the converter. Its disadvantage is a liquid external cooling system 18 and insufficient durability of the friction bearings 48. However, the rotary transducer is structurally simple. It has the smallest specific gravity. It lacks controllable valves. The rotation of the rotor 42 is reversible. It is protected from cooling by a thermally insulating jacket 19. The heat of the liquid external cooling system 18 is recovered in the steam generator 8. The thermodynamic cycle of this variant of the engine corresponds to the Carnot cycle. The calculated efficiency at a pressure of 9.6 MPa and a temperature of 1000 K is 61%.

Option 4. (Figure 4). The operation of the engine, the converter of which is made in the form of a trihedral rotor-piston 52, mounted movably on an eccentric drive shaft 54 and rolling around its stationary gear 53 with its gear 53. The trihedral rotor-piston 52 divides the epitrochoidal cylinder 51 into working chambers 56 and exhaust chambers 57. In this case, the working chambers 56 are connected to the inlet windows 44, through which the vapor-gas nozzles 24 pump the next portions of the working fluid prepared in the steam generator 8 (see option 1) and summed up for about parogazovym channels 9. The working fluid pressure on the piston surface 52, closing the working chamber 56 and offset from the drive shaft 54 upwards to the left. The trihedral rotor-piston 52 rotates in an arrow to the left, is rolled around by a gear wheel 53 along a gear 55 and rotates an eccentric 58 rigidly interconnected with a drive shaft 54. At the same time, the exhausted working fluid is discharged from the exhaust chambers 57 through the outlet windows 45 through the gas-vapor output channels 20 into the refrigerator . For a complete rotation, the trihedral rotor-piston 52 produces six working cycles, two for each face, which provides this converter with high specific power. The push-pull converter, valveless, its thermodynamic processes are close to those in the Carnot cycle, because the heat of the liquid external cooling system 18 is recovered in the steam generator 8. The devices of the liquid external cooling system 18 and the heat-insulating jacket 19 are similar to option 1.

Option 5. (Figure 5). Engine operation. The high pressure compressor 3 compresses the atmospheric air to a pressure of, for example, 9.6 MPa and pumps it through the air supply channel 29 into the external combustion chamber 4, while the air is heated to a temperature of more than 800 K. The fuel pump 5 through the fuel channel 6 through the nozzle 7 there It pumps fuel. It mixes with compressed air, spontaneously ignites and burns at a temperature of about 3250 K. Combustion products flow from the external combustion chamber 4 to the steam generator 8 through the gas channel 28. The hydraulic pump 25 pumps water into the steam generator 8 through the hydraulic channel 26 through the hydraulic nozzle 27. It cools the outside of the wall of the external combustion chamber 4, heats itself and turns into steam. Steam mixes with the combustion products, cools them to a temperature of 1000 ... 1800 K, at the request of the engine operator. In the steam generator 8, a gas-vapor working fluid is formed. Where it accumulates in the amount of 100 or more cyclic volumes of the converter. The temperature of the working fluid in the steam generator 8 is controlled by the amount of water supplied to it by the hydraulic nozzle 27, and the pressure by the amount of fuel supplied to it by the fuel nozzle 7 within the limits - at the request of the engine operator. The engine according to option 5 can work in various versions.

5.1. The operation of the engine without the use of water in the steam generator 8, i.e. in ICE mode. To do this, before stopping the engine, the following is necessary. Fuel injector 7 and hydraulic pump 25 must be turned off. The fuel is supplied to the nozzle 73 through the fuel channel 63. the external combustion chamber 4 and the steam generator 8 are cleaned of steam and filled with compressed air with a pressure of at least 4 MPa, supplied from the high-pressure compressor 3 through the air supply channel 29. The steam generator 8 is connected by a gas-vapor channel 9 to a gas-vapor channel nozzle 24.

Work. The gas-vapor injectors 24 and fuel 73 open and through them portions of compressed air and fuel are introduced into the cylinder 65. Nozzles close. The fuel is ignited by the ignition mixture (not shown) and burns. The piston 67 moves down. An expansion beat occurs. Near the BDC, the piston 67 opens the exhaust ports 64 and releases combustion products from the cylinder 65, and the gas-vapor nozzle 24 opens and pumps a new portion of compressed air into the cylinder 65. The cylinder 65 is purged from the remains of the combustion products and is filled with fresh air. Combined-gas nozzle 24 closes. The piston 67 rises up and cuts off the windows 64. There is a compression stroke of air in the cylinder 65. At TDC, both nozzles again open - combined-cycle 24 and fuel 73. The following portions of compressed air and fuel are introduced into cylinder 65. The cycle repeats. In this case, a direct-flow purge and good filling of the cylinder 65 with compressed air from the high-pressure compressor 3 and injection of the exhaust products of combustion into the turbine 61 through the steam-exhaust duct 20. This ensures stable operation of the valveless transducer 66 in the dry mode.

5.2. The valveless converter 66 with exhaust ports 64 can operate using two sources of thermal energy at the same time, including: the working fluid of the combustion products of the internal combustion chamber of the cylinder 65 - plus the working fluid of the combustion products of the gas chamber 37 (see figure 2); or - plus a vaporous working fluid isolated from the gas chamber 37 of the steam generator 8.

5.3. The valveless converter 66 with the exhaust ports 64 most effectively operates on the cycle of a two-stroke diesel engine (5.1), but using a gas-vapor working fluid generated in steam-generated 8 and pumped from it through the gas-vapor channel 9 and nozzle 24 into the cylinder 65 at the beginning of the piston stroke 67. The cyclic amount of a gas-vapor working fluid is determined by the engine operator and is regulated by the nozzle 24. In this case, the cylinder 65 is purged with air compressed by the compressor 62 and supplied through the channel 74 through the windows 64. Then the piston 67 roizvodit compression stroke. At the beginning of the expansion stroke, nozzles are opened: combined-cycle 24 and fuel 73. A portion of fuel and a portion of combined-gas working fluid having a temperature of more than 1000 K are introduced through them. The fuel mixes with compressed air and spontaneously ignites. The combustion products in the cylinder 65 form, together with the gas-vapor working fluid introduced from the steam generator 8, doubled its volume at high pressure close to the pressure in the steam generator and moderate temperature. This version of the engine has the greatest power. An advantage of engines equipped with a turbocompressor 60 and a condenser 21 is that the gas-vapor working fluid, after the turbine 61, is condensed in the condenser 21, from where the water is returned through the condensate channel 22 to the liquid external cooling system 18; almost all the heat of the liquid external cooling system 18 is recovered in the steam generator 8; cylinder 65 and piston 67 operate at low temperatures, i.e. they are durable; the efficiency is high, since the stroke of the preliminary expansion or injection of the working fluid into the cylinder 65 is isothermal and isobaric, and the expansion stroke is adiabatic, which corresponds to the expansion strokes in the Carnot cycle.

5.4. The valveless converter 66 with exhaust ports 64 operating on the products of combustion produced in the combustion chamber of the cylinder 65 does not require special acid-resistant steels. He also does not need acid-resistant steels if the second working fluid is the products of combustion produced in the external combustion chamber 4. Moreover, the steam can be used as a working fluid for a turbocompressor, see figure 2, item 35.

5.5. There are many more options for the steam-gas engine, including valve distribution of the working fluid, four-stroke converters and many other options.

The disadvantage of a combined cycle engine is the use of large amounts of water. But it replaces half the fuel! The use of a condenser and / or dehumidifier allows the reuse of water. The second drawback is the heat-insulating shirt. But it is inexpensive. Obviously, after testing the engine, it will remain only on the steam generator. low temperature of the working fluid will reduce the average temperature of the converters in 2 ... 3 times.

The advantages of the proposed steam-gas engine options are as follows: thermal efficiency of more than 60% at a maximum working fluid temperature of 1000ºС.

Fuel consumption is 1.5 times less than that of a diesel engine and 2 times less than that of a gasoline engine, due to the use of about four liters of water per liter of fuel.

Any liquid fuel is applicable, and without changing the power system.

The power is more than two times higher due to high efficiency, the use of rotary converters and due to the full two-stroke operation of the cylinders, because their working stroke is extended to 180 degrees, and in cylinders with purge windows - up to 160 degrees, due to purging with high air pressure.

Oil consumption is reduced by 30%, due to the elimination of oil pollution by gas in the compressor and by halving the number of working cylinders in the converter.

Rotor and other multi-cylinder engines do not require idle speed, as are started by the working fluid accumulated in the receiver-steam generator.

Use a deep expansion of the gas-vapor working fluid.

They are a good laboratory for comparative testing of various types of transducers.

Structurally, they are not complicated, because more and more complex assemblies and parts (valves, gears, camshaft, starter, fan, battery, starting engine, powerful electric generator, etc.) are eliminated than are introduced (steam generator with an external combustion chamber, low-power generator for lighting, electrically controlled nozzles, thermal insulation, condenser and water tank).

The start-up system is pneumatic, and is not required in multi-cylinder and rotary engines.

Instantly gaining full power. Because the average pressure in the cylinders of the transducers may be equal to the maximum pressure, for example 9.6 MPa, for a long time. This is with the extended opening of the gas-vapor nozzle 24.

No gearbox required the torque is comparable to the maximum torque of the gearbox of equal engine power, which is ensured by filling the cylinders with a working fluid throughout the entire working cycle. Or is provided by creating a pressure of 4.5 i.e. on a piston with a diameter of 80 mm (Lada), on the entire working stroke. And many other advantages.

Information sources

1. Mikhailovsky EV, Serebryakov KV, Automobiles. - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1968, p. 70-74. Liquid cooling system, Fig. 58.

2. Heat engineering, edited by V. Krutov. - M.: Mechanical Engineering 1986, p. 222, Fig. 5.3. 3. - US Patent N 4281626.

Claims (25)

1. A piston engine containing a converter for converting the energy of the working fluid into mechanical energy, a fuel pump, a hydraulic pump, characterized in that it is equipped with an external combustion chamber remote from the converter, a steam generator and a compressor, the compressor being pneumatically connected to an external combustion chamber, which through the steam generator it is connected to the converter, and the fuel pump is hydraulically connected to the external combustion chamber, the hydraulic pump is hydraulically connected to the steam generator. 2. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the external combustion chamber is located in the steam generator. 3. The engine according to any one of claims 1, 2, characterized in that the external combustion chamber is equipped with a gas chamber separating the combustion products from the steam. 4. The engine according to claim 3, characterized in that the gas chamber has a volume of more than twenty cyclic volumes of the Converter. 5. The engine according to any one of paragraphs.1, 2, characterized in that the steam generator has a volume of more than twenty cyclic volumes of the Converter. 6. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that an air cooler is installed between the compression stages of the compressible air. 7. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with an external liquid cooling system. 8. The engine according to claim 7, characterized in that the external liquid cooling system is hydraulically connected to the hydraulic pump. 9. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a heat-insulating jacket. 10. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a turbocharger. 11. The engine of claim 10, wherein the turbocharger is pneumatically connected to the converter and the compressor. 12. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the compressor and the converter are combined in one unit. 13. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the converter has an oil boat separate from the compressor. 14. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the converter is equipped with exhaust windows. 15. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that it has one external combustion chamber for several converters. 16. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the supply of fuel, coolant and working fluid are adjustable. 17. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the converter is made in the form of a Kazantsev air motor. 18. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the converter is made in the form of an adiabatic Kazantsev engine. 19. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the converter is made in the form of a diesel engine. 20. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the converter is made in the form of a Wankel engine. 21. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the converter is made in the form of a rotary engine. 22. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the converter is made in the form of a Stirling engine. 23. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the compressor is made piston. 24. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the compressor is made turbine. 25. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the compressor is made centrifugal.

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