RU2386089C1 - Method of obtaining high speed ice with good sliding, strength and optical properties for sports structures - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: method involves freezing the bottom main ice block, obtaining a 1 mm thick surface sliding layer upon crystallisation of the layer of water placed on the planed off surface of the bottom main ice block when a flooding machine passes over, water treatment, freezing the top sliding layer, where an additive of organosilicon compounds - emulsions and/or oil in amount of 0.05-1.5 ppm of each compound and an additive of aqueous ammonium solution in amount of up to 5.41 ppm are added to the water. The organosilicon compounds are subjected to low temperature (not above 23°C) vacuum purification from low-atomic alcohols, ketones, aldehydes and other substances and compounds which violate smoothness of the ice surface. When filling the tank of the ice-removal and flooding machine, water at temperature 55-65°C is used.

EFFECT: use of the invention improves sliding properties of ice, prevents falling of athletes when turning due to increase in elasticity of the surface layer of ice and prevents chipping, improves smoothness of the surface, optical properties of the ice and gives the ice extra gloss.

3 cl, 4 ex

Description

The invention relates to the creation of artificial ice and can be used in sports and construction when creating artificial ice rinks, skating tracks, etc.

A known method of producing ice, according to which a high molecular weight polymer is introduced into the water before freezing in the amount of 1.0-10 wt.% (Copyright certificate SU 444039, F25C 3/02, 25.09.74).

The disadvantages of this method of producing artificial ice include the fact that local irregularities, ripples, waviness, the surface of the ice are dull and speed properties are low on the ice surface.

Attempts to eliminate these shortcomings were made when receiving two-layer ice (Goncharova G.Yu. et al. Secrets of the ice palace. // Refrigeration. - No. 5 - 2005, - p.10-13), one layer of which (lower) has an increased hardness to prevent deep penetration of the ridge blade into ice, and impurities were introduced into the other (upper) layer - soft. As impurities, film-forming amines, plant-based composites, and water-alcohol solutions were used.

However, ice obtained in this way, however, did not have a sufficiently low coefficient of friction and, accordingly, insufficiently high speed properties, and low optical properties.

Other known methods for producing artificial ice arrays typically include pouring the bottom layer of the ice mass using hoses when the surface of the concrete slab reaches 0 ° C and further decreases. In this case, local exfoliation of the ice massif from the concrete base in the form of air spots, “fragile roses” due to insufficient adhesion of the ice mass to the concrete base is possible.

For example, there is a known method for producing a base layer of artificial ice, which involves preparing an aqueous polymer solution - polyvinyl alcohol and freezing it, the solution containing polyvinyl alcohol in a concentration of 0.5-7.0 wt.%, The solution is frozen at a temperature of from -10 to -60 ° C, and the resulting ice is kept at a temperature of from -2.5 to -6.5 ° C for 5-7 days. (Copyright certificate No. 1649218, F25C 1/00, 05.15.91). The disadvantage of this method of producing ice is that these impurities, introduced in the indicated amounts into the ice mass, gradually being forced out onto the surface, soften the ice mass and reduce the speed and optical properties of the ice surface.

The objective of the present invention is to develop and create a method of producing ice for artificial ice rinks, skating tracks and other ice structures with high speed, strength and optical properties.

The technical result of the invention is to significantly increase the sliding properties of ice, prevent athletes from falling on turns (bends) by increasing the elasticity of the surface layer of ice and preventing chipping, as well as improving the smoothness of the surface, the optical properties of ice, giving it additional shine and radiance.

The technical result is achieved in that a method for producing high-speed ice with high sliding, strength and optical properties for sports facilities includes freezing the lower main ice massif, obtaining a surface sliding ice layer with a thickness of up to 1 mm by crystallizing a layer of water applied to the planed surface of the lower main ice massif when passing an ice-picking (filling) machine, pre-treatment of water by purification from solids by filtration, erosion on the deferrization unit, softening due to the removal of hardness salts on the ion exchanger, desalination by reverse osmosis, subsequent freezing of the upper sliding layer, in which an addition of organosilicon compounds - emulsions and / or oils in the amount of 0.05 to 1.5 ppm of each compound is introduced and the addition of aqueous ammonia in an amount up to 5.41 ppm. In addition, organosilicon compounds are subjected to low-temperature no higher than 23 ° C vacuum purification from low-alcohol alcohols, ketones, aldehydes and other substances and compounds that violate the smoothness of the ice surface, and when pouring into the tank of an ice-picking filling machine, water with a temperature of 55-65 ° C is used.

Ice modified by the introduction of such compositions combines the hardness of quartz and the ductility of rubbers. It has high antifriction properties in a wide range of negative temperatures, high scratch and mechanical resistance, a smooth matte surface. The introduction of organosilicon additives in the form of oils adds an extra shine and shine to the ice coating.

Silicone compositions used in ice technology are environmentally friendly and chemically inert with respect to all components of the system. For speed skating, their unique surface-active properties in the aquatic environment are especially important, since the renewable layer is extremely thin during regular processing of ice.

As noted above, both water-insoluble oligoorganosiloxanes in the form of direct emulsions with micrometric particle sizes of the dispersed phase and water-soluble siloxane-containing block copolymers can act as silicone additives.

The use of oligoorganosiloxane emulsions as additives makes it possible to implement in the surface layers of ice a physical model of ice reinforced at the micrometric level with the so-called “liquid springs”, i.e. having a spatial structure characteristic of a solid body, but preserving the elasticity of interstitial bonds. Thus, on the surface of the ice after crystallization of the spilled film of water, a spatial structure is formed, which is called “jade felt” in the literature. This spatial structure is characterized by a very high surface smoothness, which has not lost its ductility. This effect may be due to a significant decrease in the internal stress between microcrystals of ice in the near-surface layer.

Silicone microparticles act in this case as a low-temperature plasticizer.

The introduction of microdoses of emulsions of oligoorganosiloxanes provides a significant improvement in glide, an increase in the resistance of the ice coating to scratching and mechanical destruction and creates a smooth matte ice surface.

Considering as additives water-soluble siloxane-containing block copolymers it is necessary to note the following:

This group of products belongs to the category of highly effective nonionic surfactants and, accordingly, is distributed in the surface layer of ice in the form of hydrated molecules. This thinnest layer (nanometric thickness) has very specific physical, mechanical and thermal properties. The ice obtained using this group of additives has a low coefficient of friction, a high degree of transparency and gloss. The lower glass transition temperature of the surface layer gives it the properties characteristic of greases, which ensures relief of possible microcracks and re-cutting (filling and healing) of damages and surface injuries that occur on ice.

Example 1

Initially, freezing of the ice massif was carried out. The process of freezing the ice mass was carried out in the normal mode in compliance with all technological regulations and operations according to the RF Patent No. 2274810 of April 20, 2006.

A surface sliding layer with a thickness of up to 1 mm was obtained by crystallizing a layer of water applied to the planed surface of the lower main ice mass when passing through an ice-picking (filling) machine. Pretreatment of water included the following main stages:

- purification from mechanical impurities (filtering);

- iron removal (iron removal installation);

- softening (removal of hardness salts on the ion exchanger);

- desalination (reverse osmosis).

After cleaning, before the introduction of additives, water had a specific conductivity of 95.9 μS / cm, pH up to 6.17, and dissolved oxygen up to 7.89 mg / L.

When pouring an ice picking machine into the tank, water was used at a temperature of 60 ° C.

The first top layer of ice was frozen without adding chemicals and compounds, the slipperiness of the ice was measured using a slide meter similar to that described in the journal "Refrigeration Engineering", No. 6, 2005. The length of the slide on a standard (reverse osmosis) ice was 23.5 m .

To freeze the second modified upper sliding layer, PZhS No. 4, an organosilicon finely divided homogeneous emulsion with a silicon content of 21%, in an amount of 1 ppm, and an addition of an aqueous solution of ammonia in an amount of 5.41 ppm were added to water.

All organosilicon compounds used as additives underwent low-temperature vacuum cleaning of substances and compounds that violate the smoothness of the ice surface.

When organosilicon compounds are introduced into the upper ice layer, chemical interaction does not occur.

The surface of the ice obtained according to this example is a smooth, matte texture. The path length of the slidemeter on the modified coating was 31.5 m.

Example 2

Initially, freezing of the ice massif was carried out. The process of freezing the ice massif was carried out in the normal mode in compliance with all technological regulations and operations provided by the operation and maintenance of the ice arena. The water used for this stage of pouring has passed the water treatment system available at the complex.

A surface sliding layer up to 1 mm thick was obtained by crystallizing a layer of water applied to the planed surface of the lower main massif of hard ice during the passage of an ice-picking (filling) machine. Pretreatment of water included the following main stages:

- purification from mechanical impurities (filtering);

- iron removal (iron removal installation);

- softening (removal of hardness salts on the ion exchanger);

- desalination (reverse osmosis).

After cleaning, before the introduction of additives, water had a specific conductivity of 95.9 μS / cm, pH up to 6.17, and dissolved oxygen up to 7.89 mg / L.

When pouring an ice picking machine into the tank, water was used at a temperature of 60 ° C.

The first top layer of ice was frozen without the introduction of chemicals and compounds. The path length of the slide on standard (reverse osmosis) ice was 23.5 m.

To freeze the upper sliding layer, water was added with an addition of organosilicon oil (ПЖС№3) in an amount of 0.5 ppm and an addition of an aqueous solution of ammonia in an amount of 5.41 ppm.

All organic compounds used as silicon additives have undergone low-temperature vacuum cleaning of substances and compounds that violate the smoothness of the ice surface.

ПЖС№3 is an organosilicon oil with the smallest viscosity synthesized to date, high spreadability, and anti-adhesive properties. In industry, based on ПЖС№3, oils and lubricants are manufactured for precision moving pairs, as well as lubricants for artillery barrels and in rocketry. Kinematic viscosity ПЖС№3 is 44-50 mm ² / s. When silicon is introduced into the upper layer of ice, organic compounds do not chemically interact.

The surface of the ice obtained according to this example is smooth, oily, shiny, looks great when broadcasting and with various lighting effects. The path length of the slidemeter on such a coating was 27.8 m.

Example 3

Initially, freezing of the ice massif was carried out. The process of freezing the ice mass was carried out in the normal mode in compliance with all technological regulations and operations provided by the operation and maintenance of the ice arena. The water used for this stage of pouring has passed the water treatment system available at the complex.

The formation of the modified coating was carried out by successive freezing of two layers with the addition of additives. The first layer with a thickness of up to 1 mm was applied to the planed surface of the lower main massif during the passage of an ice picking (casting) machine. A second layer up to 1 mm thick was applied over the first modified layer. Pretreatment of water included the following main stages:

- purification from mechanical impurities (filtering);

- iron removal (iron removal installation);

- softening (removal of hardness salts on the ion exchanger);

- desalination (reverse osmosis).

After cleaning, before the introduction of additives, water had a specific conductivity of 95.9 μS / cm, pH up to 6.17, and dissolved oxygen up to 7.89 mg / L.

When pouring an ice picking machine into the tank, water was used at a temperature of 60 ° C.

The first top layer of ice was frozen without the introduction of chemicals and compounds. The path length of the slide on standard (reverse osmosis) ice was 23.5 m.

To freeze the second layer, additives of silicon organic compounds ПЖС№4 in the amount of 0.5 ppm, ПЖС№3 in the amount of 0.75 ppm and the addition of aqueous ammonia in the amount of 5.41 ppm were added to water.

All organic compounds used as silicon additives have undergone low-temperature vacuum cleaning of substances and compounds that violate the smoothness of the ice surface.

When silicon is introduced into the upper layer of ice, organic compounds do not chemically interact.

The surface of the ice obtained according to this example is smooth, shiny, oily. The path length of the slide meter was 33.5 m.

Example 4

Initially, freezing of the ice massif was carried out. The process of freezing the ice massif was carried out in the normal mode in compliance with all technological regulations and operations provided by the operation and maintenance of the ice arena. The water used for this stage of pouring has passed the water treatment system available at the complex.

The formation of the modified coating was carried out by sequential freezing of three layers with the addition of additives. The first layer with a thickness of up to 1 mm was applied to the planed surface of the lower main massif during the passage of an ice picking (casting) machine. A second layer up to 1 mm thick was applied over the first modified layer. Pretreatment of water included the following main stages:

- purification from mechanical impurities (filtering);

- iron removal (iron removal installation);

- softening (removal of hardness salts on the ion exchanger);

- desalination (reverse osmosis).

After cleaning, before the introduction of additives, water had a specific conductivity of 95.9 μS / cm, pH up to 6.17, and dissolved oxygen up to 7.89 mg / L.

When pouring an ice picking machine into the tank, water was used at a temperature of 60 ° C.

The first top layer of ice was frozen without the introduction of chemicals and compounds. The path length of the slide on standard (reverse osmosis) ice was 23.5 m.

To freeze the second layer in water, an addition of silicon organic compounds (ПЖС№5) in an amount of 0.35 ppm and an addition of an aqueous solution of ammonia in an amount of 5.41 ppm were introduced.

To freeze the third layer in water was added an additive of silicon organic compounds (ПЖС№3К) in an amount of 0.5 ppm and an addition of an aqueous solution of ammonia in an amount of 5.41 ppm.

All organic compounds used as additives for silicon underwent low-temperature vacuum purification from low-alcohol alcohols, ketones, aldehydes and other substances and compounds that violate the smoothness of the ice surface.

ПЖС№3К - 100% silicone oil, completely soluble in water.

ПЖС№5 - organosilicon finely divided homogeneous emulsion with a silicon content of 27%. When organosilicon compounds are introduced into the upper ice layer, chemical interaction does not occur.

The surface of the ice obtained according to this example is smooth, oily, shiny; upon closer inspection, a faintly visible flat pattern can be observed that does not violate the smoothness of the ice surface. The path length of the slide meter was 32.0 m.

Claims (3)

1. A method of obtaining high-speed ice with high sliding, strength and optical properties for sports facilities, including,
freezing the lower main ice massif,
obtaining a surface sliding ice layer with a thickness of up to 1 mm by crystallizing a layer of water applied to the planed surface of the lower main ice mass when passing an ice-picking, filling machine,
pretreatment of water by purification from mechanical impurities by filtration, deferrization at a deferrization unit, softening by removing hardness salts on an ion exchanger, desalination by reverse osmosis,
subsequent freezing of the upper sliding layer, in which an addition of organosilicon compounds - emulsions and / or oils in the amount of 0.05 to 1.5 ppm of each compound and the addition of aqueous ammonia in the amount of up to 5.41 ppm are introduced into the water. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the organosilicon compounds are subjected to low-temperature no higher than 23 ° C vacuum cleaning from low-alcohol alcohols, ketones, aldehydes and other substances and compounds that violate the smoothness of the ice surface. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that when pouring into the tank an ice picking filling machine, water is used at a temperature of 55-65 ° C.