RU2412427C2 - Non-contact detonating fuse (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapon and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: laser is installed on head that quickly rotates under action of approach air flow, having one or two additional pairs "laser-photodetector", directed closer to longitudinal axis of carrier, compared to main pair. And main pair is directed at the angle to longitudinal axis, equal to arc tangent of quotient from speed of emission of damage agents of charge and speed of carrier.

EFFECT: increased frequency of rotation, making it possible to smoothly react at small-size targets, prevention of untimely actuation with trajectory of direct hitting.

7 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to laser contactless fuses for anti-aircraft and other missiles and shells (hereinafter - the "carrier").

Known non-contact laser fuses, consisting of a semiconductor laser and a photodetector of reflected radiation, see, for example, US Pat. Russia 75027, in particular, a fuse for the Pantsir anti-aircraft complex missile, see admin.sfw.org.na/index.php?newsid=1148787620.

It has four drawbacks:

1. Low rotational speed (together with a rocket), which does not allow to respond flawlessly to small targets, such as unmanned aerial vehicles less than a meter in size.

2. Insufficiently accurate orientation to the sector of expansion of the striking elements, taking into account the speed of the carrier itself.

3. The possibility of premature operation in the direct hit trajectory (see figure 1).

4. The possibility of false alarms when flying near water or land (see figure 2).

Invention 1.

The essence of the invention is that the laser and the photodetector are located on a head or clip rotating under the action of an incoming air flow. As a result, the speed of rotation of the laser increases significantly, and the laser draws in space a very dense spiral through which even the smallest unmanned vehicle will not fly (see figure 3).

The same device can be driven by an electric power generator.

Invention 2.

The essence of the invention is that the laser is directed not perpendicular to the flight path (i.e., the axis of the carrier), but at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the carrier equal to the arctangent of the quotient of the scattering speed of the striking elements and the speed of the carrier, that is, in the middle of the scattering sector of the striking elements with given the speed of the projectile itself.

Invention 3.

The essence of the invention is that the laser is located in front of the charge at a distance equal to the product of the carrier velocity by the delay time of the electronic circuit and the pyrotechnic fuse. Or, the laser is directed closer to the longitudinal axis than it was in accordance with the previous invention, that is, closer than the direction of the middle of the expansion sector of the striking elements.

The last two conditions ensure the spread of the striking elements exactly in the direction of the target, which will allow to shoot down, including shells of caliber 40-57 mm, and smaller targets.

Invention 4.

Its essence is that to prevent premature or false operation of the fuse, it has a second or several pairs of "laser-photodetector", aimed in the gap between the longitudinal axis of the carrier and the direction of the main pair of "laser-receiver". The signal of the additional pair blocks with the electronic key the signal of the main photodetector or the operation of the main laser. Moreover, the blocking photodetector acts on a faster key than the electronic fuse element (for example, an amplifier). In addition, the blocking key has an off delay device (time relay).

Or an additional pair of "laser-photodetector" is located with an angular shift forward in the direction of rotation. In this case, the blocking electronic key should all the more have a delay shutdown device.

That is, as long as the additional “laser-photodetector” pair sees the target in the same longitudinal plane as the main pair, there will be no explosion. The fuse waits until the carrier flies closer or a direct hit occurs. An explosion will occur when an additional photodetector loses its target, and the main one sees.

By the same principle, an explosion is blocked near water or land.

In the oncoming and after shooting, the deviation of the additional pair from the longitudinal axis of the carrier should be small (about ten degrees), and in side shooting it should be more significant (about 30 degrees).

Therefore, the fuse may have two additional pairs of "laser-photodetector" and a switch for their use. The switch can be made in the form of a friction ring on the surface of the carrier, which is automatically rotated by the corresponding device when it is necessary to switch before loading or already in the barrel before firing.

Figure 1 shows the case of a premature projectile explosion at point C when the laser beam was reflected from target C. If the projectile continued flying, it would hit the point of direct impact of the PP or could explode at a much closer distance from the target. The dotted line shows the direction of the laser beam and the reflected signal.

Figure 2 shows the case of false operation of the fuse when the laser beam is reflected from water or earth. If the projectile continued flying, it would hit the anti-ship missile P at the point of direct impact of the PP or explode at a much closer distance from the target.

Figure 3 shows the rotating head 1 of the carrier having the main pair of "laser-photodetector" 2 directed at an angle specified in the invention 2. On the head there is also an additional pair of "laser-photodetector" 3 directed at a smaller angle to the longitudinal axis of the carrier and directed with a phase shift forward relative to the direction of rotation of approximately five degrees. On the head there are 4 fins for aerodynamic spin. Inside the head there is an electric generator (not shown).

Figure 4 shows a block diagram of the fuse in figure 3, where: OF - the main photodetector 5, DF - additional photodetector 6, US - amplifier 7, K electronic key 8, ultrasonic protection - capacitor as a delay device for turning off the electronic key 9, T - cocking timer 10, PV - pyrotechnic fuse 11.

The fuse in FIGS. 3, 4 works like this: due to the ribs 4, the head quickly rotates in the air stream. When approaching a target or when flying near water, the additional DF photodetector is the first to detect an obstacle and, through the K key, blocks the possibility of an explosion upon subsequent detection of an obstacle by the PF main photodetector.

An additional photodetector, due to the phase advance, will sooner lose the signal from the obstacle, and so that there will not be an explosion, the key K is held in a closed position by a charge on the ultrasonic capacitor for some time (approximately 10 degrees in phase).

An explosion will occur if an additional laser beam passes an obstacle and the main laser beam detects it. This means that the target emerged from the cone described in space by an additional laser, say 20 degrees from the longitudinal axis of the carrier, but remained in the cone of the main laser, say 70 degrees from the longitudinal axis, and therefore remained in the cone of the most effective explosion damage .

Since the additional DF photodetector lost its target, its key K remained open. The charging timer T by this time should open its key K. And then the signal of the main photodetector OF, amplified by the US amplifier, will freely pass through the keys K-K and reach the pyrotechnic fuse PV. There will be an explosion.

If the carrier flies along a direct hit path, an additional pair of “laser-photodetector” will not allow an explosion to occur until it touches an obstacle, after which a regular fuse should work.

In mass production, fuses will have the size, weight and cost of electronic watches and will dramatically increase the efficiency of all types of media, especially anti-aircraft shells.

Claims (7)

1. A non-contact fuse containing a laser and a photodetector, characterized in that the laser and photodetector are located on a head or holder rotating under the influence of an incoming air stream. 2. The fuse according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotating head has an electric generator. 3. A non-contact fuse containing a laser and a photodetector, characterized in that the laser is directed at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the carrier, equal to the arctangent of the quotient of the scattering speed of the striking elements and the speed of the carrier. 4. A non-contact fuse containing a laser and a photodetector, characterized in that the laser is located ahead of the charge at a distance equal to the product of the carrier velocity by the delay time of the electronic circuit and the pyrotechnic fuse, or the laser is directed closer to the longitudinal axis than is necessary according to the previous invention , that is, closer than the direction of the middle of the expansion sector of the striking elements. 5. A non-contact fuse containing a laser and a photodetector, characterized in that it has a second or several laser-photodetector pairs, directed between the longitudinal axis of the carrier and the direction of the main laser-photodetector pair, blocks the signal of the additional pair using electronic the key signal of the main photodetector or the operation of the main laser, and the blocking photodetector acts on a faster key than the electronic fuse element (for example, an amplifier), in addition, the blocker The master key has an off delay device (time relay). 6. The fuse according to claim 5, characterized in that the two additional pairs of "laser-photodetector" are connected through a switch that is switched before loading or before firing. 7. The fuse according to claim 6, characterized in that the switch is a friction ring on the surface of the carrier.

Images