RU2408052C1 - Optoelectronic dephasing apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics. ^ SUBSTANCE: optoelectronic dephasing apparatus has a coherent radiation source, a transparency filter, optical Y-splitters, as well as an optical three-output splitter, three optical n-output splitters, a second transparency filter, two groups of n pairs of optically connected waveguides, two groups of n photodetectors, two groups of n piezoelectric elements, an optical differentiator, a group of Y-couplers, a minimum signal selector. ^ EFFECT: increase in computational efficiency of the dephasing process to 105-106 operations per second with simple design of the dephasing apparatus. ^ 1 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to computer technology and can be used in optical information processing devices built on the basis of continuous (fuzzy) logic.

Known optical computing device for multiplying optical signals, containing an optical RS-trigger, an optical Y-splitter, three optical bistable elements, optical waveguides with ring branches, optical amplifiers, an optical comparator, frequency filter, optical transparency [US Pat. RU 2022328 C1, 1994. Optical multiplier. S.V.Sokolov].

The essential features of the analogue common with the claimed device are as follows: optical Y-splitter, optical transparency.

The disadvantages of the above device are the complexity and inability to calculate a clear value of the output linguistic variable (or numbers on a predetermined scale of the output linguistic variable) after the procedure for aggregating all terms of this linguistic variable as a result of a fuzzy conclusion.

Known optical computing device for subtracting optical signals, containing optical amplifiers, an input optical splitter, two groups of optical banners, optical branches, an annular branch, an optical comparator, an optical branch, a pair of coupled optical waveguides and an optical bistable element [US Pat. RU 2103721 C1, 1998. A device for subtracting optical signals. S.V. Sokolov, A.A. Barannik].

The essential features of an analogue common with the claimed device are as follows: optical transparency, optical splitter.

The disadvantages of the above device are the complexity and inability to calculate a clear value of the output linguistic variable (or numbers on a predetermined scale of the output linguistic variable) after the procedure for aggregating all terms of this linguistic variable as a result of a fuzzy conclusion.

A known optical computing device is a nonlinear power converter adopted as a prototype [US Pat. RU 1774323 C1, 1992. Optical functional converter. SVSokolov], comprising a radiation source, optical Y-splitters, an optical linear modulator, an optical transparency, an optical combiner.

The essential features of the prototype, common with the claimed device, are as follows: radiation source, optical transparency, optical Y-splitter.

The disadvantages of the above device are the complexity and inability to calculate a clear value of the output linguistic variable (or numbers on a predetermined scale of the output linguistic variable) after the procedure for aggregating all terms of this linguistic variable as a result of a fuzzy conclusion.

The objective of the invention is to increase the computational productivity of the defuzzification process to 10 ⁵ -10 ⁶ operations per second while simplifying the design of the defuzzifier.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that an optical three-output splitter, three optical n-output splitters, a second optical transparency, two groups of n pairs of optically coupled waveguides, two groups of n photodetectors, two groups of n piezoelectric elements, an optical differentiator, a group of optical Y-combiners are introduced into the device , the minimum signal selector, the output of the coherent radiation source is connected to the input of the optical three-output splitter, the first output of which is connected to the input of the first optical n-output of the second splitter, the second output of the optical three-output splitter is connected to the input of the second optical n-output splitter, the third output of the optical three-output splitter is connected to the input of the third optical n-output splitter, the outputs of the first optical n-output splitter are connected to the inputs of the corresponding first optical waveguides of the first group of optical coupled waveguides integrated into the corresponding piezoelectric elements of the first group, the outputs of the first optical waveguides of the first group op connected waveguides are connected to the first inputs of the corresponding optical Y-combiners, and the outputs of the second optical waveguides of the first group of optically coupled waveguides are absorbing, the outputs of the second optical n-output splitter are connected to the inputs of the first optical transparency, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the corresponding first optical waveguides of the second groups of optically coupled waveguides integrated into the corresponding piezoelectric elements of the second group, outputs of the second optical waves the gadgets of the second group of optically coupled waveguides are absorbing, and the outputs of the first optical waveguides of the second group of optically coupled waveguides are connected to the inputs of the corresponding optical Y-couplers, the first output of each of which is connected to the input of the corresponding photodetector of the first group, the output of which is connected to the control input of the corresponding piezoelectric element of the first groups, and the outputs of the third optical n-output splitter are connected to the inputs of the second optical transparency, the outputs of which connected to the inputs of the optical differentiator, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the corresponding photodetectors of the second group, the outputs of which are connected to the control inputs of the corresponding piezoelectric elements of the second group, and the second outputs of the optical Y-couplers are connected to the second inputs of the corresponding optical Y-combiners, the outputs of which are connected to the corresponding the inputs of the selector minimum signal, the output of which is the output of the device.

To achieve a technical result, an optical three-output splitter, three optical n-output splitters, a second optical transparency, two groups of n pairs of optically coupled waveguides, two groups of n photodetectors are introduced into the optoelectronic defuzzifier containing a coherent radiation source, optical transparency, optical Y-couplers, two groups of n piezoelectric elements, an optical differentiator, a group of optical Y-combiners, a minimum signal selector, the output of a coherent radiation source is connected to an ode of an optical three-output splitter, the first output of which is connected to the input of the first optical n-output splitter, the second output of the optical three-output splitter is connected to the input of the second optical n-output splitter, the third output of the optical three-output splitter is connected to the input of the third optical n-output splitter, the outputs of the first optical n-output splitter connected to the inputs of the corresponding first optical waveguides of the first group of optically coupled waveguides, int coded into the corresponding piezoelectric elements of the first group, the outputs of the first optical waveguides of the first group of optically coupled waveguides are connected to the first inputs of the corresponding optical Y-combiners, and the outputs of the second optical waveguides of the first group of optically coupled waveguides are absorbing, the outputs of the second optical n-output splitter are connected to the inputs of the first optical banner, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the corresponding first optical waveguides of the second group of optical of the associated waveguides integrated into the corresponding piezoelectric elements of the second group, the outputs of the second optical waveguides of the second group of optically coupled waveguides are absorbing, and the outputs of the first optical waveguides of the second group of optically coupled waveguides are connected to the inputs of the corresponding optical Y-couplers, the first output of each of which is connected to the input of the corresponding a photodetector of the first group, the output of which is connected to the control input of the corresponding piezoelectric element of the first group, and the outputs the third optical n-output splitter is connected to the inputs of the second optical banner, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the optical differentiator, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the corresponding photodetectors of the second group, the outputs of which are connected to the control inputs of the corresponding piezoelectric elements of the second group, and the second outputs of the optical Y-couplers are connected to the second inputs of the corresponding optical Y-combiners, the outputs of which are connected to the corresponding inputs of the selector of the minimum drove, the output of which is the output of the device.

Optoelectronic defuzzifier (ODF) is a device designed to calculate a clear value of the output linguistic variable (or a number on a predetermined scale of the output linguistic variable) after the aggregation of all terms of this linguistic variable as a result of fuzzy inference using the left modal value method described by formula (1) , or by the method of the right modal value described by the formula (2):

where y _OUT ^{_ is the} desired clear value of the output linguistic variable;

y _m is the modal value (mode) of the fuzzy set corresponding to the output variable on a predetermined scale of the output linguistic variable (axis OY in the drawing).

Functional diagram of the ODF is shown in the drawing.

Optoelectronic defazzifier contains:

- 1 - source of coherent radiation (IKI) with an amplitude of (K + 2M + 1) × n conv (ov) units (units);

- 2 - an optical three-output splitter, the first output of which has a branching coefficient K / (K + 2M + 1), the second - 2M / (K + 2M + 1) and the third - 1 / (K + 2M + 1);

- 3, 6, 13 - respectively, the first, second and third optical n-output splitters;

- 4 ₁₁ , 4 ₁₂ ; 4 ₂₁ , 4 ₂₂ , ..., 4 _n1 , 4 _n2 ; 8 ₁₁ , 8 ₁₂ ; 8 ₂₁ , 8 ₂₂ , ..., 8 _n1 , 8 _n2 - respectively, the first and second groups of n pairs of optically coupled waveguides (OCB);

- 5 ₁ , 5 ₂ , ..., 5 _n ; 9 ₁ , 9 ₂ , ..., 9 _n - respectively, the first and second groups of n piezoelectric elements (PE), into which the corresponding pairs of WWS 4 ₁₁ , 4 ₁₂ are integrated; 4 ₂₁ , 4 ₂₂ , ..., 4 _n1 , 4 _n2 and 8 ₁₁ , 8 ₁₂ ; 8 ₂₁ , 8 ₂₂ , ..., 8 _n1 , 8 _n2 so that if there is no control signal at the PE control input that changes the distance between the OC, there is no optical coupling in the OC pairs, appearing only if there is a control signal above the threshold level of PE operation;

- 7 - the first optical transparency (OT) with a transmission function, which provides a constant flow upon arrival at all its inputs with an amplitude M srvc the amplitudes of the optical flows at its outputs, proportional to the values of the argument on the scale of the output linguistic variable (ascending) - if defuzzification is carried out according to the method of the left modal value (1), or proportional to the values of the argument on the scale of the output linguistic variable in the reverse order (descending) ) - if defuzzification is carried out according to the method of the right modal value (2);

- 10 ₁ , 10 ₂ , ..., 10 _n - n optical Y-splitters;

- 11 ₁ , 11 ₂ , ..., 11 _n ; 16 ₁ , 16 ₂ , ..., 16 _n - respectively, the first and second groups of n photodetectors (FP);

- 12 ₁ , 12 ₂ , ..., 12 _n - n optical Y-combiners;

- 14 - the second optical transparency with a transmission function proportional to the membership function µ _Σ (y);

- 15 - optical differentiator (OD), which can be performed, for example, in the form of OD [Akayev A.A. Optical methods of information processing. A.A. Akayev and S.A. Mayorov. - M .: Higher school, 1988. - 236 p., Page 168, Fig. 6.2] or [pat. RU 2159461 C1, 2000. - BI No. 32. Optical differentiator. S.V.Sokolov, P.S. Shevchuk, R.N. Ganeev, A.V. Momot];

- 17 - the minimum signal selector (CMC), which can be performed, for example, in the form of CMC described in [a.s. USSR No. 1223259, 1986. Minimum signal selector. Sokolov S.V. and etc.].

The output of IRI 1 is connected to the input of the optical three-output splitter 2, the first output 2 _{1 of} which is connected to the input of the first optical n-output splitter 3, the second output of the optical three-output splitter 2 _{2 is} connected to the input of the second optical n-output splitter 6, the third output of 2 ₃ optical trehvyhodnogo splitter connected to the input of the third n-output optical coupler 13. Outputs 3 _1, 3 _2, ..., 3 _n first optical splitter output n-3 are connected to respective first inputs of the waveguides 4, ₁₁ 4 _21, ..., _n1 4 SV of the first group that are integrated into the respective piezoelectric 5 _1, 5 _2, ... 5 _n of the first group, the outputs of the first waveguide 4 ₁₁ 4 _21, ..., 4 _n1 SALT first group are connected to first inputs of respective optical Y-combiners 12 _1, 12 ₂ , ..., 12 _n. The outputs 6 ₁ , 6 ₂ , ..., 6 _{n of the} second optical n-output splitter 6 are connected to the corresponding inputs of the first OT 7, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the corresponding first waveguides 8 ₁₁ , 8 ₂₁ , ..., 8 _{n1 of the} second group of integrated circuits integrated in the corresponding piezoelectric elements 9 ₁ , 9 ₂ , ..., 9 _{n of the} second group. The outputs of the first waveguides 8 ₁₁ , 8 ₂₁ , ..., 8 _n1 OCB of the second group are connected to the inputs of the corresponding optical Y-couplers 10 ₁ , 10 ₂ , ..., 10 _n. The first output of each optical Y-coupler 10 ₁ , 10 ₂ , ..., 10 _{n is} connected to the input of the corresponding FP 11 ₁ , 11 ₂ , ..., 11 _{n of the} first group, the output of each FP 11 ₁ , 11 ₂ , ..., 11 _{n of the} first group connected to the control input of the corresponding PE 5 ₁ , 5 ₂ , ..., 5 _{n of the} first group. The second outputs of each optical Y-coupler 10 ₁ , 10 ₂ , ..., 10 _{n are} connected to the second inputs of the corresponding optical Y-combiners 12 ₁ , 12 ₂ , ..., 12 _n . The outputs 13 ₁ , 13 ₂ , ..., 13 _{n of the} third optical n-output splitter 13 are connected to the inputs of the second OT 14, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of OD 15, each output of which is connected to the input of the corresponding FP 16 ₁ , 16 ₂ , ..., 16 _n second group. The output of each AF 16 ₁ , 16 ₂ , ..., 16 _{n of the} second group is connected to the control input of the corresponding piezoelectric element PE 9 ₁ , 9 ₂ , ..., 9 _{n of the} second group. The output of each optical Y-combiner 12 ₁ , 12 ₂ , ..., 12 _{n is} connected to the corresponding input of CMC 17, the output of which is the output of the device.

The operation of the device is as follows. From the output of IKI 1, the luminous flux with an amplitude of (K + 2M + 1) × n is fed to the input of an optical three-output splitter 2.

From the third output 2 _{3 of the} optical _three -output splitter 2, the branching coefficient of which is 1 / (K + 2M + 1), an optical stream with an amplitude of n conv. arrives at the input of the third optical n-output splitter 13, at the outputs 13 ₁ , 13 ₂ , ..., 13 _{n of} which flows of unit amplitude are supplied to the input of the second OT 14. From the output of the second OT 14, a flat optical stream with spatial amplitude (along the axis OY), which is proportional to the membership function µ _Σ (y), is fed to the input of OD 15, the output of which forms a flat optical stream with a spatial amplitude proportional to the derivative of the membership function µ _Σ (y), which then goes to the inputs of the corresponding phase transitions of the first group 1 6 ₁ , 16 ₂ , ..., 16 _n . In this case, at the points of the maxima of the membership function µ _Σ (y) (mode points) and the minima, the amplitude of the output optical flux OD 15 is equal to zero. From the outputs of the FP of the first group 16 ₁ , 16 ₂ , ..., 16 _{n the} signals are fed to the control inputs of the corresponding PE 9 ₁ , 9 ₂ , ..., 9 _{n of the} second group.

At the same time, from the second output 2 _{2 of the} optical three-output splitter 2, the branching coefficient of which is 2M / (K + 2M + 1), an optical stream with an amplitude of 2M × n srvc arrives at the input of the second optical n-output splitter 6, on each 6 ₁ , 6 ₂ , ..., 6 _{n the} output of which forms an optical stream with an amplitude of 2 × M srvc These optical streams, arriving at the corresponding inputs of the first OT 7, form optical streams at its outputs with amplitudes proportional to twice the value of the argument on the scale of the output linguistic variable (i.e., in the natural order - in ascending order) if defuzzification is carried out according to the method left modal value (1), or proportional to twice the value of the argument on the scale of the output linguistic variable in the reverse order (descending) - if defuzzification is carried out according to the method n equal modal value (2). The output optical streams of the first OT 7 go to the inputs of the first optical waveguides 8 ₁₁ , 8 ₂₁ , ..., 8 _{n1 of the} corresponding pairs of OCB of the second group.

Those. piezoelectric elements 9 _i , ..., 9 _{to the} second group, at the control inputs of which there will be zero signals (which is equivalent to the presence at the points y _i , ..., y of _the scale of the linguistic variable of extrema of the function μ _Σ (y)), will not change the initial distance between the second wave groups 8 _i1 and 8 _i2 , ... 8 _k1 , and 8 _i2 , which excludes switching of the optical flow from the first optical waveguide 8 _i1 (8 _k1 ) to the second optical waveguide 8 _i2 (8 _k2 ). Such (unswitched) optical fluxes from the first optical waveguides 8 _i1 , ..., 8 _{k1 of the} second group with amplitudes proportional to the doubled values of the argument on the scale of the linguistic variable are supplied to the inputs of the corresponding optical Y-couplers 10 _i , ..., 10 _k .

The remaining piezoelectric elements 9 ₁ , 9 ₂ , ..., 9 _i-1 , 9 _{i + 1} , ..., 9 _k-1 , 9 _{k + 1} , ..., 9 _{n of the} second group, at the control inputs of which there will be a non-zero signal, will change the distance between the corresponding WWS of the second group 8 ₁₁ , 8 ₁₂ , 8 ₂₁ , 8 ₂₂ , ..., 8 _{(i-1) 1} , 8 _(i-1 ) ₂ , 8 _{(i + 1) 1} , 8 _{(i + 1) 2} , ..., 8 _{(k-1) 1} , 8 ( _{k-1) 2} , 8 _{(k + 1) 1} , 8 ( _{k + 1) 2} , ..., 8 _n1 , 8 _n2 , which will switch the optical fluxes to the corresponding second optical waveguides of the second wave group and their further absorption.

From the first output 2 _{1 of the} three-output optical coupler 2, the branching coefficient of which is K / (K + 2M + 1), an optical stream with an amplitude of K × n srvc arrives at the input of the first optical n-output splitter 3, at each output 3 _1, 3 ₂ , ..., 3 _{n of} which an amplitude flux K srvc. These n streams arrive at the inputs of the corresponding first optical waveguides 4 ₁₁ , 4 ₂₁ , ..., 4 _{n1 of the OCB} pairs of the first group.

At the same time, from the first outputs of the optical Y-couplers 10 _i , ..., 10 _{k, the} optical flows with amplitudes proportional to the values of y _i , ..., y _{to the} points of the extrema of the membership functions µ _Σ (y) on the scale of the output linguistic variable, go to the inputs of the corresponding phase transitions 11 _i , ..., 11 _{to the} first group, the output signals of which are supplied to the control inputs of the corresponding PE 5 _i , ... 5 _{to the} first group.

From the second outputs of the optical Y-couplers 10 _i , ..., 10 _{k, the} optical flows with amplitudes proportional to the values of y _i , ..., y _{to the} points of the extrema of the membership functions µ _Σ (y) on the scale of the output linguistic variable are fed to the second inputs of the corresponding optical Y -connectors 12 _i , ..., 12 _k , the output optical signals of which are supplied to the corresponding inputs of the CMC 17.

Those. piezoelectric elements 5 ₁ , 5 ₂ , ..., 5 _i-1 , 5 _{i + 1} , ... 5 _k-1 , 5 _{k + 1} , ..., 5 _{n of the} first group, at the control inputs of which there will be zero signals (which is equivalent to the absence in the corresponding point argument axis extrema membership function μ _Σ (y)) will not change the initial distance between SALT first group 4 ₁₁ 4 ₁₂ 4 ₂₁ 4 _22, ..., 4 _{(i-1) 1,} 4 _{(i-1) 2} , 4 _{(i + 1) 1} , 4 _{(i + 1) 2} , ..., 4 _{(q-1) 1} , 4 _{(q-1) 2} , 4 _{(q + 1) 1} , 4 _{(q + 1) 2} , ..., 4 _n1 , 4 _n2 , which excludes switching of the optical flux from the first optical waveguide to the second optically coupled waveguide. Thus, the optical flux of the amplitude K srvc from the first optical waveguides 4 ₁₁ , 4 ₂₁ , ..., 4 _{(i-1) 1} , 4 _{(i + 1) 1} , ..., 4 _{(k-1) 1} , 4 _{(k + 1) 1} , ..., 4 _n1 The OCB of the first group goes to the first inputs of the corresponding optical Y - combiners 12 ₁ , 12 ₂ , ..., 12 _i-1 , 12 _{i + 1} , ..., 12 _k-1 , 12 _{k + 1} , ..., 12 _n .

The other piezoelectric 5 _i, ..., 5 _for the first group, in which the control inputs will present a non-zero signal (which is equivalent to the presence of the points y _i, ..., y _k values of extrema membership function μ _Σ (y)), alter the distance between the respective SALT first groups 4 _i1 , 4 _i2 , ..., 4 _k1 , 4 _k2 , which will lead to switching optical fluxes of amplitude K conv. into the corresponding second optical waveguides of the first wave of the first group and their further absorption.

Similarly, provided the passage in each input CMC 17 via optical Y-combiners 12 _1, 12 _2, ... 12 _n, or when the optical signal corresponding to the value of the extremum points of the membership function μ _Σ (y), or the maximum possible range of operation CMC 17 optical signal with amplitude K srvc (which subsequently will not go to the output of CMC 17). This is necessary due to the fact that from the outputs of the first optical waveguides of the corresponding pairs of optical waveguides of the second group 8 ₁₁ , 8 ₁₂ ; 8 ₂₁ , 8 ₂₂ , ..., 8 _n1 , 8 _n2 zero signals are taken for optical waveguides 8 ₁₁ , 8 ₂₁ , ..., 8 _{(i-1) 1} , 8 _{(i + 1) 1} , ..., 8 _{(k-1 ) 1} , 8 _{(k + 1) 1} , 8 _{(k + 1) 2} , ..., 8 _n1 , which do not correspond to the extrema of the membership function µ _Σ (у) (which in the future will necessarily go to the output of CMC 17 instead of the values of the extrema) .

Thus, the input of the CMC 17 receives optical flows with the maximum possible amplitudes K srvc. and amplitudes proportional to the values of the extrema of the membership function µ _Σ (y). Because CMC 17 output signal is proportional to the minimum input optical signal, then the output of the device will generate a value proportional to min {y _m } if defuzzification is performed using the left modal value method, or max {y _m } if defuzzification is performed according to the method right modal value (2). (It should be borne in mind that, due to the nature of the membership function, the extreme left (right) value of all extremum points will always be the value of the maximum point of the membership function).

The speed of an ODF is determined by the dynamic characteristics of photodetectors, piezoelectric elements, and a minimum signal selector. Photodetectors, made in the traditional version based on photodiodes, have a cutoff frequency of the order of 10 ⁹ Hz, and the speed of the piezoelectric elements is of the order of 10 ⁸ Hz. The minimum signal selector made on avalanche photodiodes has a response time of ≈80-100 ps. For existing continuous-processing information processing systems, such a speed ensures their operation in almost real time.

Claims (1)

An optoelectronic defuzzifier containing a coherent radiation source, an optical transparency, optical Y-couplers, characterized in that an optical three-output coupler, three optical n-output couplers, a second optical transparency, two groups of n pairs of optically coupled waveguides, two groups of n photodetectors are introduced into it , two groups of n piezoelectric elements, an optical differentiator, a group of optical Y-combiners, a minimum signal selector, the output of a coherent radiation source is connected to an optical input the third three-output splitter, the first output of which is connected to the input of the first optical n-output splitter, the second output of the optical three-output splitter is connected to the input of the second optical n-output splitter, the third output of the optical three-output splitter is connected to the input of the third optical n-output splitter, the outputs of the first optical The n-output splitter is connected to the inputs of the corresponding first optical waveguides of the first group of optically coupled waveguides integrated the corresponding piezoelectric elements of the first group, the outputs of the first optical waveguides of the first group of optically coupled waveguides are connected to the first inputs of the corresponding optical Y-combiners, and the outputs of the second optical waveguides of the first group of optically coupled waveguides are absorbing, the outputs of the second optical n-output splitter are connected to the inputs of the first optical transparency the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the corresponding first optical waveguides of the second group of optically coupled waves of water integrated into the corresponding piezoelectric elements of the second group, the outputs of the second optical waveguides of the second group of optically coupled waveguides are absorbing, and the outputs of the first optical waveguides of the second group of optically coupled waveguides are connected to the inputs of the corresponding optical Y-couplers, the first output of each of which is connected to the input of the corresponding photodetector the first group, the output of which is connected to the control input of the corresponding piezoelectric element of the first group, and the outputs of the third optical The n-output splitter is connected to the inputs of the second optical banner, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the optical differentiator, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the corresponding photodetectors of the second group, the outputs of which are connected to the control inputs of the corresponding piezoelectric elements of the second group, and the second outputs of the optical Y-splitters are connected to the second inputs of the corresponding optical Y-combiners, the outputs of which are connected to the corresponding inputs of the minimum signal selector, the output to It is the output of the device.