RU2701827C1 - Method of treating waste water with obtaining purified water and decontaminated wastes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: water treatment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to purification of natural and waste water. Method of treating waste water with obtaining purified water and decontaminated wastes involves purification of waste water through a modular complex, in which the biological treatment plant is made in form of a module for coarse biological treatment of waste water, performing preliminary separation of solid inclusions from fine fractions by means of polymer charge, and saturating water with atmospheric oxygen. Prior to preliminary separation of solid inclusions from fine fractions large solid particles are removed from effluents by means of thickener installed in mechanical treatment module of waste water. After coarse biological treatment, organic contaminants and biogenic elements are removed in a membrane bioreactor which is placed in a module for fine purification of waste water. Then dissolved and suspended organic substances are oxidized in the adsorption and chemical oxidation or decarbonisation module of water using ozone. Purified water from the adsorption and chemical oxidation or decarbonisation module of water is directed into the purified water reservoir, from where it is supplied for technical needs and irrigation of the territory. Excess purified water is removed by gravity into drain columns or filtration wells for recycling water. Afterpurification of treated water is carried out in a reverse osmosis plant, which is installed after drainage columns, after which clean water is used to replenish a fish pond.

EFFECT: invention provides environmental safety, high quality of water treatment, allowing to replenish treated water reservoirs for fish farming.

3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of natural and wastewater treatment, and can be used for treatment of domestic wastewater or equivalent to them in the composition of industrial wastewater not only from one or more residential facilities remote from existing sewage systems, treatment plants, namely for treatment the wastewater of cottages, camp sites and campsites, roadside cafes and hotels, gas stations, from temporary buildings and structures, construction camps to facilities under construction, enterprises, etc., but also from the cottage village to microrayo due to the possibility of more processing.

A known method of wastewater treatment according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2299864, class. С02F 3/02, 2007, including their mixing with activated sludge, aeration of the sludge mixture flow in the aeration tank, separation of the sludge mixture and return of activated sludge to the aeration tank. Wastewater is fed into the pre-treatment chamber, from which they are pumped into the aeration tank with a flow rate exceeding the consumption of wastewater entering the treatment, with the return of the corresponding difference in costs in the form of a water mixture from the exit of the aeration tank to the pre-treatment chamber, and this difference is calculated from the conditions of operation of the level of wastewater in the pre-treatment chamber to the point at which the pump is turned off for a time during which the pre-treatment chamber is filled with incoming sewage, providing the specified parameters for the load on activated sludge for organic pollution in the regime of intermittent aeration. The target load of activated sludge for organic pollution is selected in the range of 100-240 mg BOD / (g sludge-day).

The implementation of this method allows to reduce construction and operating costs for wastewater treatment, the "intermittent aeration" mode used in the process is provided automatically, while its use reduces the volume of excess activated sludge, improves wastewater mixing and eliminates stagnant zones in it.

However, this method does not provide a sufficient degree of wastewater treatment, allowing their further use, including for technical water supply, for example, for toilets in residential buildings, for watering streets, green spaces.

A known method of biological wastewater treatment according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2489366, class. C02F 3/02, 2013. According to the method, wastewater is supplied through a supply pipe to an aeration chamber with a guide pipe into which air is supplied by means of an aerator diffuser to mix it with wastewater, the activated sludge deposited during processing is removed by a riser to pump out excess active sludge, and purified water by gravity is removed through the outlet pipe of the annular spillway, characterized in that the aeration chamber is performed with a blank bottom, and the aerator diffuser is placed near the blank bottom, directing The pipe is made in the form of a cone in relation to the lower part of the aeration chamber, the lower end of the guide pipe is placed above the blind bottom of the aeration chamber, and above this end of the guide pipe, holes are made in the conical part of the aeration chamber for the outlet of purified water and activated sludge. separation of solid inclusions from fine fractions, after which air is supplied to the separation zone by means of an aerator diffuser, where it is mixed with incoming wastewater, and before discharge After purification into the ground, purified water is treated with a sand and gravel filter, and preliminary separation of solid inclusions from fine fractions is carried out using a polymer load for attached activated sludge, by means of which a biological filter is formed for preliminary treatment. Sand-gravel filter is performed in the form of a filtration well, or in the form of a cartridge, or in the form of a trench.

The described method is a simple biological treatment process that allows you to clean wastewater with a high degree of purification by saturating the effluent with atmospheric oxygen, thereby creating a favorable environment for the development of aerobic microorganisms, which, forming cenoses in the form of flakes of activated sludge, carry out the biological destruction of organic pollution contained in the wastewater entering the plant, which significantly improves the purification to the possibility of using purified water in the farm.

However, this method is implemented through an installation that is compact with a high degree of purification and processing volume in relation to individual house-building or detached buildings or objects. The quality of treatment allows the use of purified water only in a separate facility, including for technical needs, but in no way as drinking water, or water suitable for discharge into a reservoir for rearing and replenishing fish.

A known method of wastewater treatment with obtaining purified water and disinfected waste according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2475458, class. С02F 9/14, 2013, adopted by the applicant for the prototype.

A method of treating wastewater to produce purified water and neutralized waste includes filtering wastewater in grates, mechanical cleaning in sand traps, washing, pressing and drying waste from grates and sand traps, equalizing wastewater costs by the hours of the day using expense averaging tanks, biological treatment wastewater in step nitride denitrification bioreactors with recirculation of activated sludge and biocenoses attached to a fiber brush nozzle; wastewater treatment in filtration devices with a ruffled bristle nozzle, granular anthracite and dosing of reagents for binding phosphates to insoluble substances and retention of insoluble suspended solids, recovery of return and excess activated sludge in secondary thin-layer settlers, reagent treatment of activated sludge and dehydration together with sediment recovered from regeneration and wash water tertiary treatment, disinfection of purified water by irradiation with ultraviolet rays, drying and disinfection of dehydrated sediments. Ventilation air from mechanical wastewater treatment plants is supplied by blowers to the stage of high-speed aerobic biological wastewater treatment by a community of organo-heterotrophs attached to a brush nozzle and consisting of free-floating activated sludge, the exhaust air released from the denitrification bioreactors by another group of blowers is pumped into the nitrification bioreactors, and allocated nitrification bioreactors, exhaust air is passed through a system of electrocatalytic devices decontamination and neutralization before release into the system for removal of neutralized air into the surrounding air, dried at a temperature of 240 ° C to a moisture content of 25% and disinfected and cooled to 40 ° C, waste from waste and sewage sludge is packed and packed in sealed block bags, transported to places of storage or disposal.

This technological process of wastewater treatment makes it possible to permit the construction of sewage treatment plants in the center of residential buildings on its basis, reducing the length of sewer networks, the number of pumping pumping stations and creating the possibility of widespread use of purified water for the needs of technical water supply to enterprises, street irrigation and green spaces ( especially in the hot season), replacing the consumption of drinking water for the needs of the water supply of technical toilets.

However, the quality of wastewater treatment does not allow it to be used to replenish the reservoir for fish farming and, moreover, to use it as water for the technical needs of residential and public facilities.

The technical task of the invention is the development and creation of a method and installation for the treatment of domestic wastewater or equivalent in composition of industrial wastewater with high environmental effect, simple to manage, modular design of the installation, providing high quality wastewater treatment to create the possibility of widespread use purified and disinfected water for recycling technical water supply, including for street irrigation, green spaces in low-water regions ah hot climates, as well as to replenish the pond for breeding fish. In addition, the installation should be easy to manufacture and extremely easy to maintain. The invention should provide a stable high quality of treatment, great technological capabilities due to cleaning with a continuous flow of contaminants from module to module in a circle that will do without additional stages and devices for sludge recycling, as well as rational use of volumes of biological wastewater treatment plants and mechanical structures purification, obtaining stable quality parameters of purified water. Improving sanitary reliability, environmental safety and cost-effectiveness of the recycled water supply process, expanding the scope from a cottage village to a microdistrict or enterprise.

The problem is solved in that in the proposed solution, which includes the use of a complex in which preliminary mechanical treatment of wastewater from large solid particles is carried out, biological treatment with saturation of water with atmospheric oxygen and post-treatment, wastewater treatment is carried out by means of a block-modular complex in which the installation biological treatment is performed in the form of a module of rough biological wastewater treatment, carrying out preliminary separation of solid inclusions from fine fractions in the middle a polymer loading, which acts as a biological filter for pre-treatment, and saturate water with atmospheric oxygen, before preliminary separation of solid inclusions from fine fractions in the coarse biological treatment module, large solid particles are removed from the effluents by means of a thickener installed in the mechanical wastewater treatment module located before coarse biological treatment module, after coarse biological treatment remove organic impurities and nutrients in the membrane bioreactor, which rye is placed in a module for fine wastewater treatment, then in the module for adsorption and chemical oxidation or decarbonization of water, dissolved and suspended organic substances present in the wastewater are oxidized using ozone as an oxidizing agent, and purified water is obtained from the module for adsorption and chemical oxidation or decarbonization water is sent to a purified water storage tank, from where it is sent for technical needs, irrigation of the territory, and the excess purified water is gravity removed to drainage columns or filtration These are wells for water utilization, and the post-treatment of purified water is carried out in a reverse osmosis unit, which is installed after the drainage columns and used to separate substances dissolved in water at the molecular level, after which pure water is used to replenish the reservoir for fish farming.

In addition, the sludge and sediment formed in the fine filtering module and the module for adsorption and chemical oxidation of water or decarbonization of water are sent to the coarse biological treatment module for recycling, and then the waste deposited in the sediment is forcibly pumped to the mechanical treatment module, where they carry out additional waste treatment which are then dehydrated and decontaminated in the dehydration and decontamination module, in which a centrifuge and filter press are installed, solid waste is sent to the briquette ation in the appropriate setting, and the briquettes obtained are used for the production of fertilizers or stacked block in sealed packets and sent for recycling disinfected waste.

In addition, at least two coarse purification modules and two fine purification modules, at least two adsorption and chemical oxidation or decarbonization modules of water are installed in the block-modular complex, after which at least three purified water storage devices and at least two drainage columns or filtration are installed wells, as well as one module for dehydration and disinfection of waste and one reverse osmosis unit.

The technical result from the use of the proposed technical solution is to increase sanitary reliability, environmental safety and economy, to expand the scope by creating a process with a high environmental effect, providing reverse water supply for technical needs with high quality wastewater treatment to the extent of purified water suitable for replenishment of a reservoir and fish farming.

The drawing shows a block diagram of a block-modular wastewater treatment plant to produce purified water and disinfected waste.

Designed from modules, an organized wastewater treatment process allows for almost complete biological decomposition of organic compounds in water. High cleaning efficiency allows the discharge of purified water into reservoirs of fishery. Block-modular wastewater treatment plants fully comply with the requirements for operation in harsh Russian conditions and strict sanitary standards. Therefore, the scope of such complexes is extremely wide: from the cottage village to the microdistrict, or enterprise.

Presented in the drawing in the form of a block diagram, a block-modular wastewater treatment complex is proposed for implementing the claimed method, including a number of modules, devices and mechanisms used for wastewater treatment.

The treatment complex includes a nozzle 1 for supplying wastewater to module 2 for mechanical wastewater treatment with a thickener built into it, a pump 3 for pumping wastewater into module 4 for coarse biological wastewater treatment, in which preliminary separation of solid inclusions from fine fractions by means of polymer loading and saturate water with atmospheric oxygen, i.e. carry out aeration.

Further along the technological chain, a module for fine wastewater treatment 5 is installed in series with the coarse biological treatment module 4, in which a membrane bioreactor is placed that enhances the quality of wastewater treatment by removing organic impurities and nutrients. After module 5 of fine purification, module 6 for adsorption and chemical oxidation or decarbonization of water is installed, where dissolved and suspended organic substances present in wastewater are oxidized, and ozone is used as an oxidizing agent, which destroys organic substances in aqueous solutions and produces purified water.

Behind the module 6 for adsorption and chemical oxidation or decarbonization of water there is a drive 7 of purified water and drainage columns 8 or filter wells for water disposal. To the drive 7 purified water summed up the technical water supply 9, which transfers the purified water to technical needs.

Further, before discharging the purified water into the fish pond 10, the reverse osmosis unit 11 is included in the treatment complex, where they treat the purified water and achieve a much higher degree of water purification than in the main classical filtering methods based on the adsorption of pollutants on activated carbon and filtration of mechanical impurities.

Between the module 2 mechanical wastewater treatment and module 4 coarse biological treatment installed pump 12 supply of sludge deposited in the module 4 coarse treatment, in module 2 mechanical treatment for recycling.

The mechanical cleaning module 2 is connected to the waste dehydration and decontamination module 13, into which the separated sludge and large particles from the mechanical cleaning module 2 are sent for dehydration and disinfection. A centrifuge and a filter press are installed in the dehydration and disinfection module. Dehydration of the flotation foam product (sludge), for example, on a frame filter press reaches 70%, and dehydrated sludge can be used as recyclable material, for example, in the construction industry.

In a centrifuge, the slurry fed into it is compacted and dehydrated. The result is a cake with a high solids content, and the purified water is sent back through the drum and dumped into the cylindrical part of the drum, or served in module 4 rough biological wastewater treatment.

Dehydrated and disinfected waste is sent to the appropriate briquetting unit 14, where the obtained briquettes are used for the production of fertilizers or building materials, or they are packed and packed into briquettes in sealed block bags, transported to places of sale 15 or sent for disposal of 16 disinfected waste.

The method of wastewater treatment to obtain purified water and disinfected waste is as follows.

Wastewater is supplied through the sewage supply pipe 1 to the mechanical treatment module 2, where large solid particles are previously removed from the effluents using a thickener - settler. After preliminary treatment of wastewater from large solid particles, the effluent pump 3 is sent to the module 4 coarse biological wastewater treatment, which carry out the preliminary separation of solid inclusions from fine fractions through a polymer charge, which acts as a biological filter for pre-treatment, and saturate the water with oxygen air, that is, carry out aeration, thereby freeing water from unwanted or excess gases and provide vital functions of microorganisms that carry process mineralization dissolved in wastewater of organic and other contaminants.

At least two such modules are installed in a block-modular complex. In biological wastewater treatment plants, aeration of water is carried out to ensure the vital functions of microorganisms (aerobic bacteria) that carry out the process of mineralization of organic substances dissolved in wastewater and other contaminants.

After preliminary treatment of wastewater from large solid particles in the mechanical treatment module 2 and in the coarse treatment module 4, organic contaminants and nutrients are removed without the use of secondary sedimentation tanks and a tertiary treatment unit in the membrane bioreactor, which is placed in the fine wastewater treatment module 5. The membrane bioreactor guarantees the quality of wastewater treatment, has a minimum size, the absence of sludge removal, ease of operation, can operate fully automatically.

Membrane bioreactors allow the implementation of modern wastewater treatment technology. This technology allows to achieve the quality of purified water that meets the requirements for discharge into fisheries. The membrane bioreactor technology is indispensable in conditions of limited space for the construction of treatment plants and high requirements for the degree of treatment.

At least two modules of 5 fine wastewater treatment plants are installed in a block-modular complex.

The pre-treated wastewater from the fine-purification module 5 is sent to the water adsorption and chemical oxidation or decarbonization module 6, where dissolved and suspended organic substances present in the wastewater are oxidized, and ozone is used as an oxidizing agent. Ozone, being a strong oxidizing agent, has the ability to destroy organic substances in aqueous solutions. During ozonation, both dissolved and suspended organic substances present in wastewater are oxidized. To reduce ozone consumption, it is advisable to apply ozonation at the final stage of deep wastewater treatment after the maximum removal of suspended solids from the water.

Compared to other oxidizing agents (for example, chlorine), ozone has a number of advantages: it can be obtained directly at treatment plants, and the technical oxygen or atmospheric air serves as a raw material for its production, the process can be easily automated. Ozonation, despite the relatively high cost of treating wastewater, is primarily attracted by its high reactivity, strong bactericidal action, the possibility of producing ozone in place, and the absence of residual concentrations of ozone in ozonated water, which, being an unstable compound, quickly converts to oxygen. Therefore, ozone is a promising oxidizing agent in the technology of deep wastewater treatment.

In the proposed wastewater treatment process, at least two modules 6 of adsorption and chemical oxidation or decarbonization of water are used.

From module 6 for adsorption and chemical oxidation or decarbonization of water, the pre-purified water is sent to the purified water storage 7, the excess of which is removed by gravity to the drainage columns 8 or friction wells for water utilization, and part of it is pumped into the technical water supply 9 and transferred for technical needs, watering the territory. To obtain high quality purified water, which will be used later in the farm, it is advisable to place at least three reservoirs 7 of purified water and at least two drainage columns 8 or friction wells.

For the same purpose, before discharging purified water into a pond 10 for breeding fish, it is sent by pump 3 to a post-treatment unit 11 for reverse osmosis, which is installed after drainage columns 8 and is used to separate substances dissolved in water at the molecular level. In the installation of 11 "reverse osmosis" achieve a much higher degree of water purification than in the main classical filtering methods, based on the adsorption of pollutants on activated carbon and filtering of mechanical impurities. In this process, water and the substances dissolved in it are separated at the molecular level, after which pure water is used to replenish the reservoir 10 for breeding fish.

The use of reverse osmosis systems has the following advantages, for example:

- the degree of extraction of pollutants - 99.9%;

- unique quality of purified water:

- removal of low molecular weight humic compounds that give water a yellowish tint and worsen its organoleptic properties;

- universality - effective extraction of a mixture of pollutants: heavy metal ions + calcium and magnesium ions + phosphates, sulfates and chlorides;

- lack of secondary water pollution;

- long service life of the system with periodic backwashing of membranes;

- simplicity and reliability in operation, automated operation;

- high profitability;

- high environmental safety.

In addition, the use of reverse osmosis and nanofiltration plants allows to obtain high-quality softened water during water treatment and water for flushing operations and preparation of electrolyte solutions when creating recycling water supply systems for machine-building enterprises.

After processing in a reverse osmosis unit, the resulting clean water can be guaranteed to be used to replenish the reservoir for fish farming.

The sludge and solid precipitates formed in the fine-purification module 5, module 6 of adsorption and chemical oxidation or decarbonization of water, as well as in the treated water storage 7, are sent to the rough treatment module 4 for recycling, and then precipitated for recycling and the waste contained in it is forcibly pumped to module 12 of the mechanical wastewater treatment, where they carry out additional waste treatment, which is then dehydrated and decontaminated in module 13 of dehydration and decontamination arazhivaniya.

In a centrifuge, the slurry fed into it is compacted and dehydrated. The result is a cake with a high solids content, and the purified water passes back through the drum and is discharged in the cylindrical part of the drum, or fed into the module 4 for rough wastewater treatment.

Dehydrated and disinfected waste is sent to the appropriate briquetting unit 14, where the obtained briquettes are used for the production of fertilizers or building materials, or they are packed and packed into briquettes in sealed block bags, transported to places of sale 15 or sent for disposal of 16 disinfected waste.

Aeration used in the proposed technical solution is a technological process, the purpose of which is to compensate for the oxygen deficiency in the source water (for its subsequent iron removal) or to free it from unwanted or excess gases. On an economy and production scale, the industry that uses aeration technology is the fishing industry. Independent aeration of a pond or other body of water in which the fish are breeding is practically impossible, the result of this is a reduced level of oxygen in the water.

The current situation in the field of resource consumption and the scale of industrial emissions allow us to conclude that there is only one way to solve the problem of optimal consumption of natural resources and environmental protection - the creation of environmentally friendly technological processes, or waste-free, and for the first time - low-waste. This is the only method prompted by nature itself.

Using the proposed technical solution, it was possible to create a technological process for treating wastewater with obtaining purified water and disinfected waste and to implement it using a block-modular complex that is easy to manufacture and extremely convenient to maintain, provides a stable high quality of treatment, has wide technological capabilities for account cleaning with continuous flow of contaminants from the module to the module in a circle, which eliminates the need for additional steps and devices tv for recirculation of sludge, as well as rational use of volumes structures biological wastewater treatment and mechanical treatment facilities wastewater implementation circulating water supply for technological needs and provide stable treated water quality parameters. In addition, the use of the proposed technical solution allowed to increase sanitary reliability, environmental safety and cost-effectiveness of the process, expand the scope of its application from the cottage village to the microdistrict, or enterprise.

Claims (3)

1. The method of wastewater treatment to obtain purified water and disinfected waste, including the use of a complex in which preliminary mechanical treatment of wastewater from large solid particles is carried out, biological treatment with saturation of water with atmospheric oxygen and post-treatment, characterized in that the wastewater treatment is carried out by block-modular complex, in which the biological treatment plant is implemented as a module of rough biological wastewater treatment, carrying out preliminary separation solid inclusions from small fractions by means of a polymer charge acting as a biological filter for pre-treatment and saturate water with oxygen, prior to preliminary separation of solid inclusions from small fractions in the coarse biological treatment module, large solid particles are removed from drains by means of a thickener installed in the mechanical cleaning module wastewater placed in front of the coarse biological treatment module removes organic contaminants and biogas after coarse biological treatment These elements in the membrane bioreactor, which is placed in the module for fine wastewater treatment, then in the module for adsorption and chemical oxidation or decarbonization of water, dissolved and suspended organic substances present in the wastewater are oxidized using ozone as an oxidizing agent, and purified water is obtained from the module adsorption and chemical oxidation or decarbonization of water is sent to the treated water storage, from where it is directed to the technical needs by watering the territory, and the excess purified water is gravity removed in drainage column or filtration wells for water disposal, the final purification of purified water is performed in a reverse osmosis, which is installed after the drainage column and used for separation of substances dissolved in water at the molecular level, after which clean water is used to replenish the body of water for fish farming. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the sludge and sediment formed in the fine filtering module and the module for adsorption and chemical oxidation of water or decarbonization of water are sent to the coarse biological treatment module for recycling, and then the precipitated waste is forcibly pumped into mechanical cleaning module, where they carry out additional processing of waste, which is then dehydrated and disinfected in the dehydration and disinfection module, in which a centrifuge and filter press are installed, solid moves is directed to a briquetting appropriate setting, and the briquettes obtained are used for the production of fertilizers or stacked block in sealed packets and sent for recycling disinfected waste. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that at least two coarse purification modules and two fine purification modules, at least two adsorption and chemical oxidation or decarbonization modules of water are installed in the block-modular complex, after which at least three cleaned drives are installed water and at least two drainage columns or filtration wells, as well as one module for dehydration and disinfection of waste and one installation of reverse osmosis.

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