CN102621768B - N-bit optical digital-to-analog converter based on micro ring resonator - Google Patents
N-bit optical digital-to-analog converter based on micro ring resonator Download PDFInfo
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- CN102621768B CN102621768B CN201210077658.3A CN201210077658A CN102621768B CN 102621768 B CN102621768 B CN 102621768B CN 201210077658 A CN201210077658 A CN 201210077658A CN 102621768 B CN102621768 B CN 102621768B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an N-bit optical digital-to-analog converter based on a micro ring resonator. The N-bit optical digital-to-analog converter comprises N optical beam splitters and N micro ring resonators, wherein each optical beam splitter comprises a first input waveguide, a first output waveguide and a second output waveguide; the second output waveguides are connected with the input waveguide of a next optical beam splitter, and are cascaded gradually; a last second output waveguide is suspended; each micro ring resonator is provided with a silicon-based nano wire micro ring, an input waveguide, a through waveguide and a public downloading waveguide; the input waveguides are connected with the first output waveguides of adjacent optical beam splitters; N micro ring resonators share a public downloading waveguide; digital signals to be converted are N voltage signals which are loaded on the N micro ring resonators respectively; and light signals output by the public downloading waveguide are analog signals which are converted from digital signals, and can directly enter a next stage for operating and can be access a photoelectric detector from the public downloading waveguide to directly read out a calculation result.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of N position optical digital-to-analog converter based on micro-ring resonator, this optical digital-to-analog converter utilizes the intrinsic advantage of optics to complete the digital-to-analog conversion of N position digital signal, thereby makes optical digital-to-analog converter replace electricity digital to analog converter to be achieved.Especially, this device is realized analog conversion function with a kind of silicon-based integrated micro-ring resonator of compact conformation, is expected to play a role in photoelectricity digital-to-analogue commingled system in the future.
Background technology
Along with scientific and technical development, the speed of information processing and capacity have been proposed to more and more higher requirement, like this, traditional electrical signal is processed means and aspect speed and power consumption, is being shown increasing limitation, and optical signalling is processed the new approach of processing as a kind of signal, due to the natural characteristic of optical instrument, shown the not available advantage of electricity means, as fast in speed, low in energy consumption, concurrency is good etc.
Digital to analog converter is the critical component in electronics and Photoelectric Signal Processing, and in a lot of Photoelectric Signal Processing systems, digital signal must convert simulating signal to and just can be further processed and transmit, and optical digital-to-analog converter just seems very important like this.Compare with electricity means, optical instrument speed is fast, and bandwidth is high, and volume is little, has a lot of advantages.
The invention belongs to optoelectronic information and process category, thereby the N figure place weighted-voltage D/A converter based on micro-ring resonator that the present invention proposes is exactly to utilize the mode of optics to realize N position digital signal greatly to improve the speed of transporting digital-to-analog conversion to the conversion of simulating signal.The great advantage that optical mode is realized digital-to-analog conversion is: it is large that each element to be converted is separate, time delay is little, degree of parallelism is high, data gulp down tolerance, and this is that natural quality by light determines.
Digital to analog converter based on integrated optics is compatible at process aspect with CMOS technique, be easy to realize large-scale integrated, power consumption compared with low, volume is little, time delay is little, speed is fast, may play an important role at the processor unit of high-performance photon computing machine in the near future.
Summary of the invention
Fundamental purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of N position optical digital-to-analog converter based on micro-ring resonator, it is to utilize optical principle to realize the device of N position digital-to-analog conversion, in order to solve the problems such as speed in traditional electricity digital to analog converter, time delay, power consumption, volume, improve the speed of digital-to-analog conversion in electro-optical system, reduce volume, reduce power consumption and cost.
For achieving the above object, the present invention proposes a kind of N position optical digital-to-analog converter based on micro-ring resonator, comprising:
N beam splitter, each beam splitter comprises an input waveguide, one first output waveguide, one second output waveguide, the second output waveguide of each beam splitter is connected with the input waveguide of next beam splitter, cascade step by step, and the second output waveguide of N beam splitter is unsettled;
N micro-ring resonator, each micro-ring resonator has the micro-ring of a silica-based nanowire, an input waveguide, one straight-through waveguide, one public download waveguide, the input waveguide of each micro-ring resonator is connected with the first output waveguide of the beam splitter facing mutually, and N the public carrier wave once of micro-ring resonator led;
The input waveguide of the first beam splitter, the signal of input is N the constant light signal that wavelength is different, the resonance wavelength of each in the corresponding N of each a wavelength difference micro-ring resonator, digital signal to be converted is for being carried in respectively N the voltage signal of the N on micro-ring resonator, from the light signal of public download waveguide output, be the simulating signal of coming from digital signal conversion, thereby this light signal can directly enter next stage, carry out computing and also can access photodetector in public download waveguide and directly read result of calculation.
The present invention has following beneficial effect: utilized the optical digital-to-analog converter of the natural characteristic realization of light to replace traditional electricity digital to analog converter, thereby can realize the parallel computation of high-speed high capacity.Utilize ready-made technology, make device volume little, low in energy consumption, favorable expandability, is convenient to electricity component integrated.This makes the present invention have good application prospect in electronics and photoelectron number analog/mixed signal disposal system.
Accompanying drawing explanation
For object, implementation, advantage of making the invention described above etc. is more clear understandable, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, be described in detail as follows, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of N position optical digital-to-analog converter;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of a beam splitter in Fig. 1, and this beam splitter is y-branch coupling mechanism;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of a micro-ring resonator in Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is that to take 4 optical digital-to-analog converters be example, the signal code shape figure of drafting, and N is larger, and the interval of the analog optical signal of output is less, more level and smooth.
Embodiment
Shown in Fig. 1, the invention provides a kind of N position optical digital-to-analog converter based on micro-ring resonator, comprising:
N beam splitter 1-N (consults Fig. 2, the structure that shows a beam splitter), each beam splitter 1-N comprises an input waveguide 11-N1, one first output waveguide 12-N2, one second output waveguide 13-N3, the second output waveguide 13-N3 of each beam splitter 1-N is connected with the input waveguide 11-N1 of next beam splitter 1-N, cascade step by step, the second output waveguide N3 of N beam splitter is unsettled, and wherein said beam splitter 1-N is y-branch coupling mechanism;
N micro-ring resonator M1-MN (consults Fig. 3, the structure that shows a micro-ring resonator), each micro-ring resonator M1-MN has the micro-ring of silica-based nanowire M10-MN0, one input waveguide M11-MN1, one straight-through waveguide M12-MN2, one public download waveguide MS, the input waveguide M11-MN1 of each micro-ring resonator M1-MN is connected with the first output waveguide 12-N2 of the beam splitter 1-N facing mutually, N public one of micro-ring resonator M1-MN downloads waveguide MS, and wherein N micro-ring resonator M1-MN is respectively with heat modulation mechanism or electrical modulation mechanism 100;
The input waveguide 11 of the first beam splitter 1, the signal of input is N the constant light signal that wavelength is different, the resonance wavelength of each in corresponding N micro-ring resonator 1-N of each wavelength difference, digital signal to be converted is for being carried in respectively N the voltage signal of the N on micro-ring resonator 1-N, this N to be converted voltage signal acts on N micro-ring resonator M1-MN by modulation mechanism respectively, definition voltage signal is that low level is logic ' 0 ', voltage signal is that high level is logic ' 1 ', this N to be converted voltage signal is defined as the mode of action of micro-ring resonator M1-MN separately: in micro-ring resonator M1-MN, institute's making alive signal is logical one at operating wave strong point resonance, the light signal of output is coupled to public download waveguide MS output, in micro-ring resonator M1-MN, institute's making alive signal is logical zero at operating wave strong point resonance not, light signal is from straight-through waveguide M12-MN2 output, each logical value of this N to be converted voltage signal is Accurate align in time, it is each logical value precise synchronization in time, from the light signal of public download waveguide MS output, be the simulating signal of coming from digital signal conversion, thereby this light signal can directly enter next stage, carry out computing and also can access photodetector at public download waveguide MS and directly read result of calculation.
The present invention adopts the silicon materials preparation on insulator.
Beam splitter shown in Fig. 2 is y-branch coupling mechanism, by the parameters such as angle between well-designed two output waveguides, the light signal strength that the light signal inputted by input waveguide is obtained in the first output waveguide and the second output waveguide through the beam splitting of this device equate and loss less, realize the light beam splitting of one-to-two.
Below by the transmitting procedure of analyzing light signal light in the micro-ring resonator shown in Fig. 3, its principle of work of brief description:
For the micro-ring resonator shown in Fig. 3, putative signal light is inputted from input waveguide M1-MN, when flashlight is during through coupled zone (scope at straight wave guide and the micro-ring of the silica-based nanowire M10-MN0 ring nearest place of curved waveguide), flashlight is coupled in the micro-ring of silica-based nanowire M10-MN0 by evanscent field coupling meeting, light signal in the micro-ring of silica-based nanowire M10-MN0 also can be coupled in public download waveguide MS, for meeting condition of resonance (m * λ=N by evanscent field coupling
g* 2 π * R) flashlight can be coupled in public download waveguide MS, and from downloading waveguide MS output, export at straight-through waveguide M12-MN2 the coupled zone of passing through that will have no effect for the flashlight that does not meet condition of resonance.
In the present invention, used N the micro-ring resonator M1-MN that resonance wavelength is different, their resonance wavelength is designated as respectively λ
1, λ
2... λ
n.By condition of resonance formula (m * λ=N
g* 2 π * R) visible, obtain the micro-ring resonator that resonance wavelength is different, can be by making the micro-ring radius R of silica-based nanowire, the methods such as a series of micro-ring resonators that group index is different realize.The download waveguide of each micro-ring resonator is connected, the download waveguide that is N micro-ring resonator M1-MN is public, be designated as and download waveguide MS, like this, when having light signal to be downloaded by micro-ring resonator, one or several light signal of downloading in micro-ring resonator M1-MN can import same download waveguide MS and output, detect by be the different download light signal of wavelength intensity and.
Upper surface analysis be the Static performance characteristic of micro-ring resonator M1-MN, micro-ring resonator M1-MN can make road under some wavelength signals (meeting the wavelength of condition of resonance) regularly, some wavelength signals leads directly to (not meeting the wavelength of condition of resonance).During real work, need micro-ring resonator resonance wavelength dynamically adjustable (being dynamic filter) to realize more complicated function.By condition of resonance formula (m * λ=N above
g* 2 π * R) can see, regulate resonance wavelength to realize dynamic filter, the physical quantity that can change has radius R and the group index N thereof of the micro-ring of silica-based nanowire
g.The former just decides after technique completes, and cannot regulate.So can only be by regulating the group index N of disc waveguide
gchange the resonance wavelength of micro-ring resonator.Group index is relevant with the refractive index of material, with the variations in refractive index of material, changes.Thereby the refractive index that we can take two kinds of methods to change material changes the group index of material: the one, by material heating (concrete way is thermoae as heating by MOCVD deposit layer of metal in silicon waveguide) thus the refractive index that changes the temperature change material of material that is to say so-called thermo-optic effect.The 2nd, by carrier injection, change the refractive index (electrooptical effect) of material.Generally in High Speed System, adopt electrooptical effect.The present invention is mainly the principle of work of utilizing thermo-optic effect funerary objects part.Thereby we by thermoae to silicon waveguide heat to change the refractive index of material and can Dynamic Selection need to download to the light signal of public download waveguide MS and need to output to the light signal of straight-through waveguide M12-MN2, make light signal under dynamically controlling, at public download waveguide MS, to export or to export at straight-through waveguide M12-MN2, thereby by thermoae loading level being changed to refractive index, reach the object of the output trend of control signal light.
The structural representation of Fig. 1 optical digital-to-analog converter.Below in conjunction with schematic diagram, specifically introduce principle of work of the present invention: from N the flashlight that wavelength varying strength is identical of the first beam splitter 1 input waveguide 11 inputs, establish its wavelength and be respectively λ
1, λ
2... λ
n, use the object of multi-wavelength to be to prevent to interfere generation mistake after light signal from different micro-ring resonators is coupled in public download waveguide MS, the intensity of the light signal of this N wavelength is all I, total intensity is NI.Light input the first beam splitter 1 rear by beam splitting by the first output waveguide 12 and the output of the second output waveguide 13, the intensity of two-beam signal be all N1/2, the first output waveguide 12 generals wherein a branch of resonance wavelength that is input to are λ
1the input waveguide M11 of the first micro-ring resonator M1, when the voltage being carried on the first micro-ring resonator M1 by modulation mechanism is high level, i.e. D
1=1 o'clock, the first micro-ring resonator M1 was to corresponding resonance wavelength
1optical resonance, download it to public download waveguide MS and output, when voltage is low level, i.e. D
1=0 o'clock, light can not be downloaded, from straight-through waveguide M12 output; The light signal that the second output waveguide 13 is N1/2 by other light intensity is input to the input waveguide 21 of the second beam splitter 2, this Shu Guang by by beam splitting, be intensity be two bundles of N1/4 respectively from the first output waveguide 22 and the output of the second output waveguide 23, it is λ that the first output waveguide 22 is input to resonance wavelength by light beam signal
2the input waveguide M21 of the second micro-ring resonator M2, same, when voltage is that high level is D
2=1 o'clock, having wavelength was λ
2intensity is that 1/4 light signal is downloaded to public download waveguide MS output, when voltage is low level, i.e. D
2=0 o'clock, light can not be downloaded, from straight-through waveguide M22 output; Another beam intensity is the input waveguide 31 that the second output waveguide 23 of optical signals the second beam splitter 2 of N1/4 is input to the 3rd beam splitter 3 ... from analysis discussion above, to i beam splitter, by there being intensity, be that the two-beam signal of N1/2 is from respectively from the first and second output waveguide i2 and i3 output, the first output waveguide i2 is input to light beam signal the input waveguide Mi1 of i micro-ring resonator Mi, when voltage is high level D
i=1 o'clock, having wavelength was that the light signal that λ i intensity is 1/4 is downloaded in public download waveguide MS and output, when voltage is low level D
i=0 o'clock, light can not be downloaded, from straight-through waveguide Mi2 output.The light intensity of visible public download waveguide MS output is the intensity summation of the different light signal of the intensity different wave length downloaded of different micro-ring resonators, and setting carrier wave, to lead the output signal strength of MS be I
0, according to analysis above, I
0expression formula can be written as:
According to binary number, convert metric definition, output intensity I to
oby binary numeral D
1d
2l... D
nthe decimal system numerical value converting to.Thereby utilize this device to complete the function that digital signal converts simulating signal to.
It should be noted that: in the device course of work, electrical pulse sequence to be converted in time must precise synchronization.In High Speed System, need to reach synchronous requirement by special electrode design, special placement-and-routing and EMC analysis.
Fig. 4 be take the oscillogram that four optical digital-to-analog converters draw as example.
Above-described specific embodiment; object of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect are further described; institute is understood that; the foregoing is only specific embodiments of the invention; be not limited to the present invention; within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of making, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. the N position optical digital-to-analog converter based on micro-ring resonator, comprising:
N beam splitter, each beam splitter comprises an input waveguide, one first output waveguide; one second output waveguide; the second output waveguide of each beam splitter is connected with the input waveguide of next beam splitter, cascade step by step, and the second output waveguide of N beam splitter is unsettled;
N micro-ring resonator, each micro-ring resonator has the micro-ring of a silica-based nanowire, an input waveguide; one straight-through waveguide; one public download waveguide, the input waveguide of each micro-ring resonator is connected with the first output waveguide of adjacent beam splitter, N the public public download waveguide of micro-ring resonator;
The input waveguide of the first beam splitter, the signal of input is N the constant light signal that wavelength is different, the resonance wavelength of each in the corresponding N of each a wavelength difference micro-ring resonator, digital signal to be converted is for being carried in respectively N the voltage signal of the N on micro-ring resonator, from the light signal of public download waveguide output, be the simulating signal of coming from digital signal conversion, thereby the light signal of this output directly enters next stage, carry out computing or directly read result of calculation at public download waveguide access photodetector.
2. the N position optical digital-to-analog converter based on micro-ring resonator according to claim 1, wherein N micro-ring resonator is respectively with heat modulation mechanism or electrical modulation mechanism.
3. the N position optical digital-to-analog converter based on micro-ring resonator according to claim 1, beam splitter is wherein y-branch coupling mechanism.
4. the N position optical digital-to-analog converter based on micro-ring resonator according to claim 1, wherein a N to be converted voltage signal acts on N micro-ring resonator by modulation mechanism respectively, definition electric impulse signal is that low level is that ' 0', electric impulse signal is that high level is logic ' 1' to logic.
5. the N position optical digital-to-analog converter based on micro-ring resonator claimed in claim 4; wherein a N to be converted voltage signal is defined as the mode of action of micro-ring resonator separately: in micro-ring resonator, institute's making alive signal is logical one at operating wave strong point resonance, and the light signal of output is coupled to public download waveguide output; In micro-ring resonator, institute's making alive signal is logical zero at operating wave strong point resonance not, and light signal is from straight-through waveguide output.
6. the N position optical digital-to-analog converter based on micro-ring resonator described in claim 1,4 or 5, each logical value of a N to be converted voltage signal Accurate align in time wherein, i.e. each logical value precise synchronization in time.
7. according to the N position optical digital-to-analog converter based on micro-ring resonator described in any one in claim 1-4, wherein said digital to analog converter adopts the silicon materials preparation on insulator.
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| CN103678258B (en) * | 2013-12-25 | 2017-01-25 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | Method for improving data resolution ratio of silica-based optical matrix processor |
| CN107769783B (en) * | 2017-11-08 | 2020-12-15 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | Multi-mode digital-to-analog converter |
| JP6871206B2 (en) * | 2018-03-02 | 2021-05-12 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | Optical calculator |
| WO2019167620A1 (en) * | 2018-03-02 | 2019-09-06 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | Optical arithmetic unit |
| JP7163666B2 (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2022-11-01 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | Optical digital/analog converter |
| CN112255195B (en) * | 2019-07-06 | 2021-10-26 | 上海交通大学 | Refractive index sensing device based on few-mode silicon nitride micro-ring resonator |
| CN111208690B (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2020-07-21 | 光子算数(北京)科技有限责任公司 | Optical digital-to-analog converter, signal processing system and photonic neural network chip |
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| US6411752B1 (en) * | 1999-02-22 | 2002-06-25 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Vertically coupled optical resonator devices over a cross-grid waveguide architecture |
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