RU2390504C1 - Treatment works, water treatment method, solution - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention relates to waste water treatment, mainly flowing waste water, and to methods of disinfecting waste water and can be used in preparing waste water for discharge into a natural reservoir. Waste water enters an inlet chamber 1. Large wastes are crushed on cutting screens 2. Sand and other mineral particles removed from the waste water in sand catchers 3 enter sand storage tanks 4. Volume of incoming water is measured in a water gauge 5. Waste water is mixed with an excess portion of active sludge and is aerated in a preaeration tank 6. The treated packed excess active sludge from a methane tank is taken to sludge beds 13. Purified water is settled in primary settling tanks 7, mixed with the circulating portion of active sludge and taken into aeration tanks 8 and settled in secondary settling tanks 9. Contaminants are filtered off in rubble tanks 10 through layers of rubble load. After that the purified water is taken into a clean water reservoir 11, where before release into the natural reservoir, the water is disinfected in a contact tank 12. ^ EFFECT: invention reduces power consumption, increases operation efficiency, enables to obtain a solution whose composition is close to water in the water body into which the solution is added. ^ 11 cl, 3 dwg

Description

Application area

The invention relates to the treatment of wastewater, mainly flowing, and methods for disinfecting wastewater and can be used in the preparation of wastewater for discharge into a natural body of water.

State of the art

An analogue of the proposed method for wastewater treatment can be "Method of wastewater treatment, treatment of sludge and floating substances", RF patent No. 2208595, publ. 2003.07.20, MPK С02F 3/02, which includes the mechanical treatment of wastewater on a grate and in a sand trap, settling in the primary sump, biological treatment with activated sludge, which is supplied using a pumping sludge station, and anaerobic digestion of compacted excess activated sludge together with crude sediment and floating substances of the primary sump in the digester, an analogue of the proposed device can be devices that implement the method of wastewater treatment indicated above as an analog, and an analog of the solution, add added to the reservoir, the solution obtained by the implementation of the above as an analog of the wastewater treatment method can serve.

The disadvantages of this device are the insufficiently low hydraulic resistance in the elements of the pumping sludge station and the lines for moving activated sludge, which leads to increased energy consumption during pumping of activated sludge and the random orientation and location of the granules of the loading of the crushed stone filter, which does not allow more efficient wastewater treatment. The disadvantage of this method is the increased time intervals for mixing activated sludge with a purified wastewater solution, which increases the time for wastewater treatment. The disadvantage of this solution is the lack of proximity in composition to the aqueous solution located in the pond, to which this solution is added after treatment of wastewater from industrial products and / or human waste products.

The closest technical solution, prototypes of the proposed devices, the method of purification of wastewater and the solution obtained by wastewater treatment is, respectively, the device, method, implemented and the solution obtained at the "Installation of biological wastewater treatment", RF patent No. 21474793, publ. 1998.07.10, IPC С02F 3/02, in which wastewater is mechanically treated on a grate and in a sand trap, settled in a primary sump, biologically treated with activated sludge, which is supplied using a pumping sludge station, and compacted excess activated sludge is fermented anaerobically together with crude sediment and floating substances of the primary sump in the digester, sediment water in the secondary sump and add purified water to the pond.

The disadvantages of this device are the insufficiently low hydraulic resistance in the elements of the pumping sludge station and the lines for moving activated sludge, which leads to increased energy consumption when pumping activated sludge and the random orientation and location of the granules of the loading of the crushed stone filter, which does not allow more efficient wastewater treatment. The disadvantage of this method is the increased time intervals for mixing activated sludge with a purified wastewater solution, which increases the time for wastewater treatment. The disadvantage of this solution is the lack of proximity in composition to the aqueous solution located in the pond, to which this solution is added after treatment of wastewater from industrial products and / or human waste products.

SUMMARY OF INVENTIONS

The objective of the invention is to reduce the energy costs necessary for the operation of a complex of wastewater treatment plants, to increase the efficiency of the complex for water treatment, to obtain a solution that is similar in composition to the water in a pond, to which this solution is added after treatment of wastewater from industrial products and / or human vital products.

It is desirable to increase the fluidity of sludge as a fine-grained water-saturated unconsolidated sludge to reduce the energy costs of pumping a sludge pump station, which is possible by generating oscillations of a certain frequency and amplitude.

The granulometric composition of the load - crushed stone, for crushed stone filters, as a rule, is determined by the size of the mesh cells through which granules of different sizes are sieved. In this case, the granules have a shape different from each other with equal particle size distribution. During the process of loading the crushed stone filter, the orientation and location of each granule is random. For an integral assessment of the random nature of the orientation and location of the granules, the concept of bulk density of the material is used along with the average density of the material and the true density of the substance. The random nature of the orientation and location of the granules leads to an insufficiently dense arrangement of the granules relative to each other in the load and, as a result, to a decrease in the efficiency of wastewater treatment. When placing granules of crushed stone loading, taking into account the shape of the granules and their orientation, it is possible to obtain a denser packing of crushed stone loading.

The technical results of the inventions are:

1) a decrease in hydraulic resistance in the elements of the pumping sludge station and highways for moving activated sludge and, as a result, a reduction in energy consumption during pumping of activated sludge;

2) the rational orientation and location of the granules loading the gravel filter;

3) increasing the uniformity of the mixed solutions and suspensions and reducing the time of mixing of activated sludge with the wastewater to be purified and, as a result, reducing the time of wastewater treatment;

4) obtaining a solution at the outlet of the treatment plant complex as compared to the composition of the complex, which is closer in composition to the aqueous solution located in the reservoir to which this solution is added after the wastewater has been cleaned of industrial products and / or human waste products.

Technical result No. 1 is achieved by the fact that in the complex of treatment facilities, including a receiving chamber, grill crushers, sand traps, sand bins, a water measuring device, aerator, primary and secondary sedimentation tanks, aerotanks, crushed stone filters, clean water tanks and contact, silt platforms, sludge pumping station, mixers, systems for changing the direction, speed, turbulence or laminarity of the water flow, containing providing for changing the direction, speed, turbulence or laminar flow and water elements, input and output devices, at least part of the surface of at least one of the elements of at least one of the components of the pumping sludge station has a shape that minimizes hydraulic resistance, and the pumping station is configured to provide, in addition to pressure , allowing pumping activated sludge, generate oscillations in at least part of the line pumping activated sludge, in the frequency range from 15 to 220 Hz, at least one of the elements of at least one of the components parts of the complex are made of variable cross-section, and the crushed stone filter is loaded with loading granules that contact with each other in contact areas that do not exceed 10% of the surface of this granule for each granule, with intermittent contact areas along the granule surface and form a poly-grained spatial arrangement of loading granules of different sizes, and at least part of the loading granules are sorted by shape and size and stacked oriented in such a way as to ensure minimal volumes of inter-granular a nd packed, sorted by size and shape and oriented loading of pellets.

The term "water measuring device" should be understood as a spillway water measuring device, which allows to determine the amount of water entering the complex of treatment facilities.

The term "sump" should be understood as a system for removing suspended solids and / or mineralized and adsorbed organic substances and / or impurities from water.

The term "contact tank" should be understood as a system for disinfection, for example, by oxidation with chlorine, sodium hypochlorite, ozone, etc. or by radiation, such as ultraviolet light, organic matter in wastewater.

The term "elements for changing the direction, speed, turbulence or laminarity of the water flow" should be understood as elements of pipelines or highways, confusers and diffusers.

The implementation of at least part of the surface of at least one of the elements of at least one of the components of the pumping sludge station in the form of minimizing hydraulic resistance together with the ability of the pumping station to generate vibrations of at least part of the main pumping active sludge, in the frequency range from 15 to 220 Hz, provides better sludge flow.

Part of the surface of at least one of the elements of at least one of the components of the pumping sludge station can be made with lively elements, providing a decrease in hydraulic resistance during pumping of activated sludge.

Part of the surface of at least one of the elements of at least one of the components of the pumping sludge station can be made with paraboloid elements, providing a decrease in hydraulic resistance during pumping of activated sludge.

Part of the surface of at least one of the elements of at least one of the components of the pumping sludge station can be made with ellipsoid elements, providing a decrease in hydraulic resistance during pumping of activated sludge.

Part of the surface of at least one of the elements of at least one of the components of the pumping sludge station can be made with elements of a hyperboloid, providing a decrease in hydraulic resistance during pumping of activated sludge.

Part of the surface of at least one of the elements of at least one of the components of the pumping sludge station can be made with cone elements, providing a decrease in hydraulic resistance during pumping of activated sludge.

The execution of a part of the surface of at least one of the elements of at least one of the constituent parts of the pumping sludge station with the elements: animality and / or cone, and / or hyperboloid, and / or ellipsoid, and / or paraboloid will reduce the hydraulic resistance due to the ease of flow of its walls when changing flow parameters.

In the crushed stone filter of a complex of treatment facilities, granules of loading not sorted by shape and size can be located in parts or parts of the crushed stone filter, with the exception of parts or parts filled with sorted by shape and size and laid by oriented loading granules.

Technical result No. 2 is achieved by the fact that in the method of wastewater treatment, including the flow of water into the receiving chamber and the quenching of the pressure of the wastewater, grinding large wastes on grill grinders (commutators), removing sand and other mineral particles from wastewater from sand traps into bins sand, measuring the incoming water volume in the water measuring device, preliminary aeration of wastewater in the pre-aerator and mixing wastewater with activated sludge (excess part of activated sludge), sedimentation in the primary settling tanks Axes from which compacted excess activated sludge is fed into the meta-tanks together with the raw sludge are mineralized by the organic part of the sludge from the primary sedimentation tanks by mesophilic bacteria, which are removed to the sludge sites on a natural base, on which moisture is removed from the digested sludge from the digesters by filtration into the soil and evaporation and the sediment from which moisture is removed is removed to dumps, and the treated water, mixed with activated sludge (the circulating part of activated sludge), is sent to aeration tanks, where the treated water is aerated, in which acidify organic pollutants with oxygen, mineralize and adsorb organic pollutants with activated sludge, which after aerotanks is pumped by a sludge station, on which oscillations in the frequency range from 15 to 220 Hz and the amplitude of at least one of the elements of at least one of the constituents are generated parts of the pumping sludge station up to 0.5 mm, are pumped for mixing with the water to be treated, partially to the inlet of the aeration tanks, and partially to the pre-aerator, and the water to be purified is fed to the secondary settling tanks, in which the latter is settled, then under they purify the cleaned water into crushed stone filters, in which the contaminants removed from the secondary settling tanks are separated from the cleaned water by filtration through at least partially minimized intergranular space of the crushed stone charge, and the cleaned water is sent to a clean water tank, after which water is supplied to the contact tank in which organic inclusions in water are disinfected by oxidation with chlorine or sodium hypochlorite, or ozone, or by ultraviolet radiation, then purified water is added to the water m

The generation of oscillations in the frequency range from 15 to 220 Hz and the amplitude of at least one of the elements of at least one of the components of the pumping sludge station up to 0.5 mm during pumping for mixing with activated sludge increases the uniformity mixed solutions and suspensions and reduces the time of mixing of activated sludge with a purified solution of wastewater and, as a result, reduces the time of wastewater treatment.

Technical result No. 3 is achieved by the fact that the solution entering the waste chamber as wastewater with the following parameters: color - gray, smell - fecal, transparency - 3 cm, pH - 7.9, for suspended solids up to 140 mg / dm ³ , for ammonium nitrogen up to 14 mg / dm ³ , for BOD up to 70 mg / dm ³ , for surfactants up to 0.25 mg / dm ³ , for phosphates up to 1.4 mg / dm ³ , for iron up to 0, 65 mg / dm ³ , for copper up to 0.04 mg / dm ³ , for petroleum products up to 0.8 mg / dm ³ , for fluorine up to 0.55 mg / dm ^{3 are} cleaned in the treatment plant complex of the present invention by the wastewater treatment method invented ju to parameters: by color - colorless, by smell - odorless, by transparency - 45 cm, by pH - 7.8, by suspended substances to 7.6 mg / dm ³ , by ammonia nitrogen to 4.3 mg / dm ³ , for BOD up to 4.5 mg / dm ³ , for surfactants up to 0.1 mg / dm ³ , for phosphates up to 1.0 mg / dm ³ , for iron up to 0.18 mg / dm ³ , for copper to 0 , 01 mg / dm ³ , for petroleum products up to 0.23 mg / dm ³ , for fluorine up to 0.3 mg / dm ³ added to the reservoir. At the same time, active sludge provides for the sorption of surfactants, the accumulation of iron and copper.

Information confirming the possibility of carrying out the invention

The possibility of practical implementation of the invention is illustrated by drawings, in which Fig. 1 shows a diagram of a complex of treatment facilities, Fig. 2 shows dependences of changes in relative hydraulic resistance on oscillation parameters of elements of a pumping sludge station, Fig. 3 shows a layout diagram of crushed stone loading granules with minimized inter-granular space , figure 4 presents the layout of the granules of crushed stone loading with non-minimized intergranular space.

Position 1 denotes the receiving chamber, 2 - crusher grills, 3 - sand traps, 4 - sand bins, 5 - water measuring device, 6 - pre-aerator, 7 - primary sumps, 8 - aeration tanks, 9 - secondary sumps, 10 - crushed stone filters, 11 - a reservoir of clean water, 12 - a contact reservoir, 13 - sludge pads, 14 - a sludge pumping station.

Elements of a complex of treatment facilities are made of known materials by known methods. The connection of the elements of the treatment plant complex is also performed from known materials, for example steel pipes, by known methods, for example, by welding.

The study of the dependence of changes in hydraulic resistance in the elements of the mains of the sludge pumping station showed a decrease in the latter at a certain frequency and amplitude of oscillations.

Position 15 denotes the dependence of the change in hydraulic resistance on the oscillation frequency of the elements of the pumping sludge station at an amplitude of 0.1 mm, position 16 - at an amplitude of 0.2 mm, position 17 - at an amplitude of 0.4 mm.

Position 18 denotes granules of crushed stone, 19 - intergranular space.

The complex of treatment facilities works as follows.

Wastewater enters the receiving chamber 1, where the quenching of the pressure of the wastewater occurs. Grinding of large waste occurs on grill grinders (commutators) 2. Sand and other mineral particles from sand traps 3 are removed from wastewater 3 into sand bins 4. The incoming water volume is measured in a water measuring device 5. Preliminary aeration of wastewater and mixing of wastewater with activated sludge (the excess part of activated sludge) is produced in the pre-aerator 6. The purified water is defended in the primary settling tanks 7. Then it is fed into the meta-tanks, and the compacted excess activated sludge together with the raw sludge, mineralizing organic matter kuyu portion sludge from primary clarifiers 7 mesophilic bacteria was removed on a Silt pad 13 on a natural basis, in which moisture is removed from the fermented sludge from digesters by filtration and evaporation of the ground, and the residue from which moisture is removed, is removed in dumps. Purified water, mixed with activated sludge (circulating part of activated sludge), is sent to aeration tanks 8, where the purified water is aerated, in which organic pollutants are oxidized with oxygen, organic pollution is mineralized and adsorbed, which, after aerotanks, is pumped by the sludge station, on which oscillations are generated with a frequency of up to 220 Hz and an amplitude of elements of one of the components of the pumping sludge station 14 to 0.5 mm, they are pumped for mixing with the water to be purified, partially to the inlet of the aeration tanks 8, and partially to the pre-aerator 6. the water to be searched is supplied to the secondary settling tanks 9, in which the latter is settled, then the purified water is fed to the crushed stone filters 10, in which contaminants are extracted from the purified water, in particular into the cavities 19 located between the granules 18, removed from the secondary settling tanks by filtration through at least partially minimized intergranular space of crushed stone loading. The purified water is sent to a clean water tank 11, after which the water is supplied to the contact tank 12, in which the organic inclusions in the water are disinfected by oxidation. Purified water is added to the pond.

The solution containing the outlet is obtained from wastewater, cleaning it with the proposed method in the proposed complex of treatment facilities.

Thus, the application of the proposed technical solutions allows to achieve the technical results of inventions.

Claims (11)

1. A complex of treatment facilities, including a receiving chamber, grates, sand traps, primary and secondary sumps, aeration tanks, a sludge pumping station, mixers containing elements for changing the direction, speed, turbulence or laminarity of the water flow, input and output devices, characterized in that as lattices, it contains crusher lattices, and also includes sand bins, a water meter, sludge pads, a pre-aerator, gravel filters, a clean water tank and a contact tank, and pump sludge The station is configured to provide, in addition to a pressure that allows pumping activated sludge, to generate vibrations of at least a portion of the line pumping activated sludge in the frequency range from 15 to 220 Hz, and the crushed stone filter is loaded with loading granules that are in contact with each other in areas contact, not exceeding for each granule 10% of the surface of this granule, with an intermittent nature of the contact areas along the surface of the granule and form a poly-granular spatial arrangement of the loading granules of different large minute, and at least part of the granule loading sorted by shape and size and stacked oriented so as to provide the minimum volume of the interstitial space. 2. A method of treating wastewater, including its mechanical treatment on a grate and in a sand trap, settling in a primary sump, from which compacted excess activated sludge together with raw sludge is sent to digesters for subsequent treatment, biological treatment of water with activated sludge, settling of treated water in secondary settling tanks and the release of purified water into a reservoir, characterized in that the wastewater is first fed to a receiving chamber, where its pressure is quenched, grilles are used as grilles, in which crushers are crushed waste, and sand and other mineral particles removed from wastewater in sand traps are fed to sand bins, the incoming water volume is measured in a water measuring device, the wastewater is mixed with activated sludge and aerated in a pre-aerator, after which it is sent for settling in primary sedimentation tanks, and the treatment of compacted excess activated sludge together with crude sludge in a digester is to mineralize the organic part of the sludge with mesophilic bacteria, after which it is fed to silt sites on the base, on which moisture is removed from the fermented sludge by filtration into the soil and evaporation, while the dehydrated sludge is removed to dumps, and the water after the primary settler is again mixed with activated sludge, sent to aeration tanks, where it is aerated, oxidizing organic pollution with oxygen, mineralizing and adsorbing them with activated sludge, which, after aeration tanks, is pumped by a pumping sludge station, at which oscillations in the frequency range from 15 to 220 Hz and an amplitude of up to 0.5 mm are generated for mixing with the water to be purified partially at the input aeration tanks, and partially to the pre-aerator, after the secondary settling tanks, the purified water is supplied to the crushed stone filters, in which pollution is separated from it by filtration through at least partially minimized intergranular space of the crushed stone loading, then the purified water is sent to the clean water tank, and before By discharging into a pond water is disinfected in a contact tank. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the water is disinfected by oxidation with chlorine. 4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the water is disinfected by oxidation with sodium hypochlorite. 5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the water is disinfected with ozone oxidation. 6. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the water is disinfected with ultraviolet light. 7. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the wastewater in the pre-aerator is mixed with an excess of activated sludge. 8. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the wastewater in the aeration tank is mixed with the circulating part of the activated sludge. 9. A solution for discharge into a body of water obtained according to claim 2, containing at least water, salts, chlorine, particles of mineral substances, organic compounds, hydroxides, colorless, colorless, odorless, 45% transparent cm, at pH 7.8, for suspended solids up to 7.6 mg / dm ³ , for ammonium nitrogen up to 4.3 mg / dm ³ , for BOD up to 4.5 mg / dm ³ , for surfactants up to 0.1 mg / dm ³ , for phosphates up to 1.0 mg / dm ³ , for iron up to 0.18 mg / dm ³ , for copper up to 0.01 mg / dm ³ , for oil products up to 0.23 mg / dm ³ , for fluorine up to 0.3 mg / dm ³ . 10. The solution according to claim 9, characterized in that one of the salts is an iron salt. 11. The solution according to claim 9, characterized in that one of the salts is a copper salt.

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