RU2624709C1 - Technical reservoir of the complex of wastewater treatment and method of its transportation, and the complex and method of treatment of wastewater water type - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: technical reservoir of the sewage treatment plant consists of a housing and a cover. The bottom of the shell is conical in shape and provides a system for automatic sludge dumping due to hydrostatic pressure. The cover has a tap for organized emission of harmful substances. The complex of wastewater treatment of the block-hardware type consists of a pressure collector and a receiving chamber; mechanical grating, sand trap and primary settler; anaerobic zone of bioreactor and aerobic zone of bioreactor; secondary settling tank; a metering pump for introducing the coagulant at the outlet from the anaerobic zone of the bioreactor before the secondary settler; Intermediate capacity; block of mechanical and sorption aftertreatment, consisting of a fast mechanical filter and an early sorption filter; pump, aeration compressor, portable plastic basket and/or tipping trailer, connecting pipeline and sump for sludge and sediment; disinfection plants; devices for sludge of dewatering and sediment disinfection. Mechanical grating, sand trap and primary settler are designed for mechanical cleaning and are modularly executed on the ground with the claimed technical tanks. Anaerobic zone of the bioreactor and aerobic zone of the bioreactor are designed for biological treatment and are executed modularly with the claimed technical reservoirs. Primary sedimentation tank, anaerobic zone of bioreactor, aerobic zone of bioreactor, secondary sedimentation tank, mechanical and sorption post-treatment block form a single technological line. The method of wastewater treatment by a complex of wastewater treatment of the block-apparatus type is characterized by the fact that the effluents from the pressure collector enter the receiving chamber of treatment facilities; further drains enter the mechanical grilles; from the mechanical grids, the drains are fed to the sand trap. Removal of sediment from the sand trap is carried out in a bag filter; further, the effluents enter the primary settler. Removal of sediment from the primary settler is carried out through a pipeline to the pit; Further, the flows go by gravity to the anaerobic zone of the bioreactor, in which the degradation of difficultly oxidized organic matter takes place on the biocarrier with immobilized and free-floating microorganisms; further, the effluents enter the aerobic zone of the bioreactor, in which nitrification takes place under the action of aerobic nitrifying bacteria and aeration; further, the treated effluents are transported by gravity into the secondary settler. Before the secondary settler, at the outlet from the anaerobic zone of the bioreactor, a coagulant is injected by means of dosing pumps. The removal of sludge settled in the secondary sedimentation tank is carried out via a pipeline to the pit; further purified effluents enter the intermediate tank, from where they are fed by pumps to the mechanical and sorption post-treatment unit; further purified effluents are sent to the disinfection unit; sediment and sludge from the pit are pumped to the sludge dewatering device and a sediment disinfection unit.

EFFECT: increasing the sanitary reliability, ecological safety and economy of installation, expansion of the field of application.

21 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to wastewater treatment complexes, intended for deep physico-chemical and biological (combined) treatment of industrial wastewater from suspended solids, nitrogen compounds, phosphorus, surfactants and other pollutants to ensure the quality of treatment to requirements allowing the discharge of purified water in reservoirs of fishery purpose.

From the prior art, wastewater treatment technologies used to date have been developed in the late 70s - early 80s of the last century. The high cost of wastewater treatment plants and the high operating costs of wastewater treatment have developed a stereotype of subsidized drainage services. The consequence of many years of dominance of this stereotype was a catastrophic situation in the field of wastewater treatment. Wastewater treatment plants became available, with rare exceptions, only to large cities and existed mainly due to budgetary subsidies.

Designing by most suppliers is, with rare exceptions, based on design decisions of the 70-80s, the main problems of which are:

1. The use of reinforced concrete tanks-aeration tanks, which even visually demonstrates technological backwardness, in itself excludes the possibility of a hardware type of technological process, the ability to provide an optimal technological chain and automation.

2. In Russian climatic conditions, reinforced concrete tanks simply cannot be used - tightness is unattainable literally in the first years of operation, the destruction of concrete at the phase boundary, especially in winter, the need for expensive regular overhauls with a complete stop of the aeration tank - and this is a sharp decrease in productivity and, as a result, serious environmental damage.

3. The old idea of a single microbiological "boiler" - the aeration tank described above - has another serious drawback - activated sludge in old technological solutions is free-floating. This circumstance gives a minimum of 3 minus:

a) A tens to hundreds times lower concentration of activated sludge, and hence lesser efficiency of the microbiological process.

b) The age of free-floating sludge is on average no more than 2 days compared to 8 days for immobilized, which also does not contribute to the achievement of effective microbiological parameters.

c) Instability of the microbiological system to discharges of an emergency nature — short-term discharges of pollutants in excess of the permissible daily average values leads to the death and removal of activated sludge from the treatment facilities.

4. Ineffective disinfection and disposal of sludge, storage, disposal and incineration of sludge.

5. Large sanitary protection zone.

6. Limited possibilities of automation of technological processes and registration of control parameters.

7. Technological and economic inefficiency.

8. The limited use of old technologies for the treatment of concentrated and industrial wastewater.

9. Limited in the possibility of increasing (decreasing) the productivity of treatment facilities, as well as in their relocation.

10. Limited ability to adapt to the changing composition of wastewater supplied for treatment, as well as to changing requirements for the quality of treated wastewater.

11. Long regulatory construction periods.

12. Limited opportunities for crushing in the construction phases.

The prior art installation of combined wastewater treatment according to patent RU 2270809, 02.27.2006. In the known installation, after separating the mechanical impurities from the wastewater by filtering them in self-cleaning filtering devices, averaging the wastewater flow rate, exposing the wastewater to coagulants and flocculants, the wastewater is clarified in a clarifier-adhesive with a ruff nozzle and subsequent biological treatment in a bioreactor with a ruff nozzle and disinfection in filters with catalytic loading.

Also known from the prior art is a combined method: physico-chemical and biological deep treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater according to patent RU 2330588, 05/04/2007 (the closest analogue). The method includes filtering wastewater in filtering, self-cleaning devices, averaging costs, reagent coagulation and flocculation of wastewater impurities. After separation of the bulk of the wastewater impurities using a clarifier, the wastewater is treated in a bioreactor with microorganisms attached to a brush nozzle. They also recycle the treated effluents, disinfect the treated water, process, neutralize and thicken the sewage sludge, aerobic biological wastewater treatment and sludge treatment. Denitrification flotation is used to separate the bulk of the wastewater impurities during clarification. Biological processing and neutralization of flotopenes is carried out by aerobic mineralization together with regenerated sludge water from a bioreactor for wastewater treatment. Post-treatment of wastewater from phosphorus is carried out by filtering water through a brush nozzle located in the upper part and purolate in the lower part of the bioreactor. Disinfection of purified water is carried out by irradiation with ultraviolet rays.

A common and significant drawback of the above technical solutions is the lack of full automation and a low level of sanitary reliability.

The claimed technical solution fundamentally changes not only the technological process, using modern highly efficient technical solutions, but also the very concept of technical equipment and process control. The technological tank farm is a set of modular designs made of polymer materials, ground and stainless steel and galvanized steel, combining high technology, durability and aesthetics. Technological processes are fully automated. Manual labor applies only when performing maintenance operations.

The invention provides the formation of an effective trophic chain of hydrobionts - when using bioreactors, sequentially included in the technological chain, some of which realize the anaerobic process, and some are aerobic. Each bioreactor is a factory-made one with standardized units for connecting wastewater inlet-outlet, aeration system, dosing of reagents, process automation elements.

At the same time, each technological stage is carried out on a separate apparatus indoors - therefore this type of process is called the technological process of the apparatus closed type. Such a process lends itself to automation, since each of the devices is technologically autonomous. Each of the devices can be replaced by another due to a malfunction or according to technological indications - in this way high stability and flexibility of the process are achieved. All devices are of serial factory manufacturing, which ensures high quality, aesthetics and reasonable price parameters. The key parameter of pricing is of great importance - the mass production of unified bioreactors of closed type of several sizes. Bioreactors are made of stainless steel or polyethylene (or polypropylene).

Therefore, the technical result of the claimed invention is to increase the sanitary reliability, environmental safety and efficiency of the installation, expanding the scope.

The technical result achieved is achieved by the fact that the technical reservoir of the wastewater treatment complex, consisting of a body with a bottom and a cover, characterized in that the body and cover are made of high strength material and have a hexagonal shape; the bottom of the body is conical in shape, providing a system for the automatic discharge of silt sediment due to hydrostatic pressure; the lid has an outlet for the organized release of harmful substances.

According to the claimed invention, the technical reservoir of the wastewater treatment complex, characterized in that it is made of high-strength plastic or high-strength metal.

According to the claimed invention, the technical reservoir of the wastewater treatment complex, characterized in that the sediment is discharged through the center of the bottom through the pipe.

According to the claimed invention, the technical reservoir of the wastewater treatment complex is characterized in that the discharge of harmful substances is carried out through the center of the lid through a pipe.

According to the claimed invention, the technical reservoir of the wastewater treatment complex is characterized in that the dimensions of the body with a conical bottom provide transportation and storage according to the principle of "glass in glass".

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the method of transportation of technical tanks of the wastewater treatment complex is characterized in that the placement of tanks due to the conical shape of the bottom of the tank is carried out according to the principle of "glass in glass".

According to the claimed invention, a method of transporting technical tanks of a wastewater treatment complex, characterized in that the placement of at least two tanks.

According to the claimed invention, a method for transporting technical tanks of a wastewater treatment complex, characterized in that the placement of at least eight tanks.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the wastewater treatment complex of a block-apparatus type, characterized in that it consists of at least one pressure header and a receiving chamber; at least one mechanical grill, sand trap and primary sump; at least one anaerobic zone of the bioreactor and the aerobic zone of the bioreactor; at least one secondary sump; at least one metering pump for introducing a coagulant at the outlet of the anaerobic zone of the bioreactor in front of the secondary sump; at least one intermediate tank; at least one block of mechanical and sorption after-treatment, consisting of at least one quick mechanical filter and fast sorption filter; at least one pump, an aeration compressor, a portable plastic basket and / or a dumping hopper-trailer connecting the pipeline and the sludge for sludge and sludge; at least one disinfection unit; at least one sludge dewatering device and sludge decontamination unit; mechanical grilles, sand traps and a primary settler are designed for mechanical cleaning and are modularly ground-mounted with tanks according to claim 1; the anaerobic zone of the bioreactor and the aerobic zone of the bioreactor are designed for biological treatment and are performed modularly with tanks according to claim 1; the primary sump, the anaerobic zone of the bioreactor, the aerobic zone of the bioreactor, the secondary sump, the block of mechanical and sorption aftertreatment form a single technological line.

According to the claimed invention, a wastewater treatment complex of a block-apparatus type, characterized in that it contains predominantly chamber mechanical grids.

According to the claimed invention, a wastewater treatment complex of a block-apparatus type, characterized in that it comprises sand traps of a predominantly horizontal type with circular movement of water.

According to the claimed invention, a wastewater treatment complex of a block-apparatus type, characterized in that it comprises a primary settler and a secondary settler mainly with thin-layer modules.

According to the claimed invention, a wastewater treatment complex of a block-apparatus type, characterized in that it comprises primarily an ultraviolet disinfection unit, wherein the dose of ultraviolet radiation must be at least 30 mJ / cm ² .

According to the claimed invention, a wastewater treatment complex of a block-apparatus type, characterized in that it contains mainly a filter press for disinfecting sludge.

According to the claimed invention, a wastewater treatment complex of a block-apparatus type, characterized in that it comprises a predominantly microwave sludge disinfection plant.

According to the claimed invention, a wastewater treatment complex of a block-apparatus type, characterized in that it contains at least one electrocoagulator and a polarized filter, in the treatment of concentrated wastewater.

According to the claimed invention, a wastewater treatment complex of a block-apparatus type, characterized in that the mechanical grilles, sand traps and the primary settler are intended for mechanical cleaning, with ground-based execution.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the method of wastewater treatment by a wastewater treatment complex of a block-apparatus type, characterized in that the wastewater flows through the pressure header into the receiving chamber of the treatment plant; Further, the effluents enter the mechanical gratings; from the mechanical gratings, the effluents are fed to at least one sand trap, while the removal of sediment from the sand trap is carried out in a bag filter; further, the effluents enter at least one primary settler, while the sediment is removed from the primary settler through a pipeline into the pit; Further, the effluent flows by gravity into at least one anaerobic zone of the bioreactor, in which the degradation of difficultly oxidized organics on the bio-carrier occurs by immobilized and free-floating microorganisms; further, the effluents enter at least one aerobic zone of the bioreactor, in which nitrification occurs under the influence of aerobic nitrifying bacteria and aeration; Further, the treated effluents by gravity enter at least one secondary settling tank, while a coagulant is introduced using metering pumps in front of the secondary settling tank at the exit from the anaerobic zone of the bioreactor; while the removal of sludge settled in the secondary sump is carried out through a pipeline into the pit; further, the treated effluents enter at least one intermediate tank, from where pumps are fed to at least one mechanical and sorption aftertreatment unit; further treated effluents are directed to at least one disinfection unit; sludge and sludge from the pit pumps are fed to at least one device for sludge dewatering and the sludge disinfection unit.

According to the claimed invention, a method of treating wastewater with a wastewater treatment complex of a block-apparatus type, characterized in that the sediment is removed from the sand trap by hydrostatic pressure, mainly through the lower airlock in the conical bottom of the tank according to claim 1, into a bag filter and / or hopper, predominantly a dumping hopper trailer.

According to the claimed invention, a method of treating wastewater with a wastewater treatment complex of a block-apparatus type characterized in that the sludge is removed from the primary sump and the secondary sump under the influence of hydrostatic pressure, mainly through the lower airlock in the conical bottom of the tank according to claim 1 through a pipeline into the pit .

According to the claimed invention, a method of treating wastewater with a wastewater treatment complex of a block-apparatus type, characterized in that the sludge and sludge from the pit after dewatering and disinfection are removed to a landfill.

According to the claimed invention, a method of treating wastewater with a wastewater treatment complex of a block-apparatus type, characterized in that the unloading of trash from mechanical grates is carried out in portable baskets and / or dumping hopper trailers.

According to the claimed invention, a method of treating wastewater with a wastewater treatment complex of a block-apparatus type, characterized in that the duration of the flow of wastewater in the sand trap with a maximum inflow is at least 30 seconds.

According to the claimed invention, a method of treating wastewater with a wastewater treatment complex of a block-apparatus type characterized in that the settling of wastewater in a primary settler with thin-layer modules is at least 1-1.5 hours.

According to the claimed invention, a method of treating wastewater with a wastewater treatment complex of a block-apparatus type, characterized in that when the concentrated wastewater is treated, the wastewater undergoes physico-chemical treatment, for example, dosing of reagents and / or electrocoagulation, and / or passing through polarized filters.

According to the claimed invention, a method of treating wastewater with a wastewater treatment complex of a block-apparatus type characterized in that the bio-carrier has a spatial spiral structure and is made of polymeric materials.

According to the claimed invention, a method of treating wastewater with a wastewater treatment complex of a block-apparatus type, characterized in that the aeration of the effluents is carried out through pneumatic disk aerators made of sintered titanium powders.

According to the claimed invention, a method of treating wastewater with a wastewater treatment complex of a block-apparatus type characterized in that aluminum compounds, mainly aluminum polyoxychloride and / or electrocoagulator products with an aluminum electrode, are used as a coagulant.

According to the claimed invention, a method of treating wastewater with a wastewater treatment complex of a block-apparatus type characterized in that an atomized flushing is carried out for the aftertreatment filters, while the flushing water is piped into the pit.

The invention is illustrated by the following drawings.

in FIG. 1 shows a technical reservoir of a wastewater treatment complex (side view);

in FIG. 2 - technical reservoir of a wastewater treatment complex (top view);

in FIG. 3 - comparison of two technical tanks: A) The claimed technical tank of the wastewater treatment complex; B) The traditional technical reservoir of the wastewater treatment complex;

in FIG. 4 - a method of transporting technical tanks;

in FIG. 5 - comparison of two method of transportation of technical tanks: A) The claimed method of transportation of technical tanks; B) The traditional way of transporting technical tanks;

in FIG. 6 - wastewater treatment complex block-type apparatus;

in FIG. 7 - a method of wastewater treatment complex wastewater treatment block-apparatus type

The technical reservoir of the wastewater treatment complex consists of a housing with a bottom and a cover, see Fig. 1 and FIG. 2. The case and cover are made of high strength material and in plan have the shape of a hexagon. The bottom of the body is conical in shape, providing a system for the automatic discharge of silt sediment due to hydrostatic pressure. The cover has a tap for organized release of harmful substances. The dimensions of the case with a conical bottom provide transportation and storage on the principle of "glass in glass". Sediment removal is carried out through the center of the bottom through the pipe. The discharge of harmful substances is carried out through the center of the cap through the pipe.

The technical reservoir of the wastewater treatment complex can be made of high-strength plastic or high-strength metal.

A comparison of two technical tanks is shown in FIG. 3.

The main problem of the traditional technical reservoir of the wastewater treatment complex (aeration tank) (see Fig. 3B) is the low efficiency of the nitrification system. Stagnant zones are formed in the corners of the aeration tank, biological equilibrium is disturbed, which leads to the appearance of putrefactive yeast microflora, which reduces the nitrification processes. The absence of a sludge sludge discharge system leads to disruption of the natural cycle of the technological process, which is why it is necessary to stop treatment plants for the extraction and disposal of sludge.

The claimed technical reservoir of the wastewater treatment complex (see Fig. 3A) solves the problem of aerotanks by means of an automatic sludge sludge discharge system operating from hydrostatic pressure. Organized emission of harmful substances reduces the sanitary protection zone by 6 times (compared with the traditional).

The hexagonal shape of the lid and body of the claimed technical reservoir when placed relative to each other allows you to recreate any compact types of "honeycomb structure" (for example, placing the reservoirs as a "six petal flower"). Thus, the declared technical tanks of the wastewater treatment complex fit into any urban or natural landscape.

The method of transporting technical tanks of the wastewater treatment complex is that the tanks are placed relative to each other on the platform of any vehicle due to the conical shape of the bottom of the tank is carried out according to the principle "glass in glass", see Fig. four

Moreover, the method of transportation of technical tanks of the wastewater treatment complex provides the possibility of placing at least two tanks.

As well as a method of transporting technical tanks of a wastewater treatment complex, it is possible to place at least eight tanks.

The number of tanks during transportation by the claimed method increases by 4 times, and transportation costs by 6 times when compared with the traditional method. A comparison of the two method of transporting technical tanks is shown in FIG. 5.

The wastewater treatment complex of the block-apparatus type (see Fig. 6 and 7) consists of at least one pressure header (2) and a receiving chamber (3); at least one mechanical grate (4), sand trap (5) and primary sump (6);

at least one bioreactor (7), which consists of at least one anaerobic zone of the bioreactor (7a) and the aerobic zone of the bioreactor (7b);

at least one secondary sump (8);

at least one metering pump and a container for introducing a coagulant (9) at the outlet of the anaerobic zone of the bioreactor in front of the secondary sump (7a);

at least one intermediate tank (10);

at least one mechanical tertiary treatment unit (11) and sorption aftertreatment unit (12), consisting of at least one quick mechanical filter and fast sorption filter;

at least one pump (20), an aeration compressor (21), a portable plastic basket and / or a dumping hopper-trailer (17) connecting the pipeline and the sludge for sludge and sludge (16);

at least one wastewater disinfection unit (13);

at least one sludge dewatering device (14) and a sludge decontamination unit (15);

mechanical grilles (4), sand traps (5) and primary sump (6) are designed for mechanical cleaning (I) and are modularly ground-mounted with tanks (shown in Figs. 1 and 2); the anaerobic zone of the bioreactor (7a) and the aerobic zone of the bioreactor (7b) are designed for biological treatment (II) and are made modularly with tanks (shown in Fig. 1 and 2);

the primary sump (6), the anaerobic zone of the bioreactor (7a), the aerobic zone of the bioreactor (7b), the secondary sump (8), the mechanical tertiary treatment unit (11) and the sorption tertiary treatment unit (12) form a single production line.

Moreover, the wastewater treatment complex of block-type apparatus mainly contains:

- chamber mechanical lattices (4);

- sand traps (5) of horizontal type with circular movement of water;

- primary sump (6) and secondary sump (8) mainly with thin-layer modules;

- installation of ultraviolet disinfection (13), while the dose of ultraviolet radiation should be at least 30 mJ / cm2;

- disinfection of sludge (14) in the form of a filter press;

- Sludge disinfection plants (15) microwave type;

The wastewater treatment complex of the block-apparatus type contains at least one electrocoagulator (19) and a polarized filter (18) when treating concentrated wastewater.

The wastewater treatment complex of block-apparatus type mechanical lattices (4), sand traps (5) and primary sump (6) are intended for mechanical treatment (I), while ground-based execution is performed.

A method for treating wastewater with a block-apparatus type wastewater treatment complex, see FIG. 6 and 7, implemented as follows: drains (1) through the pressure collector (2) enter the receiving chamber (3) of the treatment plant;

Further, the effluents enter the mechanical gratings (4);

from mechanical gratings (4), the effluents are fed to at least one sand trap (5), while the sediment is removed from the sand trap (5) in a bag filter (17);

further, the effluents enter at least one primary settler (6), while the sediment is removed from the primary settler (6) through a pipeline into the pit (16);

Further, the wastewater flows by gravity into at least one anaerobic zone of the bioreactor (7a), in which the destruction of difficultly oxidized organics on the bio-carrier occurs by immobilized and free-floating microorganisms; further, the effluents enter at least one aerobic zone of the bioreactor (7b), in which nitrification occurs under the influence of aerobic nitrifying bacteria and aeration;

Further, the treated wastewater flows by gravity into at least one secondary sump (8), while a coagulant is introduced using metering pumps in front of the secondary sump at the exit of the anaerobic zone of the bioreactor (7a); while the removal of sludge settled in the secondary sump (8) is carried out through a pipeline into the pit (16);

Further, the treated effluents enter at least one intermediate container (10), from where pumps are fed to at least one block of mechanical post-treatment (11) and at least one block of sorption post-treatment (12);

further treated effluents are directed to at least one effluent disinfection unit (13);

sludge and sludge are pumped from the pit to at least one sludge dewatering device (14) and a sludge disinfection unit (15).

The wastewater treatment method of the block-apparatus type wastewater treatment complex is further characterized in that:

- removal of sediment from the sand trap (5) is carried out under the influence of hydrostatic pressure, mainly through the lower lock in the conical bottom of the tank (shown in Figs. 1 and 2) into a bag filter and / or hopper, mainly a dumping hopper-trailer (17).

- removal of sludge from the primary sump (6) and the secondary sump (8) is carried out under the influence of hydrostatic pressure, mainly through the lower lock in the conical bottom of the tank (shown in Figs. 1 and 2) through the pipeline into the pit (16).

- sediment and sludge from the pit (16) after dehydration (14) and disinfection (15) is transported to the landfill.

- unloading of trash from mechanical lattices (4) is carried out in portable baskets and / or dumping hopper trailers (17).

- the duration of the flow of wastewater in the sand trap (5) with a maximum inflow of at least 30 seconds.

- sedimentation of sewage in the primary sump (6) with thin-layer modules is at least 1-1.5 hours.

- when concentrated wastewater is treated, before the bioreactor (7a) is fed into the anaerobic zone, the effluent undergoes physical and chemical treatment, for example, dosing of reagents and / or electrocoagulation (19), and / or passage through polarized filters (18).

- bio-carrier has a spatial spiral structure and is made of polymeric materials.

- aeration of effluents is carried out through pneumatic disk aerators made of sintered titanium powders.

- aluminum compounds, mainly aluminum polyoxychloride and / or electrocoagulator products with an aluminum electrode, are used as a coagulant.

- for the aftertreatment units (11) and (12), an automated flushing is performed, while the flushing water is piped into the pit (16).

Purified effluents at the outlet are indicated by (22).

The principle of operation of wastewater treatment complex wastewater treatment block-apparatus type.

Wastewater (1) goes through the stages:

(I) mechanical cleaning (grates (4), sand traps (5), primary sedimentation tanks (6)); (Ii) biological treatment (anaerobic treatment bioreactors (7a), aerobic treatment bioreactors (7b)); (III) coagulation and sedimentation of sludge in secondary settling tanks (8); (Iv) post-treatment (mechanical post-treatment unit (11) and sorption post-treatment unit (12)); (V) disinfection / disinfection (ultraviolet radiation) (13), (Vi) sludge treatment (sludge dewatering on filter presses (14) and microwave sludge decontamination (15)).

Wastewater (1) through the pressure collector (2) enters the receiving chamber (3) of the treatment plant, where the flow rate is reduced and equalized.

Next, the effluents enter the mechanized chamber grates (4), where they are mechanically cleaned of large impurities. Unloaded trash is discharged from the grates to portable plastic grated baskets or dump dump trailers (17). The detained garbage is transported to landfills for municipal solid waste.

From the mechanical gratings (4), the effluents are fed to the sand traps (5) of the horizontal type with a circular motion of water. The sand trap (5) is a round stainless steel tank with a conical bottom. Inside the sand trap there is an annular tray ending at the bottom with a slot hole. Wastewater from the distribution chamber through the inlet tray enters the annular tray of the sand trap. Mineral particles through a slot in the tray slide into the conical part of the sand trap, and water is sent to the subsequent cleaning along the discharge tray. Sludge removal from the sand trap is carried out under the influence of hydrostatic pressure through the lower airlock into a bag filter. Horizontal sand traps with a circular motion of water are calculated based on the size of the sand to be detained. Duration of wastewater flow with a maximum inflow of at least 30 s.

Drains from sand traps (5) enter the primary settling tanks (6) with thin-layer modules.

Primary sedimentation tanks (6) are made of stainless steel and are located in a single unit of biological treatment tanks; they serve for sedimentation of undissolved and partially colloidal contaminants of predominantly organic origin. In the process of sedimentation, sedimentation of suspended particles occurs. Sedimentation is the simplest, least energy-intensive and most economical method for the separation of mechanical impurities from wastewater with a density different from the density of water. The relative simplicity of the settling facilities determines their widespread use at various stages of wastewater treatment and treatment of precipitation. The effect of sedimentation is 40-60% with a duration of sedimentation of 1-1.5 hours. Sludge from sedimentation tanks is piped into the sump for sludge (16).

Smaller suspended particles and colloidal contaminants are separated by the passage of wastewater through thin-layer modules installed in sedimentation tanks. Their separation ability, especially when separating fine impurities, is many times higher. The feasibility of using thin-layer sedimentation tanks is based on the fact that a decrease in the height of the flow while maintaining the same speed will proportionally reduce the settling time. Dividing the height of the stream into smaller segments simultaneously increases the area of sedimentation and reduces the specific load on it in suspension. The primary sedimentation tanks for mechanical wastewater treatment are a preliminary step before biological treatment. With mechanical wastewater treatment, the effect of reducing suspended solids is 40-60%, which also leads to a decrease in BOD by 20-40%.

Further, the drains from the primary settling tanks (6) by gravity enter the bioreactor (7).

Initially, the effluents enter the anaerobic zone of the bioreactor (7a), in which the destruction of difficultly oxidized organics on the bio-carrier occurs by immobilized and free-floating microorganisms. Then, wastewater is purified in the aerobic zone of the bioreactor (7b) (aeration tanks). Under the action of aerobic nitrifying bacteria, a nitrification process takes place - the oxidation of nitrogen by ammonium salts, first by nitrite bacteria, to nitrous acid salts (nitrites), and upon further oxidation by nitrate bacteria, to nitric acid salts (nitrates). The nitrification process is the final stage in the mineralization of nitrogen-containing organic pollutants. The presence of nitrates in the treated wastewater is one of the indicators of the degree of their full purification. In the form of nitrates, an oxygen supply is accumulated, which can be used to oxidize organic nitrogen-free substances. Bound oxygen is cleaved from nitrites and nitrates under the action of denitrifying bacteria and is reused for the oxidation of organic matter. The denitrification process is accompanied by the release of free nitrogen and nitric oxide into the atmosphere in gaseous form. The serial connection of the sections and maintaining the optimal oxygen concentration in them forms a trophic chain, which is selected depending on the concentration of organic and biogenic elements. The trophic chain is represented by the biocenosis of microorganisms, the final link of which are predatory forms that eat living and dying bacterial cells, which assimilate and break down organic compounds at the beginning of the chain.

Immobilized forms of microorganisms allow you to abandon regenerators.

The bioreactor (7) consists of five cone-shaped communicating containers (zones), separated by vertical overflow partitions and made of stainless steel sheet in a metal case.

Separation of the wastewater treatment complex into independent technological stages allows for the purification of 75% of the incoming wastewater to regulatory requirements in the event that one of the stages is put into repair for equipment (according to the requirements of SNiP 2.04.03-85). In addition, the partitioning allows emptying and routine inspection of tanks without stopping treatment facilities.

In the aerobic zone of the bioreactor (7b) (aeration tanks), a mixture of activated sludge and treated wastewater slowly moves. A significant part of the activated sludge is immobilized in the form of mucus on the bio-carrier.

A mixture of wastewater with activated sludge is aerated throughout the aeration tanks through a system of air supply pipes and aerators to further oxidize the organics and saturate the water with oxygen, which is necessary to support microorganisms and remove gaseous decomposition products. The air supply is carried out using blower compressors (in Fig. 6, position 21). Compressors are equipped with basic accessories necessary for trouble-free operation. Compressors are fully automated. In the event of an unexpected shutdown of the working compressor, automatic activation of the backup unit is provided.

Wastewater aeration is carried out through disk aerators.

In order to intensify the operation of treatment plants, an aeration system using pneumatic aerators from sintered titanium powders was used. The main advantage of porous metal aerators compared to filter plates and tubular aerators is a lower resistivity (3-4 times) with a smaller pore size (therefore, with a smaller bubble size - up to 150 microns), which allows to reduce the air supply by 30- 50%, thereby reducing specific energy consumption for aeration. Thanks to their know-how, aerators are subject to less bio-fouling than ceramic and polymer, which significantly increases the service life before regeneration.

The biological method of wastewater treatment is based on the vital activity of microorganisms, which mineralize dissolved organic compounds, which are food sources for microorganisms. Destruction of difficultly oxidized organics occurs through oxidation (fermentation) by microorganisms (yeast, microscopic fungi, putrefactive bacteria, etc.)

Directness and maintaining the optimal concentration of oxygen forms a trophic chain in an ecological aquatic environment, which is formed depending on the concentration of organic and biogenic elements. The trophic chain is represented by the biocenosis of microorganisms, the final link of which are predatory forms that eat small living, weakened and dead cells, etc.

Incoming runoff → flagellate - 80% → attached: equi-aryx, round-ripe, abdominal - 90-100% → free-floating: rotifers, cyclops, daphnia, etc. - up to 70%.

The chain shows the change in hydrobionts as pollutants (i.e. feed) are removed from wastewater and the process of nitrification and clarification of effluents is created at the end of the path. The water becomes clean and meets the regulatory requirements for the discharge of treated effluents into a reservoir, and during the biological treatment, sanitary indicators of water improve, and a decrease in flagellates, worms, small amoebas and an increase in rotifers at the end of the trophic chain indicate a good state of biocenosis and satisfactory wastewater treatment.

In aerobic treatment bioreactors (7b), the main processes of organic matter destruction on the bio-carrier are carried out by immobilized and free-floating forms of microorganisms. As a loading material (nozzle), a loading is used that has a low hydraulic resistance and a significant specific surface of horizontal, vertical and radial sedimentation tanks. Methods of intensifying the work of the aeration tank, the use of bio-carriers for the formation of an immobilized form of microorganisms on them, as well as the use of thin-layer blocks in sedimentation tanks are certified and protected by a patent. Each bioreactor tank is divided by partitions into two sections. In each section there are cassettes with BSP-1 bio-carrier for fixing activated sludge particles.

An important distinguishing feature of the facilities is the use of biotechnology with activated sludge immobilized on an inert bio-carrier (load). The bio-carrier has a spatial spiral structure and is made of polymer materials, the advantage of which is low specific gravity, chemical resistance, high specific surface. Due to the rough structure, the load holds biofilm well, which cannot be removed from the structure during salvo discharge of sewage and other adverse conditions. This allows you to create and maintain stable high concentrations of microorganisms-destructors in bioreactors, increases the system's resistance to the uneven flow regime of wastewater for treatment and the heterogeneity of their qualitative composition. Increases the "age" of microorganisms of activated sludge. Due to the achieved high degree of mineralization (ash content of 25-30%) of the excess, dying biofilm, its removal into secondary settling tanks with a stream of treated wastewater is significantly reduced.

As a result of biological treatment, transparent, non-decaying water is obtained, containing dissolved oxygen and nitrates. Biological purification facilities provide pollution reduction indicators for suspended solids and _BOD to about 3 mg / l.

At the output of the bioreactor, the coagulant enters through metering pumps (9). The introduction of a coagulant improves the deposition of pollutants dissolved in water, as a result of which the process of sediment removal is facilitated, and phosphorus compounds are completely utilized. The product “Aqua-Aurat 30” is used as a coagulant, the solution of which is introduced by metering pumps into the stream of treated effluents before the secondary settling tanks.

Purified water flows by gravity into the secondary sumps (8) with thin-layer modules. In the secondary sump (8), the waste sludge is deposited.

The sludge settled in the sumps is fed into the sump (16) and then by pumps for dewatering on filter presses (14).

Further, the effluents from the secondary settling tanks enter the intermediate tanks (10), from where they are pumped to the mechanical tertiary treatment unit (11) and the sorption aftertreatment unit (12).

From the post-treatment stage (IV), the purified water is sent for disinfection (V).

During the operation of the filters of the aftertreatment units (IV), the filter material is contaminated. To wash the filter material, contaminants and restore its properties, an automatic rinse is carried out. The after-treatment filters are rinsed with tap water.

Washing consists of two stages:

1. backwash (loosening)

2. quick rinse

Wash water is discharged into the sump for sludge (16). After flushing is completed, the filter automatically enters the operating mode.

Disinfection (13) of treated wastewater takes place at UV irradiation facilities.

The use of ultraviolet bactericidal radiation is an environmentally safe and effective method of combating viruses, bacteria, and protozoa.

For the disinfection of treated wastewater it is proposed to use modern UV equipment of a new generation.

As sources of UV radiation for disinfection of wastewater, gas discharge lamps are used, during which ozone is formed in the air. This type of lamp has a wide spectrum of radiation, is characterized by low efficiency (5-10% of the consumed electrical energy).

The dose of ultraviolet radiation is not less than 30 mJ / cm2.

New generation UV lamps have protective quartz covers and are located in the stream of wastewater flowing around them from all sides. Protective covers are made of quartz glass, designed to stabilize the temperature regime of the lamps and prevent direct access to water. The penetration of UV rays into wastewater is accompanied by their absorption by both the water itself and substances in the dissolved or suspended state of the water. The absorption coefficients in wastewater range from 0.2 to 0.6. irradiation uniformity is achieved due to flow turbulence due to the high speed of the water flow in the plants and the design of the plants, providing for the presence of special "leveling" devices.

Taking into account hygienic reliability, operational and economic feasibility, UV radiation is used to disinfect wastewater that has undergone a complete biological treatment.

UV installations for the disinfection of treated wastewater make it possible to obtain water with a quality that meets the requirements of regulatory documents in force in the Russian Federation.

Fishery-cleared MPCs and disinfected wastewater are cleaned to standards. In the summer, if there is a contract, it is possible to use treated wastewater for irrigation of gardens and vegetable gardens.

Dehydrated on filter presses (14), the sediment is collected on dump trailers (17), disinfected on microwave disinfection units (15), and transported to the landfill.

Industrial applications of the claimed invention are shown in the examples below.

Example 1

A complex and method for treating wastewater of a block-apparatus type from oil products, oils, suspended solids and other insoluble products.

Wastewater (CB) is collected in sand trays in which suspended solids (sand) are removed with a hydraulic particle size of 0.18-0.24 mm / s, with a diameter of 0.2-0.25 mm (and higher), then sand trays SV enter the block of gravity sedimentation tanks. In the gravity settler, coarse particulate matter is separated. Further, the wastewater enters a thin-layer sump. The separation ability of thin-layer sedimentation tanks, especially when separating fine impurities, is many times higher than the separation ability of horizontal, vertical and radial sedimentation tanks. The separation of the suspension occurs subject to the inequality of the density of the solid and the liquid in which it is located. Around a solid particle immersed in water, an immobilized layer of liquid forms, which forms a single aggregate with the particle. Thus, the attached layer of water on the surface of a solid particle changes its density and dispersion. The feasibility of using thin-layer sedimentation tanks is based on the fact that a decrease in the flow height while maintaining the same speed of movement proportionally reduces the settling time. And also the separation of the flow height into smaller segments simultaneously increases the area of sedimentation and reduces the specific load on it by suspension. The dimensions of thin-layer sedimentation tanks are much smaller than other types of sedimentation tanks, which allows them to be placed in enclosed spaces. Thus, at the stage of gravitational settling, suspended solids, as well as hydrophobic liquids, such as hydrocarbons, not related to water, are removed - light hydrocarbons float, heavy hydrocarbons settle.

However, the presence of surface-active substances (SAS) in wastewater leads to the formation of multiphase structures that are stable in water and not subject to gravitational separation. The surfactant molecule is the so-called "bifunctional agent." In the process of saponification of a fatty acid, one end of the molecule becomes hydrophilic, the other remains hydrophobic. The hydrophobic ends of the surfactant “envelop” the hydrophobic particles, forming a shell with hydrophilic ends to the outside, the resulting hydrophilic surface is enveloped in a hydration shell and fits perfectly into the volume of water. Such micelles are very strong due to the formation of hydrogen and electrostatic bonds, which easily compensate for gravitational forces.

To remove micellar structures, a very original technology is used which is very effective in terms of the result achieved and advantageous in terms of operating costs.

After sedimentation tanks, effluents enter the reagent-free flotation unit, where oil products are separated from wastewater. The water leaving the sump is mixed with the air mixture coming from the compressor into the flotator. Air distribution is carried out through micro-bubble disc aerators with an air bubble size 15–75 μm apart from the surface. Due to the ultra-small size, a high statistical concentration of air bubbles is ensured and, as a result, an almost absolute probability of its contact with the micelle. At the air-water interface, surface tension forces break the micelle, “stretching” surfactant molecules and a hydrophobic particle along its surface. Pop-up bubbles remove contaminants from the liquid, concentrating them in the form of foam on the surface of the water in the structure. The foam formed in the flotator is removed to the foam collection tray, and then to the trapped oil collector.

The wastewater purified from oil products flows by gravity to the non-pressure sorption filtration unit, where the wastewater is treated to the required parameters.

Filtered water enters the disinfection unit, where they are disinfected by ultraviolet irradiation. As sources of UV radiation for disinfection of wastewater, gas discharge lamps are used, during which ozone is formed in the air. This type of lamp has a wide spectrum of radiation, is characterized by low efficiency (5-10% of the consumed electrical energy). The dose of ultraviolet radiation is not less than 30 mJ / cm2.

UV installations for the disinfection of treated wastewater make it possible to obtain water with a quality that meets the requirements of regulatory documents in force in the Russian Federation.

When using purified water for the needs of enterprises, the complex provides for storage capacity.

Example 2

Complex and method for wastewater treatment of block-apparatus type for car washes.

Wastewater (CB) is collected in sand trays in which suspended solids (sand) are removed with a hydraulic particle size of 0.18-0.24 mm / s, with a diameter of 0.2-0.25 mm (and higher), then sand trays SV enter the block of gravity sedimentation tanks. In a gravity settler, coarse dispersed solids are separated. Further, the wastewater enters a thin-layer sump. The separation ability of thin-layer sedimentation tanks, especially when separating fine impurities, is many times higher than the separation ability of horizontal, vertical and radial sedimentation tanks. The separation of the suspension occurs subject to the inequality of the density of the solid and the liquid in which it is located. Around a solid particle immersed in water, an immobilized layer of liquid forms, which forms a single aggregate with the particle. Thus, the attached layer of water on the surface of a solid particle changes its density and dispersion. The feasibility of using thin-layer sedimentation tanks is based on the fact that a decrease in the flow height while maintaining the same speed of movement proportionally reduces the settling time. And also the separation of the flow height into smaller segments simultaneously increases the area of sedimentation and reduces the specific load on it by suspension. The dimensions of thin-layer sedimentation tanks are much smaller than other types of sedimentation tanks, which allows them to be placed in enclosed spaces. Thus, at the stage of gravitational settling, suspended solids, as well as hydrophobic liquids, such as hydrocarbons, not related to water, are removed - light hydrocarbons float, heavy hydrocarbons settle.

However, the presence of surface-active substances (SAS) in wastewater leads to the formation of multiphase structures that are stable in water and not subject to gravitational separation. The surfactant molecule is the so-called "bifunctional agent." In the process of saponification of a fatty acid, one end of the molecule becomes hydrophilic, the other remains hydrophobic. The hydrophobic ends of the surfactant “envelop” the hydrophobic particles, forming a shell with hydrophilic ends to the outside, the resulting hydrophilic surface is enveloped in a hydration shell and fits perfectly into the volume of water. Such micelles are very strong due to the formation of hydrogen and electrostatic bonds, which easily compensate for gravitational forces.

To remove micellar structures, a very original technology is used which is very effective in terms of the result achieved and advantageous in terms of operating costs.

After sedimentation tanks, effluents enter the reagent-free flotation unit, where oil products are separated from wastewater. The water leaving the sump is mixed with the air mixture coming from the compressor into the flotator. Air distribution is carried out through micro-bubble disc aerators with an air bubble size 15–75 μm apart from the surface. Due to the ultra-small size, a high statistical concentration of air bubbles is ensured and, as a result, an almost absolute probability of its contact with the micelle. At the air-water interface, surface tension forces break the micelle, “stretching” surfactant molecules and a hydrophobic particle along its surface. Pop-up bubbles remove contaminants from the liquid, concentrating them in the form of foam on the surface of the water in the structure. The foam formed in the flotator is removed to the foam collection tray, and then to the trapped oil collector.

The wastewater purified from oil products flows by gravity to the non-pressure sorption filtration unit, where the wastewater is treated to the required parameters.

Filtered water enters the disinfection unit, where they are disinfected by ultraviolet irradiation. As sources of UV radiation for disinfection of wastewater, gas discharge lamps are used, during which ozone is formed in the air. This type of lamp has a wide spectrum of radiation, is characterized by low efficiency (5-10% of the consumed electrical energy). The dose of ultraviolet radiation is not less than 30 mJ / cm2.

UV installations for the disinfection of treated wastewater make it possible to obtain water with a quality that meets the requirements of regulatory documents in force in the Russian Federation.

Sludge from sedimentation tanks and flotators flows by gravity into the sump for sludge, then it is pumped into the sludge dewatering unit to bag dryers.

The components and assemblies that make up the equipment are manufactured in the factory and assembled at the construction site.

Thus, the above information indicates the fulfillment of the following set of conditions when using the claimed technical solution:

- objects that embody the claimed technical solution, when it is implemented, are intended for aeration of water spaces and can be used for deep physico-chemical and biological (combined) treatment of industrial wastewater from suspended solids, nitrogen compounds, phosphorus, surfactants and other pollutants ensuring the quality of treatment to the requirements that allow the discharge of treated water into reservoirs of fishery purpose.

- for the claimed objects, in the form as described in the independent claims, the possibility of its implementation using the means and methods known from the prior art as described in the application on the priority date has been confirmed;

- objects that embody the claimed technical solution, when implemented, are able to ensure the achievement of the technical result perceived by the applicant.

Therefore, the claimed objects comply with the patentability conditions of “novelty”, “inventive step” and “industrial applicability” under applicable law.

Claims (46)

1. The wastewater treatment complex block-type apparatus, characterized in that it consists at least one pressure manifold and a receiving chamber; at least one mechanical grill, sand trap and primary sump; at least one anaerobic zone of the bioreactor and the aerobic zone of the bioreactor; at least one secondary sump; at least one metering pump for introducing a coagulant at the outlet of the anaerobic zone of the bioreactor in front of the secondary sump; at least one intermediate tank; at least one block of mechanical and sorption post-treatment, consisting of at least one quick mechanical filter and fast sorption filter; at least one pump, an aeration compressor, a portable plastic basket and / or a dumping hopper-trailer connecting the pipeline and the sludge for sludge and sludge; at least one disinfection unit; at least one sludge dewatering device and sludge decontamination unit; mechanical grilles, sand traps and primary sump are designed for mechanical cleaning and are made modularly ground-based with tanks; the anaerobic zone of the bioreactor and the aerobic zone of the bioreactor are designed for biological treatment and are made modularly with tanks; the primary sump, the anaerobic zone of the bioreactor, the aerobic zone of the bioreactor, the secondary sump, the block of mechanical and sorption aftertreatment form a single technological line. 2. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains mainly chamber mechanical lattices. 3. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains sand traps of a predominantly horizontal type with circular movement of water. 4. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a primary sump and a secondary sump mainly with thin-layer modules. 5. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains mainly an ultraviolet disinfection unit, and the dose of ultraviolet radiation should be at least 30 mJ / cm ² . 6. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains mainly filter presses for disinfecting sludge. 7. The complex according to p. 1, characterized in that it contains mainly the installation of microwave disinfection of sludge. 8. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains at least one electrocoagulator and a polarized filter during the treatment of concentrated wastewater. 9. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanical grilles, sand traps and the primary sump are intended for mechanical cleaning, while ground-based execution is performed. 10. The method of wastewater treatment by the complex according to claim 1, characterized in that effluent through the pressure head collector enters the receiving chamber of the treatment plant; Further, the effluents enter the mechanical gratings; from mechanical grids, drains are fed to at least one sand trap, while the removal of sediment from the sand trap is carried out in a bag filter; further, the effluents enter at least one primary settler, while the sediment is removed from the primary settler through a pipeline into the pit; Further, the effluent flows by gravity into at least one anaerobic zone of the bioreactor, in which the degradation of difficultly oxidized organics on the bio-carrier occurs by immobilized and free-floating microorganisms; further, the effluents enter at least one aerobic zone of the bioreactor, in which nitrification occurs under the influence of aerobic nitrifying bacteria and aeration; Further, the treated effluents by gravity enter at least one secondary sump, while a coagulant is introduced using metering pumps in front of the secondary sump at the exit from the anaerobic zone of the bioreactor; while the removal of sludge settled in the secondary sump is carried out through a pipeline into the pit; further, the treated effluents enter at least one intermediate tank, from where pumps are fed to at least one mechanical and sorption aftertreatment unit; further treated effluents are directed to at least one disinfection unit; sludge and sludge are pumped from the pit to at least one sludge dewatering device and a sludge disinfection unit. 11. The method according to p. 10, characterized in that the sand trap is a technical reservoir, consisting of a housing with a bottom and a lid, the housing and the lid of the technical reservoir are made of high strength material and are hexagonal in plan, the bottom of the technical reservoir is made of conical shape and provides a system for the automatic discharge of silt sludge due to hydrostatic pressure; the lid of the technical reservoir has a tap for an organized release of harmful substances; sediment removal from the sand trap is carried out under the influence of hydrostatic pressure, mainly through the lower lock in the conical bottom of the technical tank into a bag filter and / or hopper, mainly a dumping hopper trailer; 12. The method according to p. 10, characterized in that the primary sump and the secondary sump are a technical reservoir, consisting of a housing with a bottom and a lid, the housing and the lid of the technical reservoir are made of high strength material and in plan have the shape of a hexagon, the bottom of the technical housing the tank is conical in shape and provides a system for the automatic discharge of silt sediment due to hydrostatic pressure; the lid of the technical reservoir has a tap for an organized release of harmful substances; Sludge is removed from the primary sump and the secondary sump under the influence of hydrostatic pressure, mainly through the lower lock in the conical bottom of the technical tank through the pipeline into the pit. 13. The method according to p. 10, characterized in that the sludge and sludge from the pit after dehydration and disinfection are removed to the landfill. 14. The method according to p. 10, characterized in that the unloading of trash from mechanical lattices is carried out in portable baskets and / or dumping hopper trailers. 15. The method according to p. 10, characterized in that the duration of the flow of wastewater in the sand trap with a maximum inflow of at least 30 seconds. 16. The method according to p. 10, characterized in that the sedimentation of sewage in the primary sump with thin-layer modules is at least 1-1.5 hours. 17. The method according to p. 10, characterized in that during the treatment of concentrated wastewater before being fed to the anaerobic zone of the bioreactor, the effluent undergoes physical and chemical treatment, for example, dosing of reagents and / or electrocoagulation, and / or passage through polarized filters. 18. The method according to p. 10, characterized in that the bio-carrier has a spatial spiral structure and is made of polymeric materials. 19. The method according to p. 10, characterized in that the aeration of the effluent is carried out through pneumatic disk aerators made of sintered titanium powders. 20. The method according to p. 10, characterized in that as a coagulant, aluminum compounds are used, mainly aluminum polyoxychloride and / or electrocoagulator products with an aluminum electrode. 21. The method according to p. 10, characterized in that for the after-treatment filters an automated flushing is carried out, while the flushing water is piped into the pit.

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