RU2400596C1 - Combined drainage of biopositive design - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: combined drainage of biopositive design comprises banquet and batter drainages. Batter drainage and water-receiving part of banquet drainage are made of flexible mats made of tight rows of light fascines wrapped into geonet and laid normally to direction of filtration flow. Banquet prism of drainage is made of gabion mats, filler of which is made of light fascines and perforated pipes laid in alternating layers and wrapped in gabion net. Gabion mats are laid into foundation and on collar of banquet prism normally to direction of filtration flow, and in prism body - along with direction of filtration flow. Around banquet prism of gabion mats there are binding rings arranged of reinforcement wires, which are attached to anchors installed over top of batter drainage at the distance from each other. Light fascines with diametre of 15-20 cm are made of dry cane with length of 2-2.5 m.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to improve efficiency and reliability of drainage and helps to recover green zones near water edge in lower reaches of soil structures.

2 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hydraulic engineering and environmental construction and can be used as a drainage device for earthen dams and dams.

The closest technical solution is the combined drainage of earthen dams and dams, including banquet and overflow drainage [1], made of sand-gravel and stone materials. The main disadvantages of this technical solution are:

- the need for a large amount of stone and sand-gravel material;

- the complexity of the installation of reverse filters;

- low work efficiency and biopositive design.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency and biopositivity of the design, reducing the complexity of manufacturing.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the combined drainage, including banquet and overflow drainage, the overflow drainage and the water intake part of the banquet drainage are made of flexible mattresses consisting of dense rows of light fascia wrapped in a geogrid and laid normally to the direction of the filtration flow, and the banquet prism of the drainage made of gabion mattresses, the filler of which is made of light fascines and perforated pipes, laid in alternating rows and wrapped in a gabion net, and the gabion mattresses are laid in warping and on the crest of banquet prism normal to the direction of filtration flow, and in the body of a prism - in the direction of filtration flow. At the same time, around the banquet prism of gabion mattresses in places are arranged dressing rings made of reinforcing wires that are attached to anchors arranged above the top of the overhead drainage at a distance from each other, and light fascias with a diameter of 15-20 cm are made of dry reeds 2-2.5 long m

Figure 1 shows a cross section of an earthen structure (dam or dam) along the axis of the combined drainage; figure 2 - plan of combined drainage with a horizontal section in the middle of the banquet prism; figure 3 - flexible mattress of light fascia, wrapped in a geogrid; figure 4 - gabion mattress of light fascia and perforated pipes, wrapped in a gabion mesh; figure 5 - light fascia.

Combined drainage consists of overhead drainage 1 and banquet drainage 2; overhead drainage 1 and water intake part 3 of the banquet drainage 2 were erected from flexible mattresses 4 made of light fascines 5 and geogrid 6; the prism of banquet drainage 2 is composed of gabion mattresses 7 made of light fascia 5, perforated pipes 8 and gabion mesh 9. In the base 10 and on top of 11 banquet drainage 2 gabion mattresses 7 are laid along the slope and normal to the direction of the filtration flow, and in the body drainage 2 - in the direction of the filtration flow. Around the banquet prism, dressing rings 12 of reinforcing wires attached to the anchors 13 are arranged in places.

Combined drainage biopositive design is constructed as follows, works as follows. Light fachines 5 are prepared in advance from dry reeds. After the bottom of the lower slope, a pit is developed and a platform is planned at the base for the construction of banquet drainage 2. Flexible mattresses 4 are laid normal to the direction of the filtration flow over the entire area of the base and in the area of the water intake. Next, reinforcing wires for dressing rings 12 are laid out at a certain distance from each other on top of the flexible mattresses 4. A banquet prism is constructed from gabion mattresses 7 above them along with the water receiving part 3 of the flexible mattresses 4. After that, around the drainage prism at a distance reinforcing wires are tightened from each other with the formation of tight dressing rings 12. After that, the sinuses behind the banquet drainage 2 and the earthen building are filled with soil and a downhill is planned. Then, the places for the installation of anchors 13 are just above the upper line of the overflow drainage 1, pits 0.5-0.7 m deep are developed, formwork with the installation of anchors is arranged, and concrete is poured (M-100). After the concrete has set strength, the slope is leveled and a layered drain 1 is erected, for which flexible mattresses 4 are laid in tight rows along the slope normally to the direction of the filtration flow, starting from the top of the water intake part of the banquet drainage 2 to the line above the level of the maximum possible saturation of the soil of the building body with water. The dressing rings 12 with the help of reinforcing wires passing over the overhead drainage are attached to the anchors 11.

Combined drainage biopositive design works as follows.

Filtration water, moving under the influence of hydrostatic pressure from the upstream side (WB) through the pores of the soil body of the dam or dam, falls into the zone of the water intake part 1 and 3 of the drainage. Further, flexible mattresses 4 freely accept water because of their high water permeability and pass into the catchment part 2 of the banquet prism, consisting of gabion mattresses 7. And when the mattresses 7 are saturated to the top, water will easily flow through pipes 8 and chines 5 along the slope in the NB. At high water levels in the National Park, close to and above the mark of crest 11 of the banquet drainage, the intake and removal of filtered water is provided by overhead drainage 1. The proposed design is recommended to be used in medium- and low-pressure soil dams and dams of land debris, when high water levels are possible in the National Bank under normal operating conditions. Flexible mattresses 4 and 7 provide safe intake and removal of filtered water through the body of the earthworks. Stability and durability of the drainage structure is provided by gabion mattresses 7 and reinforcing rods and rings 12 attached to the anchors 13.

Dry reeds are used in the design of the drainage with the main filtration material, which is a fairly stable and durable natural material that works effectively in the aquatic environment and is a highly draining material. Light fascines wrapped in a geogrid, forming a layered drainage 1 and water intake part 3 of the banquet drainage 2, prevent filtration deformation of adjacent soils. This eliminates the removal and penetration of small particles of soil into flexible mattresses 4 and gabion mattresses 7. In turn, gabion mattresses 7, consisting of light fascines 5 and perforated pipes 8, provide accumulation and free drainage of filtered water into the NB.

Thus, the proposed design of combined drainage for earthen dams and deboning dams will ensure the efficient reception and safe removal of filtered water through the body of structures at normal and forced water levels in the WB and NL. At the same time, combined drainage turns into a biopositive structure, which does not impede the circulation of substances and energy, helps the development of nature and is included in the river’s ecosystem, and is perceived by nature as akin to it. Combined drainage of a biopositive design can work effectively without major repairs for 15-20 years due to the fact that bulrush is a highly draining and sufficiently resistant material that can stay in an aqueous environment for 20-25 years or more. With periodic wetting and drying, the reeds retain their shape for 10-15 years and do not decompose.

Over time, overhead drainage and the top of banquet drainage 2 will overgrow with green plants. The structure of light fascia 5 from reeds contributes to the effective overgrowing of green spaces and an increase in the biopositivity of the drainage structure. At the same time, green plants do not significantly affect the filtration quality of drainage. With strong overgrowing with herbs and shrubs, the water supply ability of the upper rows of fascines 5 may decrease. And in this case, a safe drainage of the filtered water will be ensured, since part of the water will seep to the top of the drainage and go to the upper part of the drainage due to the large slope.

If the filtration properties of flexible mattresses 4 of overhead drainage 1 deteriorate over time, they can easily be replaced with new ones manually without the use of construction equipment. If necessary, you can also easily replace gabion mattresses 7 in the banquet drainage 2.

Combined drainage of a biopositive structure is recommended to be used on lowland river sections when designing new and reconstructing existing medium-pressure and low-pressure earthen dams and dams of landslide areas where stone and gravel materials are not available in sufficient quantities. And also in hard-to-reach places where the use of heavy equipment is difficult.

Information sources

1. Waterworks. Designer reference. / Under the general editorship of Dr. tech. sciences, prof., V.P. Nedrigi. - M.: Stroyizdat, 1983, p. 171-173, p. 491.

Claims (2)

1. The combined drainage of a biopositive design, containing banquet and overhead drainage, characterized in that the overhead drainage and the water intake part of the banquet drainage are made of flexible mattresses, consisting of dense rows of light fascia, wrapped in a geogrid and laid normally to the direction of the filtration flow, and a banquet prism the drainage is made of gabion mattresses, the filler of which is made of light fascines and perforated pipes, laid in alternating rows and wrapped in a gabion net, and the gabion tuff the yaks are laid in the base and on the crest of the banquet prism normal to the direction of the filtration flow, and in the body of the prism in the direction of the filtration flow. 2. The combined drainage according to claim 1, characterized in that in some places around the banquet prism of gabion mattresses there are arranged dressing rings of reinforcing wires that are attached to anchors arranged above the top of the overhead drainage at a distance from each other, and light-weight fascias with a diameter of 15-20 cm made of dry reeds 2-2.5 m long.

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