RU2402188C1 - Method for disinfection of grain seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: agent for treatment of grain seeds, including chloride of polyhexamethylene guanidine and 2-ethylhexylphosphate.

EFFECT: agent provides for disinfection of seeds due to synergism of mutual action.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and for presowing treatment of seeds.

Known means for disinfecting seeds of cereal crops, consisting of an activated solution at a pH of 9.5 in the presence of active chlorine of 10.3 mg / rast. (Pat. Russian Federation №2195800, cl. A01C ^1/00, 2003).

However, the chlorine present in the solution not only kills harmful bacteria and fungi, but also worsens the quality of the seeds.

It is also known a means for seed comprising in its composition fungicide: or triadimenol bitertanol (Pat RF №2168885, Cl A01 C ^1/06, 2001 g...).

The disadvantages of the known funds include the high cost of the drug, in addition, the spectrum of suppression of fungi and bacteria is limited.

Closest to the proposed invention is a tool for treating seeds of cereal crops containing polyhexamethylene guanidine chloride (PHMG) and water (RF patent No. 2328854, class A01N 47/44, 2008).

The disadvantage of this tool is the relatively high cost,

The technical problem solved by the invention is the enhancement of its bactericidal characteristics due to the synergism of the mutual action of the PGMG chloride and HOUR, thereby leading to a decrease in the cost of the drug.

Entering into synergistic interactions with other active substances, PHMG potentiates their properties.

To solve the technical problem in the means for disinfecting seeds of grain crops, including polyhexamethylene guanidine chloride (PHMG), an additional quaternary ammonium compound (QAS) - 2-ethylhexyl phosphate of sodium is additionally introduced in the following ratio of components in wt.%:

- PHMG Chloride 10-20 - HOUR 0.2-0.5 - water rest

PGMG chloride has the BIOPAG trademark and is produced by the Institute of Ecological and Technological Problems (Moscow).

Polyguanidines belong to the third class of moderately hazardous substances, are not summarized in the body, they have a sensitizing effect. Polymers of the polyguanidine class are colorless and odorless, retain their biocidal properties for a long time, are environmentally friendly to nature and humans, and are compatible with various materials. In the present invention use a synergistic mixture of PHMG chloride and HOUR.

As an HOUR, sodium 2-ethylhexyl phosphate is used, which has high wetting properties with a low foaming rate. The trade name Tainolin 2EHP is manufactured by RostChemExport LLC (Russia). A synergistic mixture of PHMG chloride and HOUR, mutually complementary, contributes to a better seed disinfection. The tool is prepared by mixing PHMG and HOUR in a certain ratio, after which water is added to a certain amount.

When HR is added to the composition of the agent, a synergistic interaction of the PGMG and the HR occurs, which helps to increase the rheological characteristics of the agent. When the grain dries, the formation of a thin layer of biologically active coating is observed, that is, microencapsulation of the grains actually occurs.

The procedure for seed dressing is as follows: in the pickling machine PS-10A (CJSC firm "August") load the means for disinfecting seeds, after which the seeds are lifted through the screw, which are soaked in the means. For pickling, it is recommended to take seeds cleaned of impurities and dust. This guarantees a good adherence of the product and, therefore, a better pickling quality. As a rule, seeds are treated directly before sowing. The quantitative ratio of the ingredients of the funds is selected experimentally and is optimal.

If the PHMG chloride in the composition of the product is less than 10 wt.%, Then this will affect the quality of disinfection. If the PHMG chloride is more than 20 wt.%, This can lead to the sticking of grains. If the composition of the HOUR means is less than 0.2 wt.%, Then this will lead to a weakening of the total effect of the composition. And with its increase of more than 0.5 wt.% Will lead to a drop in efficiency regarding the formation of a high-quality film on the surface of the grain.

Seed disinfection is an economically viable procedure, since it largely determines the condition of crops and the number of subsequent treatments.

During the growing season, plants will be less susceptible to disease, which means they will need to be processed less. In some cases, this procedure allows you to postpone the period of subsequent spraying of crops with fungicides and even completely abandon them.

Example 1

In the pickling machine PS-10A, load the product with the contents of the components:

PHMG Chloride 2.5 l HOUR 0.125 L

Then add water at a temperature of 20 ° C, so that the total amount of the solution was 25 L. Then, wheat seeds are lifted along the screw with the condition that they are completely saturated with the product. The number of seeds is 100 kg. After impregnation, the seeds are unloaded into the hopper. Treated seeds are ready for planting in the soil.

Example 2

In the pickling machine PS-10A, load the product with the contents of the components:

PHMG Chloride 3.75 L HOUR 0.075 L

Then add water at a temperature of 20 ° C, so that the total amount of the solution was 25 L. Next, spring barley seeds are raised along the screw with the condition that they are completely saturated with the product. The number of seeds is 100 kg. After impregnation, the seeds are unloaded into the hopper. Treated seeds are ready for planting in the soil.

Example 3

In the pickling machine PS-10A, load the product with the contents of the components:

PHMG Chloride 5.0 L HOUR 0.05 L

Then add water at a temperature of 20 ° C, so that the total amount of the solution was 25 L. Next, rye seeds are lifted along the screw with the condition of their complete impregnation with the agent. The number of seeds is 100 kg. After impregnation, the seeds are unloaded into the hopper. Treated seeds are ready for planting in the soil.

The proposed tool can be used for disinfection of seeds of all crops.

The grains treated with this agent are protected by the film of the active substance formed on them. This film is resistant to mechanical damage, so the drug does not crumble.

Checking the effectiveness of seed treatment with the proposed tool was carried out in the Stavropol Territory on the experimental field of Technoprom LLC during the spring-summer of 2009. Previously processed samples of seeds of wheat, barley and peas. As a control, the seeds were treated with an aqueous solution of PHMG chloride (prototype).

To assess the effectiveness of the drug throughout the growing season, observations were made of the growth and development of plants, as well as the phytosanitary condition of the crops. The degree of development of diseases was taken into account according to generally accepted methods.

To determine the structure of the crop, 1-2 sheaf samples were taken from each plot 1-2 days before the start of grain harvesting. After drying the sheaves, the following were determined: the number of plants per square meter, the total and productive bushiness, the number of grains per ear, the mass of grain per ear, the mass of a thousand grains, the nature of the grain.

Analysis of yield data showed that the proposed tool had a significant impact on the yield of crops. So, seed treatment increased productivity:

spring wheat at 1.5-3.8 kg / ha or 4.1-10.4%;

spring barley by 1.8-3.6 kg / ha or 4.6-9.2%;

peas at 1.6-3.3 kg / ha or 10.4-21.4%.

Table 1 The effect of grain treatment on the yield of spring crops, 2009 Option Barley Spring wheat Peas productivity, kg / ha increase, t / ha productivity, kg / ha increase, t / ha productivity, kg / ha increase, t / ha Seed treatment 1. Control of PGMG chloride 39.1 1,0 36,4 1,2 15.4 1,2 2. Example No. 1 40.9 1.8 37.9 1,5 17.0 1,6 3. Example No. 2 41.6 2.5 38.7 2,3 18,4 3.0 4. Example No. 3 42.7 3.6 40,2 3.8 18.7 3.3

Claims (1)

Means for disinfecting seeds of grain crops, including polyhexamethylene guanidine chloride and water, characterized in that it additionally contains sodium 2-ethylhexyl phosphate in the following ratio, wt.%:
polyhexamethylene guanidine chloride 10-20 Sodium 2-ethylhexyl phosphate 0.2-0.5 water Rest