RU2409831C1 - Optical dephasing apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: information technology. ^ SUBSTANCE: apparatus includes an optical Y-splitter, a first optical n-output splitter, a first linear transparency filter, a group of optical Y-splitters, an optical defined integrator, a second linear transparency filter, an optical phase modulator, an optical n-output splitter, a group of optical Y-couplers, a group of photodetectors, a group of piezoelectric elements, a second optical n-output splitter, a third linear transparency filter, a group of pairs of optically linked waveguides, an optical n-input coupler. The output of a coherent radiation source is connected to the input of the first optical Y-splitter, whose output is connected to the input of the first optical n-output splitter, and the second output is connected to the input of the second optical n-output splitter, outputs of the first optical n-output splitter are connected to corresponding inputs of the first linear transparency filter, whose outputs are connected to inputs of the corresponding optical Y-splitter, second outputs of the optical Y-splitter are connected to corresponding inputs of the optical undefined integrator, and the first outputs of the optical Y-splitter are connected to corresponding inputs of the optical defined integrator, the output of which is connected to the input of the second linear transparency filter, whose output is connected to the input of the optical phase modulator, whose output is connected to the input of the optical n-output splitter, whose outputs are connected to first inputs of the corresponding optical Y-couplers, and the outputs of the optical undefined integrator are connected to second inputs of the corresponding optical Y-couplers, whose outputs are connected to inputs of the corresponding photodetectors, whose outputs are connected to control inputs of corresponding piezoelectric elements, outputs of the second optical n-output splitter are connected to corresponding inputs of the third linear transparency filter, whose outputs are connected to inputs of corresponding first optical waveguides of the group of optically linked waveguides, which are integrated into corresponding piezoelectric elements, outputs of the first optical waveguides of the group of optically linked waveguides are connected to corresponding inputs of the optical n-input coupler, and outputs of the second optical waveguides of the group of optically linked waveguides are absorbing outputs, the output of the optical n-input coupler is the output optical dephasing apparatus. ^ EFFECT: simple design and high speed of the calculation process. ^ 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to computer technology and can be used in optical information processing devices built on the basis of continuous (fuzzy) logic.

Known optical computing device for multiplying optical signals, containing an optical RS-trigger, banners, an optical Y-coupler, three optical bistable elements, optical waveguides with ring branches, optical amplifiers, an optical comparator, a frequency filter [US Pat. RU 2022328 C1, 1994, Optical Multiplier. S.V.Sokolov].

The essential features of the analogue common with the claimed device are as follows: optical Y-splitter, optical transparency.

The disadvantages of the above device are the complexity and inability to calculate a clear value of the output linguistic variable (or numbers on a predetermined scale of the output linguistic variable) after the procedure for aggregating all terms of this linguistic variable as a result of a fuzzy-logical conclusion.

A known optical computing device is a nonlinear power converter [US Pat. RU 1774323 C1, 1992, Optical Functional Converter. SVSokolov], comprising a radiation source, optical Y-splitters, an optical linear modulator, an optical transparency, an optical combiner.

The essential features of an analogue that are common with the claimed device are as follows: a radiation source, an optical transparency, an optical Y-splitter, an optical combiner, an output of a radiation source is connected to an input of an optical Y-splitter, each output of an optical transparency is connected to an input of a corresponding optical Y-splitter.

The disadvantages of the above device are the complexity and inability to calculate a clear value of the output linguistic variable (or numbers on a predetermined scale of the output linguistic variable) after the procedure for aggregating all terms of this linguistic variable as a result of a fuzzy-logical conclusion.

Known optical computing device is an optical integrator that performs the function of indefinite integration, implemented in the form of a Fourier integrator described in [Akayev A.A. Optical methods of information processing / A.A. Akayev, S.A. Mayorov. - M .: Higher school, 1988. - 236 p., Page 168, Fig.6.2], adopted as a prototype. The prototype contains a source of coherent flat luminous flux, two sequentially arranged Fourier transform systems, information input devices, a spatial operational filter, and an output data detector.

The essential features of the prototype, common with the claimed invention, are as follows: a coherent radiation source, two sequentially located Fourier transform systems and a spatial operational filter.

The disadvantages of the above prototype are the impossibility of calculating a clear value of the output linguistic variable (or numbers on a predetermined scale of the output linguistic variable) after the procedure for aggregating all terms of this linguistic variable as a result of fuzzy-logical inference.

The objective of the invention is the creation of an optical defuzzifier, which allows to increase the computational productivity of the defuzzification process to 10 ³ -10 ⁶ operations per second while simplifying the design and composition of the defuzzifier.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the first optical Y-splitter, the first optical n-output splitter, the first linear optical transparency, the group of optical Y-splitters, the optical specific integrator, the second linear optical transparency, the optical phase modulator, the optical n-output are introduced into it splitter, a group of optical Y-combiners, a group of photodetectors, a group of piezoelectric elements, a second optical n-output splitter, a third linear optical transparency, a group of pairs of optically coupled of the waveguides, an optical n-input combiner, the output of the coherent radiation source is connected to the input of the first optical Y-splitter, the first output of which is connected to the input of the first optical n-output splitter, and the second output is connected to the input of the second optical n-output splitter, outputs of the first optical n-output splitter connected to the corresponding inputs of the first linear optical banner, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the corresponding optical Y-couplers, the second outputs The optical Y-couplers are connected to the corresponding inputs of the optical indefinite integrator, and the first outputs of the optical Y-couplers are connected to the corresponding inputs of the optical specific integrator, the output of which is connected to the input of the second linear optical transparency, the output of which is connected to the input of the optical phase modulator, the output of which is connected to the input of the optical n-output splitter, the outputs of which are connected to the first inputs of the corresponding optical Y-combiners, and the output The optical indefinite integrator is connected to the second inputs of the corresponding optical Y-combiners, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the corresponding photodetectors, the outputs of which are connected to the control inputs of the corresponding piezoelectric elements, the outputs of the second optical n-output splitter are connected to the corresponding inputs of the third linear optical transparency, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the corresponding first optical waveguides of the group of optically coupled waveguides integrated to the corresponding piezoelectric, the outputs of the first group of optical waveguides optically coupled waveguides are connected to respective inputs of an optical combiner n-input, and the outputs of the second group of optical waveguides optically coupled waveguides are absorbing, n-output optical combiner is the output of the input optical defazzifikatora.

In order to achieve a technical result, an optical Y-coupler, a first optical n-output splitter, a first linear optical transparency, are additionally introduced into an optical defuzzifier containing two sequentially located Fourier transform systems and a spatial operational filter, which form an optical indefinite integrator, a coherent radiation source. optical Y-couplers, optical specific integrator, second linear optical transparency, optical phase modulator, optical n-output splitter, a group of optical Y-combiners, a group of photodetectors, a group of piezoelectric elements, a second optical n-output splitter, a third linear optical transparency, a group of pairs of optically coupled waveguides, an optical n-input combiner, the output of a coherent radiation source is connected to the input of the first optical Y-splitter, the first output of which is connected to the input of the first optical n-output splitter, and the second output is connected to the input of the second optical n-output splitter tweeter, the outputs of the first optical n-output splitter are connected to the corresponding inputs of the first linear optical transparency, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the corresponding optical Y-couplers, the second outputs of the optical Y-couplers are connected to the corresponding inputs of the optical indefinite integrator, and the first outputs of the optical Y-couplers connected to the corresponding inputs of the optical specific integrator, the output of which is connected to the input of the second linear optical transparen a, the output of which is connected to the input of the optical phase modulator, the output of which is connected to the input of the optical n-output splitter, the outputs of which are connected to the first inputs of the corresponding optical Y-combiners, and the outputs of the optical indefinite integrator are connected to the second inputs of the corresponding optical Y-combiners, the outputs which are connected to the inputs of the respective photodetectors, the outputs of which are connected to the control inputs of the corresponding piezoelectric elements, the outputs of the second optical n-output the couplers are connected to the corresponding inputs of the third linear optical transparency, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the corresponding first optical waveguides of the group of optically coupled waveguides integrated into the corresponding piezoelectric elements, the outputs of the first optical waveguides of the group of optically coupled waveguides are connected to the corresponding inputs of the optical n-input combiner, and the outputs of the second optical waveguides a group of optically coupled waveguides are absorbing, the output of optical a traveling combiner is the output of an optical defuzzifier.

Optical defuzzifier is a device designed to calculate a clear value of the output linguistic variable (or number on a predetermined scale of the output linguistic variable) after the procedure for aggregating all terms of this linguistic variable as a result of a fuzzy-logical conclusion. The calculation of the clear value (number) of the output linguistic variable is performed by the optoelectronic defuzzifier according to the median method, the value of y _{out of} which is determined from the integral equation:

where y _out is the desired clear value of the output linguistic variable (the point at which the surface area bounded by the y axis and the function μ (y _Σ ) is halved; y _OUT ∈ [y ₁ , y ₂ );

y ₁ , y ₂ - respectively, the smallest and largest values of the argument of the function µ (y _Σ ) from the domain of its definition;

µ (y _Σ ) is the resulting membership function of the output linguistic variable y.

Functional diagram of the optical defuzzifier shown in the drawing.

Optical defuzzifier contains:

- 1 - a source of flat coherent radiation (IKI) with an amplitude of (2 + K) × n conv (ov) units (units);

- 2 - an optical Y-splitter having a branching coefficient of 2 × n / (2 + K) × n = 2 × (2 + K) ^-1 at the first output, and K × n / (2 + K) at the second output × n = K × (2 + K) ^-1 ;

- 3 - optical n-output splitter;

- 4 - linear optical transparency (LOT) T1 with a transmission function proportional to the membership function µ (y _Σ );

- 5 ₁ , 5 ₂ , ..., 5n - n optical Y-splitters;

- 6 - an optical integrator that performs the function of a certain integration, which can be implemented in the form of an optical n-input combiner or a focusing lens (hereinafter referred to as optical specific integrator (OOI));

- 7 - linear optical transparency T2 with a transmission function equal to 1/2;

- 8 - optical phase modulator (OFM), providing a constant phase shift of the optical stream by π;

- 9 - optical n-output splitter;

- 10 - an optical integrator that performs the function of indefinite integration, which can be implemented as a Fourier integrator described in [Akayev A.A. Optical methods of information processing / A.A. Akayev, S.A. Mayorov. - M .: Higher school, 1988. - 236 p., Page 168, Fig. 6.1] (hereinafter referred to as the optical indefinite integrator (NII));

- 11 ₁ , 11 ₂ , ..., 11 _n - n optical Y-combiners;

- 12 ₁ , 12 ₂ , ..., 12 _n - n photodetectors (FP);

- 13 - optical n-output splitter;

- 14 - linear optical transparency T3 with a transmission function, which ensures that when all of its inputs receive a constant stream with an amplitude of K srvc. units the amplitude of the optical flows at its outputs, which coincides with the integer values of the linear function (1, 2, ..., n) conv. units;

- 15 ₁₁ , 15 ₁₂ , 15 ₂₁ , 15 ₂₂ , ..., 15 _n1 , 15 _n2 - n pairs of optically coupled waveguides (OSV);

- 16 ₁ , 16 ₂ , ..., 16 _n - n piezoelectric elements (PE), into which the corresponding pairs of WWS 15 ₁₁ , 15 ₁₂ , 15 ₂₁ , 15 ₂₂ , ..., 15 _n1 , 15 _n2 are integrated in such a way that in the absence of the control input PE of the control signal that changes the distance between the OCB, there is no optical coupling in the pairs of the OCB, appearing only when the control signal is above the threshold level of PE operation;

- 17 - optical n-input combiner.

The output of IRI 1 is connected to the input of the optical Y-splitter 2, the first output of which is connected to the input of the optical n-output splitter 3, and the second output is connected to the input of the n-output splitter 13. Each output 3 ₁ , 3 ₂ , ..., 3 _{n of the} optical n-output splitter 3 is connected to the corresponding input of LOT 4, the output of which is connected to the inputs of the corresponding optical Y-splitters 5 ₁ , 5 ₂ , ..., 5 _n . The first outputs of the optical Y-couplers 5 ₁ , 5 ₂ , ..., 5 _{n are} connected to the corresponding inputs of the OOI 6, the output of which is connected to the input of the LOT 7. The output of the LOT 7 is connected to the input of the OFM 8. The output of the OFM 8 is connected to the input of the optical n-output splitter 9, the corresponding outputs 9 ₁ , 9 ₂ , ..., 9 _{n of} which are connected to the first inputs of the optical Y-combiners 11 ₁ , 11 ₂ , ..., 11 _n . The second outputs of the optical Y-couplers 5 ₁ , 5 ₂ , ..., 5 _{n are} connected to the corresponding inputs of the NOI 10, the corresponding outputs of which are connected to the second inputs of the optical Y-combiners 11 ₁ , 11 _2, ..., 11 _n . The outputs of the optical Y-combiners 11 ₁ , 11 ₂ , ..., 11 _{n are} connected to the inputs of the corresponding phase transitions 12 ₁ , 12 ₂ , ..., 12 _n . The output of each FP 12 ₁ , 12 ₂ , ..., 12 _{n is} connected to the control input of the corresponding PE 16 ₁ , 16 ₂ , ..., 16 _n . The outputs 13 ₁ , 13 ₂ , ..., 13 _{n of the} optical n-output splitter 13 are connected to the inputs of the LOT 14, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the first optical waveguides 15 ₁₁ , 15 ₂₁ , ..., 15 _n1 , optically coupled to the second optical waveguides 15 ₁₂ , 15 ₂₂ , ..., 15 _n2 , in the corresponding pairs of WWS. The outputs of the second optical waveguides 15 ₁₂ , 15 ₂₂ , ..., 15 _{n2 of the} corresponding _OSB pairs are absorbing. The outputs of the first optical waveguides 15 ₁₁ , 15 ₂₁ , ..., 15 _{n1 OSB} pairs are connected to the corresponding inputs 17 ₁ , 17 ₂ , ..., 17 _{n of the} optical n-input combiner 17, the output of which is the output of the device.

, поступает через ЛОТ 7 с функцией пропускания, равной 1/2, на вход ОФМ 8, сдвигающего фазу светового потока на π. С выхода ОФМ 8 инвертированный плоский световой поток поступает на вход оптического n-выходного разветвителя 9, с каждого выхода которого 9₁, 9₂, …, 9_n снимается оптический поток с амплитудой, пропорциональной

. Данные световые потоки поступают на первые входы соответствующих оптических Y-объединителей 11₁, 11₂,…, 11_n.The operation of the optical defuzzifier occurs as follows. From the output of IKI 1 coherent flat light flux with an amplitude of (2 + K) × n conv. units arrives at the input of an optical Y-splitter 2, from the first output of which an optical stream with an amplitude of 2 × n conv. units, and from the second output - the luminous flux with an amplitude of K × n srvc. units Optical flow with an amplitude of 2 × n conv. units arrives at the input of the optical n-output splitter 3. From each output 3 ₁ , 3 ₂ , ..., 3 _n - of the output splitter 3, an optical stream with an amplitude of 2 srvc. units arrives at the corresponding input of LOT 4 with a transmission function proportional to the membership function µ (y _Σ ). At the output of LOT 4, a planar optical stream is formed with an amplitude proportional to 2 × n × µ (y _Σ ). This optical stream, passing through the optical Y-splitters 5 ₁ , 5 ₂ , ..., 5 _n , branches into two parts. The first part of the branched plane stream with an amplitude proportional to n × µ (y _Σ ) is supplied to the corresponding inputs of the OOI 6, and the second part of the stream with the same amplitude is supplied to the corresponding inputs of the OOI 10. From the output of the OOI 6, a flat light stream with an amplitude proportional to

arrives through LOT 7 with a transmission function equal to 1/2 to the input of OFM 8, which shifts the phase of the light flux by π. From the output of OFM 8, the inverted flat luminous flux arrives at the input of the optical n-output splitter 9, from each output of which 9 ₁ , 9 ₂ , ..., 9 _{n an} optical flux with an amplitude proportional to

. These light fluxes arrive at the first inputs of the corresponding optical Y-combiners 11 ₁ , 11 ₂ , ..., 11 _n .

, поступает на вторые входы соответствующих оптических Y-объединителей 11₁, 11₂,…, 11_n.From the output of NII 10, a flat luminous flux with a spatial amplitude proportional to the OY axis

arrives at the second inputs of the corresponding optical Y-combiners 11 ₁ , 11 ₂ , ..., 11 _n .

, а на вторые входы - оптические потоки с амплитудами, пропорциональными по оси OY

(для каждого конкретного значения y_i из области определения функции

. Интерферируя, данные световые потоки формируют на входе соответствующего фотоприемника 12₁, 12₂,…, 12_n поток оптического излучения с интенсивностью

. Наименьший по интенсивности (равный нулю) поток формируется на входе того ФП 12_к, где выполнено условие, описываемое формулой (1). Сигналы с выходов ФП 12₁, 12₂, …, 12_n поступают на управляющие входы соответствующих ПЭ 16₁, 16₂, …, 16_n.Thus, the first inputs of the optical Y-combiners 11 ₁ , 11 ₂ , ..., 11 _n receive phase-shifted optical flows with π amplitudes proportional to a certain integral -

and to the second inputs - optical flows with amplitudes proportional to the OY axis

(for each specific value of y _i from the function definition domain

. Interfering, these light fluxes form at the input of the corresponding photodetector 12 ₁ , 12 ₂ , ..., 12 _{n a} stream of optical radiation with an intensity

. The lowest in intensity (equal to zero) flow is formed at the input of that FP 12 _k , where the condition described by formula (1) is satisfied. The signals from the outputs of the FP 12 ₁ , 12 ₂ , ..., 12 _n are fed to the control inputs of the corresponding PE 16 ₁ , 16 ₂ , ..., 16 _n .

At the same time, an optical stream with an amplitude of K × n srvc. units from the second output of the optical Y-splitter 2 is fed to the input of the optical n-output splitter 13, at each output of which an optical stream with an amplitude K conv. units These n flows with amplitude K srvc. units arrive at the corresponding inputs of LOT 14, forming light fluxes at its outputs with an amplitude proportional to the number of its input (or output) - 1, 2, ... n conv. units Further, these optical streams are fed to the input of the corresponding first optical waveguide 15 ₁₁ , 15 ₂₁ , ..., 15 _{n1 OSB} pairs.

That PE 16 _i , at the control input of which there will be a zero signal (which is equivalent to fulfilling the condition described by formula (1)), will not change the initial distance between the OSB 15 _i1 and 15 _i2 , which does not allow switching of the optical flux from the first optical waveguide 15 _i1 to the second optical waveguide 15 _i2 . This optical stream from the first optical waveguide 15 _i1 with an amplitude proportional to the input number with a zero signal is fed to the corresponding input of the optical n-input combiner 17 and then to the output of the device.

The remaining PEs 16 ₁ , 16 ₂ , ..., 16 _n , at the control inputs of which a non-zero signal will be present, will change the distances between the corresponding OSBs 15 ₁₁ , 15 ₁₂ , 15 ₂₁ , 15 ₂₂ , ..., 15 _{(i-1) 1} , 15 _{(i-1) 2} , 15 _{(i + 1) 1} , 15 _{(i + 1) 2} , ..., 15 _n1 , 15 _n2 , which will lead to switching of optical fluxes into the second corresponding optical waveguide waveguides and their further absorption.

Thus, an optical stream with an amplitude proportional to the value (number) of a clear value on the base scale of the output variable y from the condition described by formula (1) will be formed at the output of the optical n-input combiner 17.

The speed of the optical defuzzifier is determined mainly by the dynamic characteristics of the photodetectors and piezoelectric elements. Photodetectors, made in the traditional version based on photodiodes, have a cutoff frequency of the order of 10 ⁹ Hz, and the speed of the piezoelectric elements is of the order of 10 ⁸ Hz. For existing continuous-processing information processing systems, such a speed ensures their operation in almost real time.

Claims (1)

An optical defuzzifier containing two sequentially arranged Fourier transform systems and a spatial operational filter forming an indefinite optical integrator, a coherent radiation source, characterized in that the first optical Y-splitter, the first optical n-output splitter, the first linear optical transparency, are introduced into it optical Y-couplers, optical specific integrator, second linear optical transparency, optical phase modulator, optical n-output a new splitter, a group of optical Y-combiners, a group of photodetectors, a group of piezoelectric elements, a second optical n-output splitter, a third linear optical transparency, a group of pairs of optically coupled waveguides, an optical n-input combiner, the output of a coherent radiation source is connected to the input of the first optical Y- splitter, the first output of which is connected to the input of the first optical n-output splitter, and the second output is connected to the input of the second optical n-output splitter, the outputs of the first opt The optical n-output splitter is connected to the corresponding inputs of the first linear optical transparency, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the corresponding optical Y-couplers, the second outputs of the optical Y-couplers are connected to the corresponding inputs of the optical indefinite integrator, and the first outputs of the optical Y-couplers are connected to the corresponding inputs optical specific integrator, the output of which is connected to the input of the second linear optical banner, the output of which is connected to the input of the optical phase modulator, the output of which is connected to the input of the optical n-output splitter, the outputs of which are connected to the first inputs of the corresponding optical Y-combiners, and the outputs of the optical indefinite integrator are connected to the second inputs of the corresponding optical Y-combiners, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the corresponding photodetectors, the outputs of which are connected to the control inputs of the corresponding piezoelectric elements, the outputs of the second optical n-output splitter are connected to the corresponding inputs of the third linear optical transparency, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the corresponding first optical waveguides of the group of optically coupled waveguides integrated into the corresponding piezoelectric elements, the outputs of the first optical waveguides of the group of optically coupled waveguides are connected to the corresponding inputs of the optical n-input combiner, and the outputs of the second optical waveguides of the group optically coupled waveguides are absorbing; the output of the optical n-input combiner is with the output of an optical defuzzifier.