RU2716126C1 - Settlement water management system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: water treatment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to purification and disinfection of domestic waste water and can be used for treatment of sewage water in small settlements, cottage settlements, rotational camps, educational and therapeutic institutions, including infectious and tuberculosis hospitals. Settlement water management system 1 comprises serially connected grids 5, sand trap 6, primary thin-layer settler 7, biofilter 8, secondary thin-layer settler 9, compressor 10, plasma-chemical reactor 11 with pulse voltage generator 12, bioponds 13 with higher aquatic vegetation, pumping station 14, trench geochemical barriers 15 loaded with siliconized calcite. In trench geochemical barriers 15 there arranged are copper and aluminum rod electrodes forming electrochemical current sources and perforated along the whole length pipe.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to replenish water reserves in water bodies due to infiltration and to increase effect of waste water treatment.

1 cl, 2 dwg, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of purification and disinfection of domestic wastewater by biological and physico-chemical methods and can be used for wastewater treatment in settlements, cottage villages, shift camps, educational and medical institutions, including infectious and tuberculosis hospitals.

A device for cleaning and disinfecting wastewater, including a pumping station, a receiving tank, a vibrating screen, an arc sieve, a drum or disk vacuum filter, a pump for supplying mechanically purified water, a mechanical disintegrator activator, a pump, an ejector, a mechanical aeration tank, an electrochemical apparatus purification, electrochemical disintegrator activator, hydrodynamic activator, apparatus for electrochemical treatment and electric water treatment, pump, apparatus for treating water in an electric field, wa a sour water um filter, an alkaline water filtration vacuum filter, an ejector, an ozonizer, a contact chamber, a vacuum filter, a purified water receiving tank, a second lift pumping station, a belt filter, a pump (RF Patent No. 2094394, IPC C02F 9/00, publ. 10/27/1997).

The disadvantage of this device is the need for discharge of purified water, the inability to replenish the reserves of natural water in water bodies.

The closest technical solution is the settlement’s water management system, containing a sump with thin-layer modules, a plasma-chemical reactor with a pulse voltage generator, a sewage pumping station, grates, a sand trap, a biological pond with a botanical platform, a pumped water pumping station, filtering trenches, and the high-voltage repetition rate pulses is 0.1-0.2 Hz (RF Patent 2466103, IPC C02F 9/14, publ. 10.11.2012).

The disadvantage of this invention is the impossibility of replenishing natural water in water bodies and the low efficiency of wastewater treatment.

The objective of the invention is the replenishment of natural water in water bodies, increasing the effect of wastewater treatment.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the water management system of a settlement includes serially connected gratings, a sand trap, a primary thin-layer sedimentation tank, a biofilter, a secondary thin-layer sedimentation tank, a compressor, a plasma-chemical reactor with a pulse voltage generator, biological ponds with higher aquatic vegetation, a pumping station, and trench geochemical barriers loaded with silicified calcite, in which are placed copper and aluminum rod electrodes forming electrochemical sources current, and perforated along the entire length of the pipe.

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the water economy of the village, in FIG. 2 - section of the trench geochemical barrier.

In FIG. 1 shows the water management scheme of settlement 1, containing a water intake device 2 located on the water body, and a collector 3 supplying water to the settlement 1. Wastewater generated in the settlement 1 is accumulated in the sewage pumping station 4. The settlement’s water management system The item is a series-connected device: lattice 5, sand trap 6, primary thin-layer sedimentation tank 7, biofilter 8, secondary thin-layer sedimentation tank 9, compressor 10, plasma-chemical reactor 11 with gene a pulse voltage generator 12, biological ponds 13 with higher aquatic vegetation, a pumping station 14, trench geochemical barriers 15. The cross section of the trench geochemical barrier 15 has a trapezoidal shape (Fig. 2), loaded with siliconized calcite 16 fractions of 5-20 mm, in which copper 17 and aluminum 18 rod electrodes and perforated along the entire length of the polymer pipe 19.

The sedimentary part of the sand trap 6 is connected to the sand platform 20, the sedimentary part of the sedimentation tanks 7, 9 and the biofilter 8 is connected to the silt platform 21, which in turn is connected to the compost platform 22.

The water management system of a settlement works as follows. Water from the intake device 2 through the collector 3 is supplied to the settlement 1, distributed to all consumers. Wastewater generated as a result of economic activity flows through street sewer networks to a sewer pumping station 4, from which water is pumped for treatment by pumps. Mechanical cleaning is carried out in the same way as in the prototype, namely, grids 5, sand trap 6, primary thin-layer sump 7. Next, the water is cleaned with biofilter 8 with granular loading and secondary thin-layer sump 9. Apparatus 5-9 are a classic sequence of biological treatment facilities - domestic wastewater, after which it is necessary to apply post-treatment methods to obtain water quality corresponding to the maximum permissible concentrations of pollutants for the discharge of treated waters to water bodies.

However, in recent years, a ban has been established on the discharge of normally treated wastewater into water bodies in the II and III belt of sanitary protection of a water body.

The boundaries of these zones, determined by calculation, are tens and hundreds of kilometers, which is a serious obstacle to the design and construction of sewage treatment plants.

On the other hand, the withdrawal of water from water bodies for domestic and industrial needs leads to a shortage of water in water sources, as a result of which the Code of Practice (SP 31.13330.2012) recommends providing for infiltration recharge of high-quality water sources.

In order to obtain high-quality treated wastewater, it was proposed to dose air into the water using a compressor 10, and then treat the water in a plasma-chemical reactor 11 with a pulse voltage generator 12 that generates high-voltage pulses with a voltage of 100-110 kV for a duration of 1 μs, a pulse repetition rate of 0, 1-0.2 Hz. In this case, ozone, hydrogen peroxide, and ultraviolet radiation are formed in the plasma-chemical reactor 11. The polluting organic substances are oxidized, water is neutralized from microorganisms, nitrogen gas is formed from nitrites and nitrates, and BOD (biological oxygen consumption) decreases.

Final cleaning takes place in biological ponds 13 with higher aquatic vegetation, the aeration of water in which occurs due to the outflow of water from one section to another. The wastewater purified in bioponds 13 enters a pumping station 14, which pumps water into trench geochemical barriers 15.

For dispersion of treated wastewater in the environment, SNiP 2.04.03-85 (Sewerage. Outdoor networks and structures) recommends the use of irrigation fields, sand and gravel filters, filtering trenches, and filtering wells. The invention proposes to use filtering trenches not only as a device for dispersing treated wastewater, but also as a means of deep tertiary treatment of wastewater from difficult to extract heavy metals and petroleum products. It is proposed to use geochemical barriers as filter trenches, which we called trench geochemical barriers. The effectiveness of water purification by geochemical barriers has been proved experimentally by us (Akhmetov T.O., Nazarov V.D., Goryachev BC Purification of polluted water in a geochemical barrier. // Bulletin of SASAC. Urban planning and architecture. - 2014, No. 4. - P. 48- 54).

Trench geochemical barriers 15 are parallel trenches, directed from the treatment facilities to the water body, and along the river bank the same trench is arranged, uniting the incoming water flows. Trench geochemical barriers 15 (Fig. 2) have a trapezoidal cross-section, filled with mineral granular active filtering material - siliconized calcite fraction 5-20 mm. Inside the filter material is placed a polymer perforated pipe 19, through which purified water flows in biological ponds and then distributed throughout the cross section of the trench. The length of the trench is 10-40 m.

Copper 17 and aluminum 18 rod electrodes are placed in the filtering material, which form electrochemical current sources that increase the effect of wastewater treatment. Water treated with trench geochemical barriers 15 is filtered in the ground towards the body of water.

There is an infiltration replenishment of natural water reserves with treated wastewater. To control the effect of infiltration recharge on water quality in a water body, it is necessary to take water samples in the river above and downstream of trench geochemical barriers 15.

In the process of wastewater treatment, precipitation with a moisture content of 97-98% is formed, extracted by sedimentation tanks and a biofilter. Precipitation is dehydrated on the sludge sites 21 of the drainage system. After dewatering, sewage sludge is transferred to compost sites 22, where they are biodegradable together with disintegrants, including sand from sand platform 20, agricultural and forest complex wastes, mineral additives, and inoculators. The result is commodity soil suitable for use in the agricultural sector.

Example 1

Conducted experiments on wastewater treatment according to the prototype and the invention. According to the invention, a 10 m long trench geochemical barrier was used at a filtration rate of 5 m / h. As petroleum products used benzene, which has a high solubility in water [Nazarov V.D., Zentsov V.N., Nazarov M.V. Water supply in oil production. - Ufa: Oil and gas business. 2010 - 447 p. see p. 20]. The results are shown in table 1.

* MPC _hp - the maximum permissible concentration of pollutants when discharged treated water into bodies of water for household purposes.

Example 2. Conducted experiments on the purification of wastewater with a trench geochemical barrier with a length of 10 m at a filtration rate of 3 to 10 m / h. The results are shown in table 2.

From the data given in table 1, it follows that the trench geochemical barrier increases the effect of wastewater treatment from chlorides, sulfates, sulfides, iron, manganese, and petroleum products.

From the data of table 2 it follows that the optimal filtration rate in the trench geochemical barrier is 3 m / h.

The technical result consists in achieving the possibility of replenishing water in water bodies due to infiltration, in increasing the effect of wastewater treatment.

Claims (1)

The settlement’s water management system, including serially connected grids, a sand trap, a primary thin-layer sedimentation tank, a biofilter, a secondary thin-layer sedimentation tank, a compressor, a plasma-chemical reactor with a pulse voltage generator, biological ponds with higher aquatic vegetation, a pumping station, trench geochemical barriers loaded with siliconized which are placed copper and aluminum rod electrodes forming electrochemical current sources, and perforated along the entire length of the tube bah.

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