RU2405555C1 - Method of preventing lactation exhaustion in highly-productive cows - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine, veterinary.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to field of veterinary andanimal breeding. Method includes feeding to cows of food addictive 15 days before calving and for 90 days after calving. Day doze of food addictive constitutes 100 g. per head. Food addictive contains: sodium hydrocarbonate - 30 g, potassium iodide -15.0 mg, cobalt chloride - 10 mg, copper sulphate - 62 mg, zinc sulphate - 270.0 mg, Hermivite - to 100 g.

EFFECT: method allows to normalise metabolic process in cows, stimulate milk productivity and improves reproductive function of highly-productive animals.

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Description

The invention relates to agricultural production, and more specifically to a method for maintaining productive health in highly productive cattle.

It has now been proven that the genetic potential of the milk productivity of cattle can be most fully manifested only if it is fully fed, since milk productivity of 60% is provided by this factor. Highly productive animals are much more demanding of feeding conditions than animals with average productivity. A systematic deficiency or excess of certain nutrients leads to metabolic disorders in their body and, as a result, to a decrease in milk productivity, deterioration of reproductive function and premature rejection of animals (V.T. Samokhin. Prevention of metabolic metabolic disorders in animals. Dubrovitsy, 2007) .

A high level of milk productivity and the normal physiological state of highly productive cows are possible only with a detailed rationing of the needs for energy, nutrients, minerals and biologically active substances and in ensuring these needs through the rational selection of feed and appropriate feeding.

Feeding cows in the dry period affects the quality of offspring and milk yield in the subsequent lactation. After calving, lactating cows have a high need for energy, which is not always covered by the daily intake of nutrients in the main diet. In this regard, the lack of energy and nutrients for the formation of milk, the cow borrows from the body's reserves, which in turn can lead to a significant reduction in live weight.

In practice, this problem is solved by introducing an increased amount of concentrates - up to 400-500 g per 1 kg of milk - into the diet during the milking period. However, high levels of concentrates violate the ratio of nutrients in the diet, lower the percentage of crude fiber in dry matter below the permissible level, which leads, as a rule, to serious disorders of cicatricial digestion, increased formation of scarring and absorption of butyric acid, the main source of ketone bodies. This can cause acetonemia or ketosis in cows. At the same time, the level of glucose in the blood, urine and milk decreases, the buffer capacity of the blood decreases, which leads to metabolic disorders and a decrease in animal productivity. The disease is most pronounced in the first 6-10 weeks after calving, when large energy costs are required for the formation of milk. Energy deficit in the post-hotel period occurs due to loss of animal appetite and the inability to replenish energy from consumed feed. First of all, highly productive cows are predisposed to acetonemia, since, in them, to a greater extent, due to feed, actual losses with milk are not covered.

Known methods for preventing the development of postpartum acidosis and lactational malnutrition. Most authors propose using propylene glycol-based preparations as a source of easily digestible energy (NP Buryakov. Use of the Acetone-Energy energy supplement in feeding highly productive cows. J. Bio. - 2006. - No. 10. P.33-36; Fomichev Yu.P. Use of propylene glycol and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in feeding highly productive cows [Electronic resource. Access mode: http://www.nutri-tec.ru/text/prop1.doc.). However, these drugs are synthetic derivatives and have a high cost (200-250 rubles / kg).

It is also known that in the conditions of the Non-Chernozem zone, for the prevention of metabolic disorders in highly productive cows, a premix based on sodium chloride with the inclusion of potassium iodide, cobalt sulfate salts, copper, etc. is recommended. Premix is introduced into the diet daily, preferably with compound feed, it is possible with silage (see Kalnitsky BD Mineral substances in animal feeding. - L .: Agropromizdat, 1985, p.172-173).

The disadvantage of this premix is the high content of sodium chloride, which is not always favorable for highly productive animals.

The objective of the invention is to develop a method for the prevention of lactational depletion of highly productive cows using a therapeutic and prophylactic feed additive based on potassium iodide with trace elements salts, which allows, without changing the accepted feeding technologies and without large additional costs, using generally available components and preparations, to improve and correct the condition of animals and get from highly productive cows, healthy offspring with an increase in milk yield and milk quality.

The problem is solved in that a therapeutic and prophylactic supplement containing micronutrient salts and a filler is introduced into the cows ’diet, while the feed supplement contains sodium bicarbonate, potassium iodide, cobalt chloride, copper sulfate and zinc sulfate, and Hermivit as the filler, in the following ratio of components: sodium bicarbonate - 30 g, potassium iodide - 15.0 mg, cobalt chloride - 10 mg, copper sulfate - 62 mg, zinc sulfate - 270.0 mg, Hermivit - up to 100 g, and a feed additive for the prevention of lactation depletion in highly cortex They begin to feed them 15 days before calving and continue 90 days after calving, while the daily dose of the feed additive is 100 g per head, and a similar amount (100 g) of concentrated feed is excluded from the diet.

A concentrated feed supplement is administered. The proposed feed additive is conditionally named Enerlact.

Considering that in highly productive cows, during metabolic dysfunction, metabolic disorders often occur, which are manifested by the development of acidosis, sodium bicarbonate and a complex of essential trace elements that prevent the acidotic shift of metabolic processes were added to the supplement. The composition of the additive was developed taking into account the supply of cows with energy and a complex of essential trace elements. As an energy filler was used a natural product - Hermivit.

Germivit - a natural product obtained from wheat germ according to the original technology, containing vitamins A, E, a complex of trace elements. Germivit is a homogeneous loose powder of yellowish color with a faint specific smell of fried seeds of cereals and oilseeds, a sweetish specific taste. Germivit is obtained from natural fresh wheat germ by cold pressing. Due to shear deformations during the extraction process, the cell structure is almost completely destroyed and all active and biologically valuable products are in a form more accessible to the body. Hemivitis is an environmentally friendly source of biologically active substances, has pronounced antioxidant and antitoxic properties.

The filler Hermivit has the following composition:

1. Amino acid composition,%:

Lysine - 1.93; methionine - 0.64; cystine - 0.42; histidine - 0.87; arginine - 2.47; threonine - 1.20; serine - 1.23; proline - 1.18; glycine - 1.65; alanine - 2.10; valine - 1.58; isoleucine - 1.06; leucine - 1.84; tyrosine - 0.85; aspartic acid - 2.31; glutamic acid 4.01; phenylalanine - 1.12.

2. Mineral composition:

Se - 0.059 mc / kg; Mg - 2500-3500 mg / kg; Zn - 112-170 mg / kg; Fe - 126-140 mg / kg; Cu - 15-30 mg / kg; Mn - 205-230 mg / kg; Beta-carotene - 1.3-1.5 mg / 100 g; Vitamin E - 72 mcg in 1 g; Ca - 0.02%; P - 1-1.2%; Na - 0.15%.

3. General nutritional value:

Crude protein - 31-33%; Crude fat - 6-8%; Humidity - 5-7%;

Crude fiber 2-3%; Crude ash - 4.87%; Exchange energy - 331 kcal.

All components of the additive are compatible with each other, are approved for use in animal husbandry and do not have a negative effect on the animal's body.

Preparation of additives begins with weighing the required amount of each component. When mixing the components, a certain sequence must be observed. First, potassium iodide is mixed with a small amount of sodium bicarbonate. This technique provides stabilization of iodine in the supplement. Iodine preparations are unstable and can decompose during storage or enter into chemical reactions with other elements. With the breakdown of iodine preparations, sodium salts trap iodine ions, thereby preventing their loss. Other trace elements are mixed first with a small amount of Hermivit, then with the rest of the necessary amount, which ensures their uniform distribution. Enerlact is packaged in paper bags and labeled in accordance with the requirements of GOST. The additive can be stored in a cool, dry place for 6 months from the date of manufacture.

The ratio of components and the timing of introduction into the diet (15 days before calving and 90 days after) were determined empirically and according to the results of production experiments and studies.

Testing of the proposed method was carried out in the conditions of scientific and industrial experience in the farms of the zone of the Urals and Trans-Urals. Performance monitoring was carried out by changing the results of clinical observations, morpho-biochemical blood parameters and productivity indicators of two groups of analogous cows, 45 animals each. The experimental group 15 days before calving and 90 days after received the proposed supplement. The second group of cows served as control, kept separately and received only an economic diet. In the control and experimental groups were selected dead cows with a planned productivity of 6800-7100 kg of milk. The cows of both groups were constantly monitored, the main physiological parameters were measured daily, a complete clinical examination, including simultaneous blood and urine tests, was carried out three times at regular intervals during the experiment. The first study corresponded to the beginning of the experiment.

The composition of the additives used in the experiments for the prevention of lactation depletion in highly productive cows is presented in table 1.

Table 1 The composition of the therapeutic additive Enerlact for highly productive cows Components Daily dose Sodium bicarbonate, g 30,0 Cobalt chloride, mg 10.0 Copper sulfate, mg 62.0 Zinc sulfate, mg 270,0 Potassium iodide, mg 15.0 Germivit (filler) g up to 100.0

Before the start of the experiment, there were no significant differences between the results of blood tests of cows from the experimental and control groups. Clinical examination revealed liver enlargement in 32.4% of the animals. In 34.2% of the examined animals, resorption of the last rib by more than half was found. Osteolysis of the caudal vertebrae up to 25-30 cm was detected in 56% of the examined cows.

In urine tests, 28.6% of the samples tested showed a positive qualitative reaction to ketone bodies (from weakly positive - 38%; to sharply positive - 10%).

Regular clinical observations of cows in the control and experimental groups during the test period showed that in cows receiving Enerlact, the clinical condition remained more stable throughout the experiment than in cows in the control group. The previously noted signs of impaired mineral metabolism in the cows of the experimental group throughout the experimental period remained, but did not progress, as in the control group.

In cows of the experimental group, signs of mineral deficiency progressed closer to calving. At the same time, a complex of interrelated clinical signs developed in cows. Most control cows showed an increase in liver boundaries and organ soreness. Before calving, 15% of the cows showed curvature of the spine in the form of lordosis. Violation of the growth of the hoof horn, excessive growth or curvature of the hooves was accompanied by impaired staging of the limbs and impaired gait. In some cases, the cows developed sore bones, clicks and a crunch in the joints. All these signs were especially pronounced in the cows of the control group. In addition, in 16 cows (35.5%), a loss of live weight was observed 7-10 days after calving, which led to depletion during the first month after calving.

The cows of the experimental group showed an improvement in the clinical condition, as confirmed by the results of a blood test. Compared to the previous study, the phosphorus-calcium ratio was normalized in the blood of the cows of the experimental group, the cholesterol content was reduced, the ratio of protein fractions was normalized, the urea content was increased, which indicates the normalization of liver function. In the study of urine, ketone bodies were not detected in experimental animals, while in the control group ketonuria was found in 30% of cows.

Constant biochemical control made it possible to establish that after feeding Enerlact in animals there is a tendency to increase glucose and reserve alkalinity, although the difference with control animals was not significant. It is known that damage to the liver parenchyma leads to a decrease in the synthesis of proteins created by hepatocytes. After feeding, the most characteristic changes occurred in protein metabolism. After 30 days, the total protein content compared to the initial data in experimental animals increased by 8.5%, while in the control protein remained at the same level. 3 months after drug administration, the protein level in the experimental animals was 11–13% higher than in the control. A significant increase in the level of albumin indicates an increase in the protein synthesizing function of the liver. During pregnancy, the load on the liver increases, which exacerbates the development of dystrophic and necrobiotic processes. Damage to liver cells is accompanied by a decrease in blood cholesterol and urea. In experimental animals, the cholesterol and urea content increased and reached physiological norms.

In 46.8% of the samples, a reduced calcium content was detected to 2.1-1.9 mmol / l, the phosphorus content was at the upper physiological values, in 63% of the samples, the ratio of calcium and phosphorus was disturbed in the direction of increasing phosphorus, which indicates the development of an acidotic state . An immunological study found a low content of T- and B-lymphocytes, low phagocytic activity of neutrophils (table 2).

table 2 The result of a biochemical blood test when feeding Enerlact (after 30 days) Indicators Study No. Groups of cows Control (M ± m) Experience (M ± m) Glucose, Mmol / L one 2.22 ± 0.08 2.18 ± 0.08 2 2.19 ± 0.04 2.28 ± 0.07 3 2.26 ± 0.11 2.36 ± 0.04 Reserve. alkali, Vol.% CO ₂ one 48.3 ± 2.14 44.17 ± 2.21 2 45.6 ± 6.84 46.38 ± 3.95 3 49.62 ± 5.33 52.12 ± 6.14 Total protein, g / l one 73.15 ± 4.72 72.22 ± 5.78 2 72.68 ± 3.96 78.35 ± 5.91 * 3 71.98 ± 5.36 80.05 ± 4.93 * Albumin,% one 20.12 ± 5.22 21.59 ± 4.99 2 21.18 ± 3.61 29.43 ± 4.11 3 22.34 ± 2.96 34.82 ± 3.67 * α-globulins,% one 17.65 ± 2.06 20.96 ± 5.72 2 16.10 ± 3.73 22.35 ± 2.17 3 29.66 ± 3.52 19.82 ± 1.76 β-globulins,% one 35.83 ± 3.14 25.99 ± 4.58 2 25.75 ± 3.40 19.67 ± 1.92 3 37.84 ± 5.06 17.55 ± 1.14 * γ-globulins,% one 26.40 ± 2.31 31.46 ± 3.16 2 32.97 ± 3.20 28.55 ± 2.88 3 14.16 ± 1.57 27.81 ± 2.93 * Urea, mmol / l one 3.95 ± 0.33 2.08 ± 0.81 2 2.89 ± 0.41 3.98 ± 0.65 3 2.67 ± 0.39 4.88 ± 0.82 * Cholesterol, mmol / l one 4.37 ± 0.83 4.24 ± 1.07 2 3.73 ± 1.01 4.56 ± 0.74 3 3.62 ± 0.94 4.92 ± 0.81 Calcium, Mmol / L one 2.52 ± 0.09 2.60 ± 0.11 2 2.46 ± 0.05 2.55 ± 0.06 3 2.31 ± 0.03 2.34 ± 0.03 Phosphorus, mmol / l one 1.54 ± 0.07 1.62 ± 0.12 2 1.55 ± 0.03 1.58 ± 0.08 3 1.53 ± 0.06 1.55 ± 0.06 Magnesium, Mmol / L one 0.99 ± 0.07 1.01 ± 0.09 2 0.98 ± 0.04 0.96 ± 0.05 3 0.99 ± 0.06 0.88 ± 0.07 AsAt, mmol / l one 2.86 ± 0.02 2.98 ± 0.04 2 3.08 ± 0.11 2.73 ± 0.09 3 4.56 ± 1.01 1.86 ± 0.05 * AlAt, mmol / l one 1.56 ± 0.01 1.64 ± 0.05 2 1.89 ± 0.02 1.57 ± 0.03 3 1.98 ± 0.04 1.42 ± 0.04 * The difference with the control is significant.

Thus, feeding of Enerlact had a positive effect on the general clinical condition, the course of the postpartum period and the reproductive function of highly productive cows and prevented the development of lactation depletion (table 3).

Table 3 The state of the reproductive function of cows Indicators Experimental group (n = 45) Control Group (n = 45) Pathological birth 31 3 Retention of the placenta 33 3 Endometritis 26 5 Uterine Subinvolution eighteen 3 Hypofunction of the ovaries 24 2 Duration of the service period (days) 143 84

The initial level of productivity according to the previous lactation before feeding Enerlact in the control group was 23.7 liters, in the experimental - 23.2 liters. Accounting for milk productivity indicates that 58% of cows treated with Enerlact showed a constant increase in milk production. In general, in the experimental group, the average daily milk yield amounted to 28.8 liters throughout the entire experiment. In control animals, the average daily milk yield over 90 days decreased from 23.7 to 18.9 liters (table 4).

Table 4 Milk productivity of cows in the control and experimental groups, l / day (group average) Productivity through to experience 30 days 60 days 90 days The control 23.7 24.4 20,4 18.9 Experienced 23,2 28.8 29.4 28,2

Thus, the introduction of a natural environmentally friendly feed additive Enerlact in the diet of highly productive cows helps to normalize metabolic processes, prevents the development of lactational depletion, and helps to smooth the lactation curve. In addition, feeding this supplement provides an increase in indicators of natural resistance, normalization of reproductive function and an increase in milk production of cows.

An unobvious effect of the proposed method for feeding highly productive cows is that empirically selected on the basis of an analytical review of such feed additives and a large number of laboratory experiments, the composition of the Enerlact feed additive used in the method allows preserving the treatment and prevention Enerlact properties for a long time, which positively affects highly productive cows receiving Enerlact in the indicated doses and according to the proposed scheme.

The experiments and the results presented (see tables 2-4) showed the feasibility, effectiveness and prospects of the proposed method.

Thus, practically on the basis of experiments, it was found that feeding the Enerlact feed additive according to the proposed method to highly productive cows in the regions of the Urals and Trans-Urals helps to normalize metabolic processes, stimulates milk production and improves the reproductive function of highly productive animals.

The method can be widely used both in the zone of the Urals and Trans-Urals, and in other zones and regions of the Russian Federation, in which lactational depletion is recorded in highly productive farm animals, in particular cows.

Claims (1)

A method for the prevention of lactation depletion in highly productive cows, including the introduction of a feed additive containing micronutrient salts and a filler into the diet, characterized in that the feed additive contains sodium bicarbonate, potassium iodide, cobalt chloride, copper sulfate and zinc sulfate, and Hermevit as a filler, when the following ratio of components: sodium bicarbonate - 30 g, potassium iodide - 15.0 mg, cobalt chloride - 10 mg, copper sulfate - 62 mg, zinc sulfate - 270.0 mg, Germivit - up to 100 g, and the feed additive is fed 15 days before calving and continue 90 days after calving, while the daily dose of feed additives is 100 g per head.