RU2408051C1 - Optoelectronic dephasing apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: device has two series-arranged Fourier transformation systems and an operational spatial filter, which form an optical indefinite integrator, a coherent radiation source, whose output is connected through a linear transparency filter to inputs of corresponding optical Y-splitters, whose second outputs are connected to corresponding inputs of the optical indefinite integrator, and first outputs of the optical Y-splitters are connected through series-connected optical indefinite integrator and second linear transparency filter to the input of an optical phase modulator, whose output is connected through an optical n-output splitter to first inputs of optical Y-couplers, outputs of the optical indefinite integrator are connected to second inputs of optical Y-couplers, whose outputs are connected through series-connected photodetectors and null indicators to inputs of an encoding device, whose outputs are the output of the device.

EFFECT: high computational efficiency of the dephasing process.

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Description

The present invention relates to computer technology and can be used in optical information processing devices built on the basis of continuous (fuzzy) logic.

Known defuzzifier, built on the basis of a microprocessor and containing encoders, comparators multiplexers, RAM, input / output device [Melikhov AN Design of microprocessor means for processing fuzzy information / A.N. Melikhov, V.D. Baronets. - Rostov-on-Don: Publishing house of the Rostov University, 1990. - 128 p.].

The essential features of an analogue common with the claimed device are as follows: encoder, comparators.

The disadvantages of the above defuzzifier are high complexity and low speed.

Known defuzzifier based on the device for the formation of fuzzy control action [Pat. RU 2110826 C1, IPC 6 G05B 13/02. A method of forming a fuzzy control action, a device for its implementation, a control method and a system for its implementation / Hajime Nishidai, Nobutomo Matsunaga. - No. 5011569/09; declared July 10, 1990, Fig. 4], containing comparators, functional circuits, a function generator, a minimum circuit, a maximum circuit, a center of gravity circuit, a marking voltage generation circuit, an arbitrary voltage generation circuit, switching function code blocks, a rule code fixing block.

The essential features of an analogue common with the claimed device are as follows: comparators.

The disadvantages of the above defuzzifier are high complexity and low speed.

Known optical computing device is an optical integrator that performs the function of indefinite integration, implemented in the form of a Fourier integrator described in [Akayev A.A. Optical methods of information processing / A.A. Akayev, S.A. Mayorov. - M .: Higher school, 1988. - 236 p., Page 168, Fig.6.2], adopted as a prototype. The prototype contains a source of coherent flat luminous flux, two sequentially arranged Fourier transform systems, information input devices, a spatial operational filter, and an output data detector.

The essential features of the prototype, common with the claimed invention, are as follows: a coherent radiation source, two sequentially located Fourier transform systems and a spatial operational filter.

The disadvantages of the above prototype is the inability to calculate a clear value of the output linguistic variable (or numbers on a predetermined scale of the output linguistic variable) after the procedure for aggregating all terms of this linguistic variable as a result of fuzzy-logical inference.

The objective of the invention is to increase the computational productivity of the defazzification process to 10 ⁵ -10 ⁶ operations per second while simplifying the design and composition of the defuzzifier.

The technical result is achieved by introducing the first linear optical transparency, a group of optical Y-couplers, an optical specific integrator, a second linear optical transparency, an optical phase modulator, an optical n-output coupler, a group of optical Y-combiners, a group of photodetectors, a group of zero -indicators, encoder, the output of the coherent radiation source is connected to the input of the first linear optical transparency, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the corresponding optical Y-p couplers, the second outputs of the optical Y-couplers are connected to the corresponding inputs of the optical indefinite integrator, and the first outputs of the optical Y-couplers are connected to the corresponding inputs of the optical specific integrator, the output of which is connected to the input of the second linear optical transparency, the output of which is connected to the input of the optical phase modulator, the output of which is connected to the input of the optical n-output splitter, the outputs of which are connected to the first inputs of the corresponding optical x Y-combiners, and the outputs of the optical indefinite integrator are connected to the second inputs of the corresponding optical Y-combiners, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the corresponding photodetectors, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the corresponding null indicators, and the outputs of the null indicators are connected to the corresponding inputs of the encoder, the outputs which are the output of the optoelectronic defuzzifier.

To achieve a technical result, a first linear optical transparency, a group of optical Y-couplers, an optical specific integrator, and a second linear optical transparency are additionally introduced into an optoelectronic defuzzifier containing two sequentially located Fourier transform systems and a spatial operational filter that form an optical indefinite integrator, a coherent radiation source. , optical phase modulator, optical n-output splitter, a group of optical Y-ob carriers, a group of photodetectors, a group of null indicators, an encoder, the output of a coherent radiation source is connected to the input of the first linear optical transparency, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the corresponding optical Y-couplers, the second outputs of the optical Y-couplers are connected to the corresponding inputs of the optical indefinite integrator, and the first outputs of the optical Y-couplers are connected to the corresponding inputs of the optical specific integrator, the output of which is connected to the input of the second line optical transparency, the output of which is connected to the input of the optical phase modulator, the output of which is connected to the input of the optical n-output splitter, the outputs of which are connected to the first inputs of the corresponding optical Y-combiners, and the outputs of the optical indefinite integrator are connected to the second inputs of the corresponding optical Y-combiners the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the respective photodetectors; the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the corresponding null indicators, and the outputs of the null indicators are connected to the corresponding inputs of the encoder, the outputs of which are the output of the optoelectronic defuzzifier.

Optoelectronic defuzzifier - a device designed to calculate a clear value of the output linguistic variable (or number on a predetermined scale of the output linguistic variable) after the procedure for aggregating all terms of this linguistic variable as a result of a fuzzy-logical conclusion. Calculation clear value (number) of the linguistic output variable optoelectronic defazzifikator performs the method the median value y _out which is determined from the integral equation:

where y _out is the desired clear value of the output linguistic variable (the point at which the surface area bounded by the y axis and the function µ (y _Σ ) is halved; y _out ∈ [y ₁ , y ₂ ]);

y ₁ , y ₂ - respectively, the smallest and largest values of the argument of the function µ (y _Σ ) from the domain of its definition;

µ (y _Σ ) is the resulting membership function of the output linguistic variable y.

Functional diagram of the optoelectronic defuzzifier shown in the drawing.

Optoelectronic defazzifier contains:

- 1 - a source of plane coherent radiation (IKI) with an amplitude of 2n conventional (unit) units (units);

- 2 - linear optical transparency (LOT) with a transmission function proportional to the membership function µ (at _Σ );

- 3 ₁ , 3 ₂ , ..., 3 _n - n optical Y-splitters;

- 4 - an optical integrator that performs the function of a specific integration, which can be implemented in the form of an optical n-input combiner or a focusing lens (hereinafter referred to as the optical specific integrator (UN));

- 5 - linear optical transparency (LOT) with a transmission function equal to 1/2;

- 6 - optical phase modulator (OFM), providing a constant phase shift of the optical stream by π;

- 7 - optical n-output splitter;

- 8 - an optical integrator that performs the function of indefinite integration, which can be implemented in the form of a Fourier integrator described in [Akaev A.A. Optical methods of information processing / A.A. Akayev, S.A. Mayorov. - M .: Higher school, 1988. - 236 p., Page 168, Fig. 6.1] (hereinafter referred to as the optical indefinite integrator (NII));

- 9 ₁ , 9 ₂ , ..., 9 _n - n optical Y-combiners;

- 10 ₁ , 10 ₂ , ..., 10 _n - n photodetectors (FP);

- 11 ₁ , 11 ₂ , ..., 11 _n - n comparators operating in the null indicator mode, which can be performed, for example, as described in [Scherba A. Anadigm Programmable Analog ICs: Using Configurable Analog Modules as part of AnadigmDesigner2 / A. Scherba // Components and technologies. - 2007. - No. 12. - C.13, Fig. 6.] (hereinafter - zero indicators (NI));

- 12 - the encoder, which, when a single signal is input to its input from the output of the corresponding null indicator, produces at the output a binary number corresponding to the value (number) of a clear value on the base scale of the output variable y.

The output of IRI 1 is connected to the input of the linear optical transparency 2, the output of which is connected to the inputs of the corresponding optical Y-splitters 3 ₁ , 3 ₂ , ..., 3 _n . The first outputs of the optical Y-couplers 3 ₁ , 3 ₂ , ..., 3 _{n are} connected to the corresponding inputs of the optical specific integrator 4, the output of which is connected to the input of the linear optical banner 5. The output of the linear optical banner 5 is connected to the input of the optical phase modulator 6. Optical output phase modulator 6 is connected to the input of the optical n-output splitter 7, the corresponding outputs 7 ₁ , 7 ₂ , ..., 7 _{n of} which are connected to the first inputs of the optical Y-combiners 9 ₁ , 9 ₂ , ..., 9 _n . The second outputs of the optical Y-couplers 3 ₁ , 3 ₂ , ..., 3 _{n are} connected to the corresponding inputs of the indefinite integrator 8, the corresponding outputs of which are connected to the second inputs of the optical Y-combiners 9 ₁ , 9 ₂ , ..., 9 _n . The outputs of the optical Y-combiners 9 ₁ , 9 ₂ , ..., 9 _{n are} connected to the inputs of the respective photodetectors 10 ₁ , 10 ₂ , ..., 10 _n . The output of each photodetector 10 ₁ , 10 ₂ , ..., 10 _{n is} connected to the input of the corresponding null indicator 11 ₁ , 11 ₂ , ..., 11 _n . The output of each null indicator 1 11 ₁ , 11 ₂ , ..., 11 _{n is} connected to the corresponding input of the encoder 12, the outputs 12 ⁰ , 12 ¹ , ..., 12 ^{m of} which are the output of the device.

The operation of the device is as follows. From the output of IKI 1 coherent flat light flux with an amplitude of 2n conv. arrives at LOT 2 with a transmission function proportional to the membership function µ (y _Σ ), at the outputs of which a flat optical stream with an amplitude proportional to 2nµ (y _Σ ) is formed. This optical stream, passing through the optical Y-splitters 3 ₁ , 3 ₂ , ..., 3 _n , branches into two parts. The first part of the branched planar stream with an amplitude proportional to nµ (at _Σ ) is supplied to the corresponding inputs of the OOI 4, and the second part of the stream with the same amplitude is supplied to the corresponding inputs of the OOI 8. From the output of the OOI 4, a flat light stream with an amplitude proportional to

enters through LOT 5 with a transmission function equal to 1/2 to the input of OFM 6, which shifts the phase of the light flux by π. From the output of OFM 6, the inverted flat luminous flux arrives at the input of the optical n-output splitter 7, from each output of which 7 ₁ , 7 ₂ , ..., 7 _{n the} optical flux with an amplitude proportional to -

These light fluxes arrive at the first inputs of the corresponding optical Y-combiners 9 ₁ , 9 ₂ , ..., 9 _n .

From the output of NII 8, a flat luminous flux with a spatial amplitude proportional to the OY ∫µ (y _Σ ) dy axis is fed to the second inputs of the corresponding optical Y-combiners 9 ₁ , 9 ₂ , ..., 9 _n .

Thus, the first inputs of the optical Y-combiners 9 ₁ , 9 ₂ , ..., 9 _n receive optical flows shifted in phase by π with amplitudes proportional to a certain integral

and to the second inputs, optical flows with amplitudes proportional along the axis OY ∫µ (y _Σ ) dy (for each specific value of y _i from the domain of the function µ (y _Σ ) -

Интерферируя данные световые, потоки формируют на входе соответствующего фотоприемника 10₁, 10₂, …, 10_n поток оптического излучения с интенсивностью

Interfering these light, the fluxes form at the input of the corresponding photodetector 10 ₁ , 10 ₂ , ..., 10 _{n a} stream of optical radiation with an intensity

The lowest intensity (equal to zero) stream is formed at the input of that photodetector 10 _k , where the condition described by formula (1) is satisfied. The signals from the outputs of the photodetectors 10 ₁ , 10 ₂ , ..., 10 _n are fed to the inputs of the corresponding null indicators 11 ₁ , 11 ₂ , ..., 11 _n . That zero indicator, at the input of which there will be a zero signal, generates a logical “1” signal at its output. This signal is fed to the corresponding input of the encoder 12, which at its outputs 12 ⁰ , 12 ¹ , ..., 12 ^m forms a binary number corresponding to the value (number) of a clear value on the base scale of the output variable y from the condition described by formula (1).

The speed of the optoelectronic defuzzifier is determined by the dynamic characteristics of photodetectors, comparators in the mode of null indicators and an encoder. Photodetectors, made in the traditional version based on photodiodes, have a cutoff frequency of the order of 10 ⁹ Hz. FPGA-based null indicators (PAIS) have a speed of about 2.5-3 μs. The encoder, built on the basis of the TTLSh logic (IMS 155, 555 series), has a delay time of about 9-9.5 ns. For existing continuous-processing information processing systems, such a speed ensures their operation in almost real time.

Claims (1)

An optoelectronic defuzzifier containing two sequentially arranged Fourier transform systems and a spatial operational filter forming an indefinite optical integrator, a coherent radiation source, characterized in that the first linear optical transparency, a group of optical Y-couplers, an optical specific integrator, and a second linear optical transparency are introduced into it , optical phase modulator, optical n-output splitter, a group of optical Y-combiners, a group of photodetector Ikikov, a group of null indicators, an encoder, the output of a coherent radiation source is connected to the input of the first linear optical transparency, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the corresponding optical Y-couplers, the second outputs of the optical Y-couplers are connected to the corresponding inputs of the optical indefinite integrator, and the first outputs of the optical Y-splitters are connected to the corresponding inputs of the optical specific integrator whose output is connected to the input of the second linear optical transparen a, the output of which is connected to the input of the optical phase modulator, the output of which is connected to the input of the optical n-output splitter, the outputs of which are connected to the first inputs of the corresponding optical Y-combiners, and the outputs of the optical indefinite integrator are connected to the second inputs of the corresponding optical Y-combiners, the outputs which are connected to the inputs of the respective photodetectors, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the corresponding null indicators, and the outputs of the null indicators are connected to the corresponding vuyuschim encoder inputs, whose output is the output of the optoelectronic defazzifikatora.