RU2407542C2 - Method of treating babesiasis in dogs - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine, veterinary science.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to area of veterinary protozoology, particularly to therapy of babesiasis in dogs. The method involves the introduction of diminazene aceturate preparations and symptomatic drugs. The diminazene aceturate preparations are injected intramuscularly twice over 24 hours in dose 2.5-3.0 mg/kg of body weight at the active raw material in the form of 7% solution. Simultaneously, the symptomatic drugs are administered. The symptomatic drugs are as follows: hypodermic injections of Riboxinum or sulfocamphocaine once or twice a day for 5 days in dosage 0.5-1.0 ml per one animal depending on live weight, prednisolone in dosage 0.5-1.0 ml per one animal depending on live weight intramuscularly once a day for 3 days, 12.5% Ethamsyilate intramuscularly in dosage 1.0 ml per 20 kg of live weight once a day for the first 2-3 days of treatment and Essentiale Forte in dosage 2-5 ml per one animal depending on live weight intravenously for 5 days.

EFFECT: invention combining the measures of etiotropic and pathogenetic effect allows to enable good therapeutic effect, to avoid complications and to reduce lethality following babesiasis in dogs considerably.

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Description

The alleged invention relates to the field of veterinary protozoology, in particular to the development of methods for controlling dogs babesiosis.

Dog babesiosis (pyroplasmosis) is a natural focal protozoal transmissible non-contagious blood-parasitic disease caused by the simplest parasite Babesia canis. The disease is superbuilding, acute and chronic. The defeat of the body of the dog Babesia canis causes fever, a sharp increase in body temperature to 41-42 ° C, held for 2-3 days, followed by a rapid drop. Dogs have a lack of appetite, depression, depression, a weak filamentous pulse of up to 120-160 beats per minute. Heart beat boosted. Breathing quickened to 36-48 per minute and difficult, in young dogs often with a groan. The mucous membranes of the oral cavity and conjunctiva are anemic, icteric. Intensive destruction of red blood cells is accompanied by jade. The gait becomes difficult, hemoglobinuria appears. The disease lasts from 2 to 5 days, often fatal.

Therapy of dogs babesiosis involves, first of all, the use of anti-rabies drugs. In recent years, a large number of works on the treatment of dogs babesiosis have been published. The authors noted the high therapeutic activity of preparations based on diminazene acetate in various forms at a dose of 3.5 mg / kg in terms of active ingredient (active ingredient). However, according to many authors, in this dose, the drugs often cause toxic effects, and when it is exceeded, they also cause nervous ones, the so-called “azidine psychosis”.

There is a method according to which, for the treatment of dogs babesiosis, drugs based on diminazene acetate are used in a dose of 3.5 mg / kg body weight in terms of DV [1].

There is also known a method according to which babesiosis of dogs is treated by intramuscular administration of preparations based on diminazene acetate in a dose of 3.5 mg / kg live weight in terms of DV. In addition, prednisone, gamavit, and isotonic solutions are included in the course of treatment [2]. Prototype.

The objective of our research was to develop an effective way to treat dog babesiosis, which avoids side effects.

This was achieved thanks to the use of drugs based on diminazene appetrate in a dose of 2.5-3.5 mg / kg body weight and means of symptomatic therapy.

The essence of the proposed method is as follows. Based on the obtained experimental and clinical data, we propose to use for the treatment of dogs babesiosis preparations based on diminazene apeturate (Batrizin and Fa.Try.Baml.) At a dose of 2.5-3.5 mg / kg live weight for DV twice intramuscularly with an interval of 24 hours.

To reduce the pathological effects resulting from the vital activity of parasites and their mass death after the introduction of anti-rabies drugs, as well as to reduce the toxic effects of the drugs themselves, we propose the use of various symptomatic therapy drugs. In general, at present, the recommended regimen for symptomatic treatment of dogs babesiosis is 5 days and looks as follows:

- Official cardiac products (riboxin, sulfocamphocaine) 1-2 times a day for 5 days in the form of subcutaneous injections.

- The official hormonal drug Prednisolone at a dose of 0.5-1.0 ml per animal, depending on live weight, intramuscularly once a day for 3 days.

- The official drug Etamsylate (dicinone) in the form of a 12.5% solution intramuscularly at a dose of 1.0 ml per 20 kg of live weight once a day for the first 2-3 days of treatment.

- An official hepatoprotector Essential Forte at a dose of 3-5 ml per animal intravenously for 5-7 days.

This method of treatment was a mandatory therapy, which was prescribed in veterinary clinics for all dogs with the diagnosis of babesiosis.

Examples. We conducted 2 experiments on outbred puppies aged 2-4 months, with a live weight of 2-5 kg. Infection was carried out by subcutaneous administration to puppies of blood of dogs with babesiosis in a dose of 2 ml per animal. Blood was received in a veterinary clinic from spontaneously infected dogs during a period of vivid manifestation of clinical signs. The diagnosis was confirmed by microscopy of smears stained according to Romanovsky-Giemsa. Blood for infection was collected in sterile syringes, stabilized with heparin and stored in the refrigerator for no more than a day. To study the dynamics of parasitemia from infected puppies, blood smears were taken daily from the day of infection to the end of the experiment. At the same time, temperature, pulse rate and respiration in experimental animals were taken into account.

In the conditions of the experiment, the disease was acute. The incubation period in all animals was 2-3 days. The average temperature reached a maximum on the 2nd day from the onset of the disease (39.8-40.2 ° C) and was maintained for 2-3 days. The values of heart rate and respiration increased by 2-2.5 times also on the 2nd day from mg / kg by the onset of disease onset of the disease. Parasites in red blood cells began to be detected 36 hours after infection. By the time of the onset of clinical signs, parasitemia reached an average of 1.5-2.5%, then, with slight fluctuations, it increased to 2.9% by the fifth day of the clinical manifestation of the disease. During this period, treatment of puppies began.

Example 1. As a means of specific therapy in experiment No. 1 he was injected intramuscularly with a preparation based on diminazene acetate-bathrizine in the form of a 7% solution twice with an interval of 24 hours. In total, we used 9 puppies in the experiment, which were divided into three equal groups. In group I, the drug was administered at a dose of 3.5 mg / kg in terms of DV, in II - in a dose of 3.0 mg / kg in terms of DV, in III - 2.5 mg / kg in terms of DV (Table 1).

Table 1 The average parasitemia in the experimental groups when testing different doses of batrizin Group % daily parasitemia, X ± S _x Before the introduction of batrizin 1 in. 2 in. After administration of batrizin one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 9 10 I - 0.5 ± 0.07 1.8 ± 0.10 2.3 ± 0.13 2.9 ± 0.10 1.5 ± 0.15 0.4 ± 0.02 Food Food - II - 0.6 ± 0.04 1.5 ± 0.15 2.6 ± 0.15 2.7 ± 0.08 0.8 ± 0.06 0.2 ± 0.03 0.2 ± 0.03 Food - III - 0.8 ± 0.06 1.5 ± 0.14 2.5 ± 0.14 2.8 ± 0.20 1.8 ± 0.10 0.5 ± 0.05 0.5 ± 0.05 Food -

24 hours after the first injection of batrizin, parasitemia decreased on average to 0.8-1.5%, 24 hours after the second injection of batrizin it reached a value of 0.2-0.5%, after another 24 hours only single specimens of the parasite were visible. On the fifth day of treatment, babesia was not found in blood smears.

At the same time, drugs of symptomatic therapy were administered: cardiac drugs (riboxin or sulfocamphocaine) 1-2 times a day for 5 days in the form of subcutaneous injections at a dose of 0.5-1.0 ml per animal, depending on body weight, the hormone preparation prednisone at a dose 0.5-1.0 ml per animal, depending on body weight intramuscularly once a day for 3 days, ethamylate in the form of a 12.5% solution intramuscularly once a day in the first 2-3 days of treatment, hepatoprotector essentiale forte in a dose of 2-5 ml per animal, depending on body weight intravenously for 5 days.

Example 2. In experiment No. 2, as a means of specific therapy, we used intramuscularly a drug based on diminazene acetate-fatribanil (Fa.Try.Baml.) Twice with an interval of 24 hours. In total, in the experiment we used 6 puppies, which were divided into two equal groups. In group I, the drug was administered at a dose of 3.3 mg / kg in terms of DV (1 ml per 15 kg of mass), in group II, in a dose of 2.5 mg / kg in terms of DV (1 ml per 20 kg of mass).

24 hours after the first injection of Fa.Try.Baml. parasitemia decreased on average to 1.1-1.8%, 24 hours after the second injection of batrizin, it reached a value of 0.5-0.6%, after another 24 hours only single specimens of the parasite were visible. On the fifth day of treatment, babesia was not detected in blood smears (Table 2).

table 2 The average parasitemia in the experimental groups when testing different doses of Fa.Try.Banil. Group % daily parasitemia, X ± S _x Prior to the introduction of Fa.Try.Banil. 1 in. 2 in. Following the introduction of Fa.Try.Banil. one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 9 10 I - 0.8 ± 0.06 2.1 ± 0.18 2.8 ± 0.20 2.9 ± 0.10 1.8 ± 0.11 0.6 ± 0.04 Food Food - II 0.6 ± 0.04 1.8 ± 0.11 2.5 ± 0, 14 2.7 ± 0.08 1.1 ± 0.09 0.5 ± 0.05 0.2 ± 0.03 Food

The temperature in puppies decreased almost to normal within 12 hours after the first injection of both drugs, and after 24 hours it was already within normal limits and did not rise until the end of the course of treatment. Heart rate and respiratory rate decreased to normal within 48 hours of treatment.

At the same time, symptomatic therapy preparations were administered according to the scheme indicated in Example 1.

The use of drugs based on diminazene acetate-bathrizine (2.5-3.5 mg / kg in terms of DV) and Fa.Try.Banil. (2.5-3.3 mg / kg DV), intramuscularly twice with an interval of 24 hours, together with the preparations of symptomatic therapy, showed a satisfactory anti-rabies effect in the absence of side effects.

Feasibility study. The use of our proposed method of treatment, combining measures of etiotropic and pathogenetic effects, allows to obtain a high therapeutic effect, avoid complications and significantly reduce mortality in dogs with babesiosis.

The proposed method was tested by us with a positive result in veterinary clinics in Moscow and Orenburg in 2004-2008 on 1445 dogs with babesiosis.

This method will find application in the treatment of dogs with babesiosis in veterinary clinics and will strengthen measures to combat hemoparasitic diseases.

Information sources

1. Strashnov D.A. The study of the chemoprophylactic and sterilizing properties of berenil in experimental pyroplasmosis of dogs // Scientific Works of the Stavropol Agricultural Institute, issue 38, vol.5.1975 - p.9-10.

2. Abstract of diss .... candidate of veterinary sciences: Kosheleva MI Babesiosis of dogs in the conditions of the Moscow region, Moscow, 2006 - 3 p.

Claims (1)

A method of treating dogs babesiosis, comprising administering drugs based on diminazene acetyrate and symptomatic drugs, characterized in that drugs based on diminazene acetate are administered intramuscularly twice with an interval of 24 hours at a dose of 2.5-3.0 mg / kg body weight according to the current the substance in the form of a 7% solution and at the same time the preparations of symptomatic therapy are administered: cardiac drugs riboxin or sulfocamphocaine 1-2 times a day for 5 days in the form of subcutaneous injections at a dose of 0.5-1.0 ml per animal, depending on live weight, the hormone preparation prednisone at a dose of 0.5-1.0 ml per animal, depending on live weight intramuscularly once a day for 3 days, ethamylate in the form of a 12.5% solution intramuscularly at a dose of 1.0 ml 20 kg of live weight once a day in the first 2-3 days of treatment, hepatoprotector essentiale forte at a dose of 2-5 ml per animal, depending on live weight, intravenously for 5 days.