RU2422876C1 - Optical or gate for fuzzy sets - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics. ^ SUBSTANCE: device has m groups of k photodetectors, m coherent radiation sources, m 2k-output optical splitters, m groups of k optical amplitude modulators, m groups of k optical phase modulators, m groups of k optical Y-couplers, k minimum signal selectors, k square-root extractors and k subtracters. ^ EFFECT: simple design and high computing efficiency of the device. ^ 1 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to computer technology and can be used in optical information processing devices based on fuzzy logic.

A known optical computing device is an optical differentiator [US Pat. RU 2159461, 2000. Optical differentiator / SV Sokolov et al.], Comprising an optical splitter, an optical delay line, an optical phase modulator, an optical combiner, a receiving transparency.

The essential features of an analogue common with the claimed device are as follows: optical splitter, optical phase modulator.

The disadvantage of the above analogue is the inability to perform the operation of combining (disjunction) of two fuzzy sets.

A known optical computing device is a nonlinear power converter [US Pat. RU 2020550 C1, 1994, Optical Functional Converter / SVSokolov] containing a coherent radiation source, differentiator, optical n-output splitter, optical transparency, optical n-input combiner, a pair of optically coupled waveguides, optical modulator.

The essential features of an analogue common with the claimed device are as follows: a coherent radiation source, an optical splitter, an optical modulator.

The disadvantages of the above analogue are the high complexity and the inability to perform the operation of combining (disjunction) of two fuzzy sets.

A known optical computing device is the minimum signal selector [A.S. No. 1223259, USSR, 1986. Minimum signal selector / Sokolov S.V. et al.], adopted as a prototype and designed to calculate the minimum signal from a set of optical signals supplied to its input. The minimum signal selector contains differential optocouplers, input optical waveguides.

The prototype is an essential feature of the invention.

The disadvantage of the above prototype is the inability to perform the operation of combining (disjunction) of two fuzzy sets.

The objective of the invention is to provide an optical device that allows you to perform the operation of combining (disjunction) of two fuzzy sets while simplifying the design and increasing computing performance up to 10 ⁵ -10 ⁶ operations per second.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that m groups of k photodetectors, m coherent radiation sources, m 2k-output optical couplers, m groups of k optical amplitude modulators, m groups of k optical phase modulators, m groups of k optical Y- combiners, k-1 minimum signal selectors, k square root extraction blocks, k subtraction blocks, the optical fuzzy sets disjunctor has m inputs, the rth input of the fuzzy sets optical disjunctor is the inputs of the photodetectors of the rth group n k photodetectors (p = 1, 2, ..., m), the output of the i-th photodetector in the rth group of k photodetectors is connected to the control input of the i-th optical amplitude modulator in the rth group of k optical amplitude modulators (i = 1, 2, ..., k; p = 1, 2, ..., m), the output of the rth source of coherent radiation is connected to the input of the rth optical 2k-output splitter (p = 1, 2, ..., m), the first The k outputs of the rth optical 2k output splitter are connected to the information inputs of the corresponding optical amplitude modulators in the rth group of k optical amplitude modulators (p = 1, 2, ..., m), the second k outputs of the r-th optical 2k-output splitter are connected to the inputs of the corresponding optical phase modulators in the r-th group of k optical phase modulators (p = 1, 2, ..., m ), the output of the ip-th optical amplitude modulator is connected to the first input of the ip-th optical Y-combiner (i = 1, 2, ..., k; p = 1, 2, ..., m), the output of the ip-th optical phase modulator is connected to the second input of the ip-th optical Y-combiner (i = 1, 2, ..., k; p = 1, 2, ..., m) , the output of the ip-th optical Y-combiner is connected to the p-th input of the i-th minimum signal selector (i = 1, 2, ..., k; p = 1, 2, ..., m), the outputs of the minimum signal selectors are connected to the inputs the corresponding square root extraction blocks, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the corresponding subtraction blocks, the outputs of the subtraction blocks are the outputs of the device.

To achieve a technical result, m groups of k photodetectors, m sources of coherent radiation, m optical 2k-output couplers, m groups of k optical amplitude modulators, m groups of k optical phase modulators, m groups of k optical phase modulators m groups of k optical Y-combiners, k-1 minimum signal selectors, k square root extraction blocks, k subtraction blocks, the optical fuzzy set disjunctor has m inputs, the rth optical optical input fuzzy sets are the inputs of the photodetectors of the rth group of k photodetectors (p = 1, 2, ..., m), the output of the i-th photodetector in the rth group of k photodetectors is connected to the control input of the i-th optical amplitude modulator in p group of k optical amplitude modulators (i = 1, 2, ..., k; p = 1, 2, ..., m), the output of the r-th source of coherent radiation is connected to the input of the r-th optical 2k-output splitter (p = 1, 2, ..., m), the first k outputs of the r-th optical 2k-output splitter are connected to the information inputs of the corresponding optical amplitudes modulators in the rth group of k optical amplitude modulators (p = 1, 2, ..., m), the second k outputs of the rth optical 2k-output splitter are connected to the inputs of the corresponding optical phase modulators in the rth group of k optical phase modulators (p = 1, 2, ..., m), the output of the ip-th optical amplitude modulator is connected to the first input of the ip-th optical Y-combiner (i = 1,2, ..., k; p = 1, 2, ..., m), the output of the ip-th optical phase modulator is connected to the second input of the ip-th optical Y-combiner (i = 1, 2, ..., k; p = 1, 2, ..., m) , the output of the ip-th optical Y-combiner is connected to the p-th input of the i-th minimum signal selector (i = 1, 2, ..., k; p = 1, 2, ..., m), the outputs of the minimum signal selectors are connected to the inputs the corresponding square root extraction blocks, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the corresponding subtraction blocks, the outputs of the subtraction blocks are the outputs of the device.

Optical fuzzy sets disjunctor - a device designed to perform in real time the operation of combining (disjunction) m fuzzy sets A1, A2, ..., Am and obtain the resulting set A, whose membership function is equal to:

where μ _A1 (x), μ _A2 (x), ..., μ _Am (x) are membership functions describing fuzzy sets A1, A2, ..., Am of elements, respectively, defined on the base scale X ∈ x ₁ , x ₂ , ... , x _k , where k is the number of elements in the sets A1, A2, ..., Am.

The functional diagram of the optical fuzzy sets disjunctor is shown in the drawing.

The optical disjunctor of fuzzy sets contains:

- 1 ₁₁ , 1 _2l , ..., 1 _kl ; 1 _l2 , 1 ₂₂ , ..., 1 _k2 ; ...; 1 _lm , 1 _2m , ..., 1 _km - m groups of k blocks of photodetectors (FP);

- 2 ₁ , 2 ₂ , ... 2 _m - m sources of coherent radiation (IKI) with an amplitude of 2 × k conv.ed. (conventional units);

- 3 ₁ , 3 ₂ , ... 3 _m - m optical 2 × k output splitters;

- 4 ₁₁ , 4 ₂₁ , ..., 4 _k1 ; 4 ₁₂ , 4 ₂₂ , ..., 4 _cities ; ...; 4 _1m , 4 _2m , ..., 4 _km - m groups of k optical amplitude modulators (OAM);

- 5 ₁₁ , 5 ₂₁ , ..., 5 _k1 ; 5 ₁₂ , 5 ₂₂ , ..., 5 _k2 ; ...; 5 _1m , 5 _2m , ..., 5 _km - m groups of k optical phase modulators (OFMs) providing a constant phase shift of the optical flow by π;

- 6 ₁₁ , 6 ₂₁ , ..., 6 _kl ; 6 ₁₂ , 6 ₂₂ , ..., 6 _k2 ; ...; 6 _1m , 6 _2m , ..., 6 _km - m groups of k optical Y-combiners;

- 7 ₁ , 7 ₂ , ... 7 _k - k minimum signal selectors (CMC), made in the form of CMC described in [A. S. No. 1223259, USSR, 1986. Minimum signal selector / Sokolov S.V. and etc.];

- 8 ₁ , 8 ₂ , ... 8 _k - k blocks of square root extraction (BIC), which can be performed, for example, in the form of blocks described in [Bobrovnikov L.Z. Electronics. Textbook for high schools. 5th ed. / L.Z. Bobrovnikov. - St. Petersburg: Publishing House "Peter", 2004. - 560 p. - p. 247, figure 3.44, d];

- 9 ₁ , 9 ₂ , ... 9 _k - k subtraction blocks (BV), which can be performed, for example, in the form of blocks described in [March J. Operational amplifiers and their application. Per. with french / J. Marchais. - L .: Publishing house "Energy", 1974. - 216 p. - p. 62, 63, 64, figures 5.10, 5.13].

The optical fuzzy set disjunctor has m inputs, the rth input of the optical fuzzy set disjunctor is the inputs of the FP 1 _1p , 1 _2p , ..., 1 _{kp of the} p-th group in k FP (p = 1, 2, ..., m).

The output of the ith FP 1 _ip in the rth group of k FP is connected to the control input of the i-th OAM 4 _ip in the rth group of k OAM (i = 1, 2, ..., k; p = 1, 2, ..., m).

The output of the rth IRI 2 _{r is} connected to the input of the rth optical 2k-output splitter 3 _r (p = 1, 2, ..., m).

The first k outputs of the rth optical 2k-output splitter 3 _{p are} connected to the information inputs of the corresponding OAM 4 _1p , 4 _2p , ..., 4 _kp in the r-th group of k OAM (p = 1, 2, ..., m). The second k outputs of the rth optical 2k-output splitter 3 _{p are} connected to the inputs of the corresponding OFMs 5 _1p , 5 _2p , ..., 5 _kp in the _rth group by k OFM (p = 1, 2, ..., m).

The output of the ip-th OAM 4 _{ip is} connected to the first input of the ip-th optical Y-combiner 6 _ip (i = 1, 2, ..., k; p = 1, 2, ..., m). The output of the ipth OFM 5 _{ip is} connected to the second input of the ipth optical Y-combiner 6 _ip (i = 1, 2, ..., k; p = 1, 2, ..., m).

The output of the ipth optical Y-combiner 6 _{ip is} connected to the rth input of the i-th CMC 7 _i (i = 1, 2, ..., k; p = 1, 2, ..., m).

The outputs of CMC 7 ₁ , 7 ₂ , ... 7 _{k are} connected to the inputs of the corresponding NIRs 8 ₁ , 8 ₂ , ... 8 _k .

The outputs of the BIC 8 ₁ , 8 ₂ , ... 8 _{k are} connected to the inputs of the corresponding BV 9 ₁ , 9 ₂ , ... 9 _k , the outputs of which are the outputs of the device.

The operation of the optical disjunctor of fuzzy sets is as follows.

The input device receives m membership functions describing the fuzzy sets A1, A2, ..., Am, respectively, in the form of flat optical fluxes of incoherent radiation distributed along the OX axis with intensities proportional to μ _A1 (x), μ _A2 (x), ..., μ _Am (x), respectively. Further, these planar optical flows arrive at the inputs of the corresponding phase transitions 1 ₁₁ , 1 ₂₁ , ..., 1 _k1 ; 1 _l2 , 1 ₂₂ , ..., 1 _k2 ; ...; 1 _1m , 1 _2m , ..., 1 _km .

Upon arrival at the FP inputs 1 _1p , 1 _2p , ..., 1 _{kp of the} pth group along k FP of the optical stream distributed along the OX axis with an intensity proportional to µ _Ap (x); ∀x _i ∈ X; X ∈ x ₁ , x ₂ , ..., x _k , at the outputs of the FP 1 _1p , 1 _2p , ..., 1 _{kp of the rth} group of k FP, k electrical signals are generated: at the output of the ip-th FP 1 _ip , an electrical signal is generated in the form of voltage, the value of which is proportional to µ _Ap (x _i ), i.e. the value of the pth membership function for the particular ith value of the argument x _i (i = 1, 2, ..., k; p = 1, 2, ..., m).

Each of these electrical signals goes to the control input of the 1st 4 _ip OAM of the rth group by k OAM.

Simultaneously with the output of the rth IRI 2 _p optical coherent flow with an amplitude of 2 × k conv. arrives at the input of the r-th optical 2 × k-output splitter 3 _r , at each output of which an optical stream with an amplitude of 1 conv. Thus, from the first i-th output of the r-th optical 2 × k-output splitter 3 _r, one of the single flows goes to the input of the i-th OAM 4 _{ip of the rth} group by k OAM, at the output of which an optical stream with an amplitude equal to µ _Ap (x _i ) (i = 1, 2, ..., k; p = 1, 2, ..., m). This optical stream goes to the first input of the ip-th optical Y-combiner 6 _ip (i = 1, 2, ..., k; p = 1, 2, ..., m). At the same time, from the second i-th output of the r-th optical 2хк-output splitter 3 _{r, the} single optical stream enters the input of the i-th OFM 5 _{ip of the} rth group of k OFMs, from the output of which the optical stream of unit amplitude is removed, but with phase shifted by π (inverted) (i = 1, 2, ..., k; p = 1, 2, ..., m). This optical stream goes to the second input of the ip-th optical Y-combiner 6 _ip (i = 1, 2, ..., k; p = 1, 2, ..., m).

Therefore, at the first input of the ip-th optical Y-combiner 6 _ip there is an optical stream with an amplitude µ _Ap (x _i ), and at the second input, an optical stream with an amplitude of 1 conv. with inverted phase.

Since the output of the ip-th optical Y-combiner 6 _{ip is} connected to the rth input of the ith CMC 7 _i , then at the rth input of the last _ip optical flows coming from the output of the ip-th optical Y-combiner 6 _ip , interfering, form optical flow with intensity (1-µ _Ap (x _i )) ² conventional units (i = 1, 2, ..., k; p = 1, 2, ..., m).

The work of CMC 7 is described in [A.S. No. 1223259, USSR, 1986. Minimum signal selector / Sokolov S.V. and etc.].

, (i=1, 2, …, k).Thus, the signal in the form of an electric voltage whose magnitude is proportional to the output of the 1st CMC 7 _i

, (i = 1, 2, ..., k).

For the subsequent description of the operation of the device, it should be borne in mind that due to the inequality µ _Ap (x _i ) ≤1 (by definition, µ _Ap (x _i )), the minimum value of the function (1-µ _Ap (x _i )) is defined for the same value argument x _i , as the maximum µ _Ap (x _i ), (i = 1, 2, ..., k; p = 1, 2, ..., m).

The output signal of the i-th CMC 7 _i goes to the input of the i-th BIC 8 _i , the operation of which is described in [L. Bobrovnikov Electronics. Textbook for high schools. 5th ed. / L.Z. Bobrovnikov. - St. Petersburg: Publishing House "Peter", 2004. - 560 p. - p. 247, figure 3.44, d] (i = 1, 2, ..., k).

From the output of the i-th BIC 8 _{i, the} signal proportional to the minimum (for all i) signal (1-μ _Ap (x _i )) is fed to the input of the i-th BIC 9 _i , in which the received signal is subtracted from unity (i = 1 , 2, ..., k; p = 1, 2, ..., m). Thus, at the output of the i-th BV 9 _i , an electrical signal is generated in the form of a voltage whose value is proportional to µ _A (x _i ) = MAX {µ _A1 (x _i ), µ _A2 (x), ..., µ _Am (x _i )} for a specific value of x _i (i = 1, 2, ..., k).

Thus, at the outputs of all BV 9 ₁ , 9 ₂ , ... 9 _k - at the output of the device, a vector of electrical signals is generated with voltages distributed along the OX axis and proportional to the membership function µ _A (x) corresponding to the result of the disjunction operation (combining ) m fuzzy sets defined by equality (1).

The speed of the optical fuzzy sets disjunctor is determined by the dynamic characteristics of photodetectors, optical amplitude modulators, minimum signal selectors, square root blocks and subtraction blocks. The speed of photodetectors made in the traditional version - based on photodiodes is about 10 ^-9 s. The optical amplitude modulator has a speed of about 10 ^-12 s. The minimum signal selector, made, for example, on avalanche photodiodes, has a response time of up to 80 ... 100 ps. The square root extraction unit and the subtraction unit, performed in the traditional embodiment based on feedback operational amplifiers, have a cutoff frequency of up to 1 MHz. For existing continuous-processing information processing systems, such a speed ensures their operation in almost real time.

Claims (1)

An optical fuzzy sets disjunctor containing a minimal signal selector, characterized in that m groups of k photodetectors, m coherent radiation sources, m optical 2k output couplers, m groups of k optical amplitude modulators, m groups of k optical phase modulators are introduced into it , m groups of k optical Y-combiners, k-1 minimum signal selectors, k square root extraction blocks, k subtraction blocks, the optical fuzzy sets disjunctor has m inputs, the rth optical disjunctor has one input of the sets are the photodetector inputs of the rth group of k photodetectors (p = 1, 2, ..., m), the output of the i-th photodetector in the rth group of k photodetectors is connected to the control input of the i-th optical amplitude modulator in p- group of k optical amplitude modulators (i = 1, 2, ..., k; p = 1, 2, ..., m), the output of the r-th source of coherent radiation is connected to the input of the r-th optical 2k-output splitter (p = 1, 2, ..., m), the first k outputs of the r-th optical 2k-output splitter are connected to the information inputs of the corresponding optical amplitude moduli ditch in the rth group of k optical amplitude modulators (p = 1, 2, ..., m), the second k outputs of the rth optical 2k-output splitter are connected to the inputs of the corresponding optical phase modulators in the rth group of k optical phase modulators (p = 1, 2, ..., m), the output of the ip-th optical amplitude modulator is connected to the first input of the ip-th optical Y-combiner (i = 1, 2, ..., k; p = 1, 2, ..., m), the output of the ip-th optical phase modulator is connected to the second input of the ip-th optical Y-combiner (i = 1, 2, ..., k; p = 1, 2, ..., m) , the output of the ip-th optical Y-combiner is connected to the r-th input of the i-th minimum signal selector (i = 1, 2, ..., k; p = 1, 2, ..., m), the outputs of the minimum signal selectors are connected to the inputs the corresponding square root extraction blocks, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the corresponding subtraction blocks, the outputs of the subtraction blocks are the outputs of the device.