RU2464239C1 - Gray waste water biological treatment plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to treatment of residential waste water and may be used in minor residential areas, cottage settlements, camps, etc, as well as settlements located in permafrost zones. Proposed plant comprises effluents feed pipeline, grating, sand trap, primary settler, disc biofilter, secondary settler, decontamination assembly made up of contact reservoir and active chlorine generator arranged there ahead, sand and silt sites, drainage pump station, dechlorination assembly, biological ponds, botanic site, pump station to feed cleaned water to residential area, and filtration trenches for soil irrigation purposes. Disc biological filter comprises alternating perforated biodiscs from electropositive and electronegative materials, aluminium and copper respectively. Area of perforation makes 10-20% of biodiscs area.

EFFECT: closed-circuit water treatment system, higher efficiency of cleaning.

3 cl, 2 dwg, 1 tbl, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of purification and disinfection of domestic wastewater by biological methods and can be used for wastewater treatment of small settlements, cottage villages, shift camps, educational and medical institutions, including infectious and tuberculosis hospitals, as well as settlements, located in the permafrost zone.

A device for cleaning and disinfecting wastewater, including a receiving chamber, grills, crushers, sand traps, sand bins, a water meter, pre-aerator, primary and secondary sumps, aerotanks, gravel filters, a clean water tank and a contact, silt pads, a silt pump station, mixers, systems for changing the direction, speed, turbulence or laminarity of the water flow (RF Patent No. 2390505, IPC C02F 3/02, C02F 9/00, publ. 05.27.2010).

The disadvantage of this device is the need for discharge of purified water, the use of reagents, a long treatment time of effluents.

The closest technical solution is a device for treating and disinfecting wastewater, including a sewage supply pipe from a settlement, a receiving chamber, a drain chamber, a grill, a flow averager, a sand trap, a primary settler, a disk biofilter of the first stage, a denitrifier with a flat charge, a disk biofilter second stage, secondary sump, wastewater tank, filter with granular loading, UV disinfection unit, outlet, coagulant solution tank, compass piping waste water tank, wash water tank, filter wash water supply pipeline, contaminated wash water pipeline, sand removal pipeline, raw sludge removal pipeline, biofilm removal pipeline, sand pad, sludge pad, drainage pump station (Shuvalov PM, “Cleaning of domestic wastewater waters of small settlements at municipal wastewater treatment plants using disc biofilters ", a / ref. dissertation for the degree of candidate. tech. Sciences, p.19, Samara, 2010, submitted to the library 05/14/2010).

The disadvantages of the device are the need to discharge purified water, the use of reagents, the need for two-stage cleaning with disc biofilters.

The objective of the invention is the creation of a closed water system without discharging treated water, the exclusion of coagulants, increasing the efficiency of biological wastewater treatment.

The problem is solved in that a biological facility for treating domestic wastewater, including a sewage supply pipe from a settlement, a grill, a sand trap, a primary settler, a disc biofilter, a secondary settler, a disinfection unit, a sand and silt site, a drainage pumping station, according to the invention additionally contains a dechlorination unit, biological ponds, a botanical site, a pumping station for supplying treated water to a settlement and filtering trenches for a soil irrigation system, Rich disc biofilter comprises alternating perforated Biodisk of electropositive and electronegative material as electronegative material used aluminum electropositive - copper, and perforations constitute 10-20% of the area Biodisk. The disinfection unit is made in the form of a contact tank, in front of which there is an active chlorine generator.

The figure 1 shows the closed water system of the village, in figure 2 - a biofilter with bio-disks.

The settlement contains sewer wells 1 connected by pipes 2 to the sewer collector 3 and the sewage pumping station (SPS) 4. The SPS 4 is connected to a biological treatment plant (BOS), including gratings 5, a sand trap 6 with sand pads 7, a primary sump 8, a biofilter with biological disks 9, a secondary settling tank 10. The sedimentation part of the settling tanks 8 and 10 is connected to sludge pads 11 equipped with a drainage pump station 12. The outlet of the settling tank 10 is connected to a contact tank 13 in front of which a generator is located active chlorine 14. Next, the contact tank 13 is connected to a dechlorination chamber 15 equipped with a compressor 16. The dechlorination chamber 15 is connected to biological ponds 17 with a botanical site 18 and a pump station 19 connected by a collector to a distribution network in the form of filtering trenches 20 of the settlement. The biofilter with biodisk 9 is a perforated alternating discs made of electropositive material 21 and electronegative material 22 mounted on a rotating axis.

The construction works as follows. Domestic wastewater accumulates in wells 1, flows by gravity into pipelines 2, collector 3 and the receiving chamber of KNS 4. The BFW technological scheme includes mechanical wastewater treatment with grates 5, sand traps 6 and primary settling tanks 8. After mechanical treatment, the wastewater is treated with biological structures, the quality of which biofilters with biological disks are used 9. In the secondary settling tanks 10, excess activated sludge is extracted. Wastewater disinfection occurs in a contact tank 13, before which active chlorine is dosed into water using an active chlorine generator 14. As a generator, it is advisable to use a membrane electrolyzer that produces sodium hypochlorite.

Wastewater treatment is carried out in biological ponds 17, before which dechlorination is carried out in the chamber 15 with the help of the compressor 16 due to the blowing of chlorine. In biological ponds 17, wastewater is treated through natural self-purification mechanisms. The final purification of organic substances and heavy metals occurs at the botanical site 18. Purified and disinfected water is used for soil irrigation of garden plots of the village. To this end, the pumping station 19, the water is pumped to the village, enters the filtering trench 20.

A distinctive ability of the proposed solution is that there is no need for deep wastewater treatment from nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), because these elements are necessary for the nutrition of green spaces in personal plots. It should be noted that the biogenic elements in classical biofeedback are extracted with the help of coagulants, which pass into the sediment, polluting it with heavy metals. Moreover, further disposal of sewage sludge is hindered precisely because of the presence of heavy metals in them.

The main element of biofilter is a biofilter with biodisk 9. Biofilter 9 refers to energy-saving devices, because does not require the use of aeration devices that consume up to 70% of the energy consumed by treatment plants. Alternating perforated disks of electropositive material 21 and electronegative material 22 are placed on the axis in the biofilter 9 on the axis. Neighboring disks form an electrochemical current source, under the influence of which oxidizing and reduction zones are formed near the surface of the disks. Purified water passing along the axis of the disks sequentially passes through alternating oxidizing and reducing zones in which additional water purification occurs due to chemical reactions. In addition, biofilms produce biofilms of different species composition of microorganisms, which also increases the effect of wastewater treatment.

Example 1. Conducted purification of domestic wastewater settlement according to the prototype and according to the invention. The results are shown in table 1.

Table 1 The residual content of pollutants, mg / l Coagulant dose, mg / l Settling time in the secondary sump, h BPCz Ammonia nitrogen Phosphates According to the prototype 5 0.5 0.2 40 1,5 According to the invention 3 6 8 0 1,0

From table 1 it follows that the invention does not use coagulants, reduced settling time in the secondary sump. The residual content of ammonium nitrogen is higher than the MPC of fishery reservoirs (MPC _px = 0.5 mg / l), phosphates are also higher (MPC _px = 0.2 mg / l), which indicates the advisability of using purified water in the soil irrigation system of green spaces . According to the invention, BOD _{5 is} less than that of the prototype, which indicates a greater efficiency of biological processes in a biofilter with biodisks creating electrochemical current sources, despite the fact that two stages of biofilters are used in the prototype.

Claims (3)

1. Biological facility for domestic wastewater treatment, including a sewage supply pipe from a settlement, a grate, a sand trap, a primary sump, a disc biofilter, a secondary sump, a disinfection unit, a sand and silt platform, and a drainage pumping station, characterized in that it additionally contains a dechlorination unit, biological ponds, a botanical site, a pumping station for supplying treated water to a settlement and filtering trenches for a soil irrigation system, the disk biofilter containing um alternating perforated bio-disks made of electropositive and electronegative material, and the disinfection unit is made in the form of a contact reservoir, in front of which there is an active chlorine generator. 2. The biological structure according to claim 1, characterized in that aluminum is used as the electronegative material, copper is used as the electropositive material. 3. The biological structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the perforations comprise 10-20% of the area of the biodisk.

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