RU2364807C1 - Method of arranging multilayered ice cover for hockey - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heating.

SUBSTANCE: technical effect consists in enhancement of the ice resistance to destructive loads associated with hockey playing, improvement of the ice plasticity and the ice surface slip properties. In accordance with the method proposed on initially provides for freezing on a lower adhesive layer at least 1 mm thick with admixture of a composite in an amount no more than 50 ppm which is represented by water suspension of polytetrafluorethylene and/or a tetrafluorethylene-hexafluorpropylene copolymer and/or perfluordecaline. One provides for cyclically freezing on layers of varied chemical composition. Within one cycle one successively applies several clear (containing no admixtures) ice layers and several modified layers containing admixtures of ammonia in an amount from 1 ppm to 100 ppm and water suspension of polytetrafluorethylene and/or a tetrafluorethylene-hexafluorpropylene copolymer and/or perfluordecaline in an amount from 0.1 ppm to 50 ppm. The aggregate thickness of modified layers within a single cycle is no more than 2 mm. The aggregate thickness of clear ice layers within a single cycle is no less than 5 mm. After application of the lower layers on the hockey ground underlayer one provides for freezing on upper modified layers containing admixtures of ammonia in an amount from 1 ppm to 100 ppm and water suspension of polytetrafluorethylene and/or a tetrafluorethylene-hexafluorpropylene copolymer and/or perfluordecaline in an amount of approximately 50 ppm.

EFFECT: enhancement of the ice resistance to destructive loads associated with hockey playing, improvement of the ice plasticity and the ice surface slip properties.

5 cl, 1 dwg, 6 ex

Description

The invention relates to the creation of artificial ice and can be used in sports for hockey and construction to create artificial ice rinks.

The prior art several methods for producing multilayer ice coatings with additives. For example, there is a known method for producing ice, according to which a high molecular weight polymer, polyox, is added to water in the amount of 10-10 wt.% (Copyright certificate SU 444039, F25C 3/02, 25.09.74) before freezing.

The disadvantages of this method of producing artificial ice include the following:

1) the polymer introduced into the ice mass, reduces its hardness,

2) local irregularities, ripples, waviness are formed on the ice surface,

3) the use of high molecular weight polymer is difficult due to its poor solubility in water.

These shortcomings were eliminated upon receipt of two-layer ice (Goncharova G.Yu. et al. Secrets of the ice palace. // Refrigeration. - No. 5 - 2005. - p.10-13), one layer of which (lower) has increased hardness for prevent deep penetration of the ridge blade into the ice, and impurities were introduced into the other (upper) layer - soft -. As impurities, film-forming amines, plant-based composites, and water-alcohol solutions were used.

However, ice obtained in this way, however, did not have a sufficiently low coefficient of friction and, accordingly, insufficiently high speed properties.

A known method of producing multilayer ice suitable for hockey (patent RU No. 2310142 dated 10.11.2007, class F25C 3/02), which includes the formation of a subbase with at least one layer containing ammonia additives and an aqueous suspension of polytetrafluoroethylene and / or a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene with hexafluoropropylene and / or perfluorodecalin.

The objective of the invention is to develop and create a method for producing a multilayer ice cover for hockey.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the stability of ice to destructive loads in hockey, increase its ductility, i.e. reducing the number of chips and muck after a match and increasing the sliding properties of the ice surface, maintaining optical transparency.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the claimed method of producing a multilayer ice cover for hockey, including the formation of a subbase with at least one layer containing additives of ammonia and an aqueous suspension of polytetrafluoroethylene, and / or a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene with hexafluoropropylene, and / or perfluorodecalin, is also characterized the fact that at first the lower adhesive layer is frozen at least 1 mm thick with the addition of not more than 50 ppm of a composite - an aqueous suspension of polytetrafluoroethylene, and / or a tetrafluoroethylene copolymer with hexafluoropropylene, and / or perfluorodecalin, then water layers with different chemical compositions are subsequently frozen in cycles using several layers, clean without additives, and several layers of modified layers successively applied, containing ammonia additives in an amount of 1 ppm or more, that are applied in a cycle. up to 100 ppm and / or an aqueous suspension of polytetrafluoroethylene and / or a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene with hexafluoropropylene and / or perfluorodecalin in an amount of from 0.1 ppm to 50 ppm, the total Thickness of the modified layers is not more than 2 mm in one cycle in the formation of a hockey subbase, and the total thickness of the net layers is not less than 5 mm in one cycle.

After applying the 2nd, 3rd or 4th modified layer, hockey marking is laid, then at least 2 clean layers of water are applied without additives with a temperature not exceeding 15 ÷ 20 ° C to prevent delamination (floating) of the marking elements. Laying the markings on the modified layers provides additional adhesion (sticking) to ice, and subsequent cold layers of clean water prevent delamination and ascent.

To improve optical perception, advertising banners are placed after 2-3 clean layers of water. At least two layers of pure water without additives and with a temperature of 15 ÷ 20 ° C are also applied to them.

After marking and advertising on the hockey base, freeze the upper modified layers with ammonia in an amount of from 1 ppm to 100 ppm and / or an aqueous suspension of polytetrafluoroethylene and / or a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene with hexafluoropropylene and / or perfluorodecalin in an amount of 0.1 ppm up to 50 ppm, so that the total thickness of the upper modified layers is at least 10 mm.

In addition, they use an aqueous suspension that has undergone low-temperature vacuum cleaning of chemical compounds that impair the smoothness of the ice surface.

In addition, the water used to make ice is subjected to preliminary treatment and deep deaeration.

In addition, the freezing of the upper layers of ice is carried out using ice machines.

In addition, water with a temperature of at least 60 ° C is used to freeze the modified layers.

The choice of additives as an aqueous suspension of polytetrafluoroethylene, and / or a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene with hexafluoropropylene, and / or perfluorodecalin in an amount of not more than 50 ppm, as well as ammonia in an amount of not more than 100 ppm, is due to the following.

In the course of research, the inventors found that when an aqueous suspension of polytetrafluoroethylene and / or a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene with hexafluoropropylene and / or perfluorodecalin is introduced in an amount of not more than 50 ppm into the top layer of ice, the sliding properties of the ice surface increase, but its strength properties slightly decrease, which in the framework of hockey tournaments is unacceptable (ice should not crumble). In this regard, a combination of a sliding additive with an additive that increases the strength properties of ice is proposed — ammonia in an amount of not more than 100 ppm.

With the introduction of an aqueous suspension of polytetrafluoroethylene and / or a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene with hexafluoropropylene and / or perfluorodecalin in an amount of not more than 50 ppm into the inner layers of the ice when the ice mass is formed, the latter becomes softer, more plastic and is characterized by high wear resistance (minimum amount of snow crumb and chicken after hockey matches).

The authors of the present invention determined that the use of an additive of an aqueous suspension of polytetrafluoroethylene, and / or a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene with hexafluoropropylene, and / or perfluorodecalin in an amount of more than 50 ppm leads to greater softening and penetration into the lower layers, as a result of which hardness is lost.

In the course of research, the inventors found that the addition of ammonia in the declared amount to the top layer of ice provides an additional very stable increase in the sliding properties of the ice surface. So the introduction of such an additive (in combination with other declared additives) creates the conditions for ice with the best physical and mechanical properties for holding hockey matches.

It should be noted that the use of an additive of an aqueous suspension of polytetrafluoroethylene, and / or a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene with hexafluoropropylene, and / or perfluorodecalin and ammonia in the declared amounts, providing a positive effect on the quality of ice, however, is in very low concentrations - microconcentrations, which are not only they are not perceptible by the organoleptic of a person, but they do not affect his health, as evidenced by the compliance of the declared amounts of additives with the sanitary requirements for sports facilities.

The choice of the thickness of the modified layers of not more than 2 mm in one cycle (the sequence of applying the “clean” and modified layers) during the formation of the hockey subbase is due to the fact that, with a larger layer thickness, excessive softening of the ice monolith occurs, which, in turn, negatively affects the speed properties ice. It is by alternating a clean layer with a thickness of 5 mm and a modified layer of 2 mm that the optimum balance of the sliding and plastic properties of the hockey base is achieved.

Preliminary treatment and deep deaeration of water is an additional condition for obtaining a smooth, defect-free, without the inclusion of air bubbles of ice.

Another condition is compliance with the temperature regime for water when freezing a modified layer: when pouring into a tank of an ice picking (filling) machine, water with a temperature of at least 60 ° C is used, which is important to reduce the rate of ice crystallization.

The method is illustrated in the drawing, which shows:

1 - hockey base,

2 - level of markup and advertising,

3 - adhesive layer,

4 - "clean" layers, up to 1 mm thick each, the number of layers is at least 5,

5 - modified layers, up to 1 mm thick each, the number of layers is not more than 2, the concentration is from 0.1 to 10 ppm,

6 - "clean" layers, up to 1 mm thick each, the number of layers is at least 5,

7 - modified layers, up to 1 mm thick each, the number of layers is not more than 2, the concentration is from 0.1 to 10 ppm,

8 - "clean" layers, up to 1 mm thick each, the number of layers is at least 5,

9 - modified layers, with a thickness of up to 1 mm each, the number of layers is not more than 2, the concentration is from 0.1 to 10 ppm,

10 - "clean" layers, up to 1 mm thick each, the number of layers is at least 5,

11 - modified layers, up to 1 mm thick each, the number of layers is not more than 2, the concentration is from 0.1 to 10 ppm,

12 - "clean" layers, up to 1 mm thick each, the number of layers is at least 5,

13 - modified layers, up to 1 mm thick each, the number of layers is not more than 2, the concentration is from 0.1 to 10 ppm,

14 - upper modified layers, the total thickness of the freezing layers is not less than 10 mm, pouring is carried out by an ice-filling machine, the concentration of NH3 is from 1 to 100 ppm, from 0.1 to 50 ppm.

Example 1 implementation of the claimed method.

Obtaining a multi-layer ice cover for hockey.

A base was formed: first, a lower adhesive layer of 1 mm thick was frozen with the addition of 50 ppm of a composite - an aqueous suspension of polytetrafluoroethylene, and a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene with hexafluoropropylene and perfluorodecalin.

Then, alternately in cycles, water layers with different chemical compositions are frozen.

In one cycle, sequentially one after another, pure layers without additives were applied. The total thickness of the clean layers was 5 mm in one cycle.

Then, sequentially one after the other, modified layers were applied containing ammonia additives in an amount of 1 ppm and an aqueous suspension of polytetrafluoroethylene, and a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene with hexafluoropropylene and perfluorodecalin in an amount of 0.1 ppm.

The total thickness of the modified layers was 2 mm in one cycle.

In the final cycle of the lower layers, marking was applied to the last modified layer, and through 2 cold clean layers - advertising. Completed the hockey base 3 clean layers of cold water.

Next, the upper modified layers with ammonia additives in an amount of 1 ppm and additives - an aqueous suspension of polytetrafluoroethylene, and a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene with hexafluoropropylene and perfluorodecalin in an amount of 50 ppm were frozen on the hockey base, the total thickness of the upper modified layers was 10 mm.

An aqueous suspension was used, which underwent a special low-temperature vacuum cleaning of chemical compounds that impair the smoothness of the ice surface.

Freezing the upper layers of ice was carried out using ice pickers.

The water used for pouring passed the purification system by passing it through a mass filter and activated carbon, and also underwent deep deaeration.

Pretreatment of water included the following main stages:

- purification from mechanical impurities (filtering);

- clarification and removal of active chlorine using activated carbon;

- softening (removal of hardness salts on the ion exchanger);

- desalination up to 98-99% (reverse osmosis);

- removal of dissolved gases by vacuum and thermal deaeration;

- UV disinfection.

After purification, before the introduction of additives, water had a specific conductivity of 5 μS / cm-1, pH up to 7.8, and dissolved oxygen content up to 1 mg / L.

Ice was obtained with increased resistance to destructive loads in hockey, increased ductility, i.e. the number of chips and chicken after the match is reduced. The sliding properties of the ice surface are higher than in the case of a different technology for applying ice for hockey.

Example 2 implementation of the claimed method.

To obtain a multilayer ice cover for hockey, a subbase was formed: first, a lower adhesive layer of 1.3 mm thickness was frozen with the addition of 25 ppm of a composite - an aqueous suspension of a tetrafluoroethylene copolymer with hexafluoropropylene and perfluorodecalin.

Then, alternately in cycles, water layers with different chemical compositions are frozen.

In one cycle, sequentially one after another, pure layers without additives were applied. The total thickness of the clean layers was 6 mm in one cycle.

Then successively applied successive layers of modified layers containing 100 ppm ammonia additives and an aqueous suspension of polytetrafluoroethylene, a tetrafluoroethylene copolymer with hexafluoropropylene and perfluorodecalin in an amount of 50.5 ppm.

The total thickness of the modified layers was 1.2 mm in one cycle.

In the final cycle of the lower layers, marking was applied to the last modified layer, and through 2 cold clean layers - advertising. Completed the hockey base 3 clean layers of cold water.

Further, the upper modified layers were frozen on a hockey base with ammonia additives in an amount of 100 ppm and additives - an aqueous suspension of polytetrafluoroethylene, and a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene with hexafluoropropylene, and perfluorodecalin in an amount of 50 ppm, the total thickness of the upper modified layers was 12 mm.

An aqueous suspension was used, which underwent a special low-temperature vacuum cleaning of chemical compounds that impair the smoothness of the ice surface.

Freezing the upper layers of ice was carried out using ice pickers.

The water used for pouring passed the purification system by passing it through a mass filter and activated carbon, and also underwent deep deaeration.

Pretreatment of water included the following main stages:

- purification from mechanical impurities (filtering);

- clarification and removal of active chlorine using activated carbon;

- softening (removal of hardness salts on the ion exchanger);

- desalination up to 98-99% (reverse osmosis);

- removal of dissolved gases by vacuum and thermal deaeration;

- UV disinfection.

After purification, before the introduction of additives, water had a specific conductivity of 5 μS / cm-1, pH up to 7.8, and dissolved oxygen content up to 1 mg / L.

We obtained ice with high resistance to destructive loads in hockey, high plasticity, i.e. the number of chips and chicken after the match is much less. The sliding properties of the ice surface were also significantly higher than in the case of a different technology for applying ice for hockey.

Example 3 implementation of the claimed method.

Obtaining a multi-layer ice cover for hockey.

A base was formed: first, a lower adhesive layer of 1.3 mm thickness was frozen with the addition of 35 ppm of a composite - an aqueous suspension of polytetrafluoroethylene, and a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene with hexafluoropropylene and perfluorodecalin.

Then, in succession cycles, water layers with different chemical compositions were frozen.

In one cycle, sequentially one after another, pure layers without additives were applied. The total thickness of the clean layers was 5.2 mm in one cycle.

Then successively applied successively modified layers containing 10 ppm ammonia additives and an aqueous suspension of polytetrafluoroethylene, and a tetrafluoroethylene copolymer with hexafluoropropylene and perfluorodecalin in an amount of 15 ppm.

The total thickness of the modified layers was 1.4 mm in one cycle.

In the final cycle of the lower layers, marking was applied to the last modified layer, and through 2 cold clean layers - advertising. Completed the hockey base 3 clean layers of cold water.

Further, the upper modified layers were frozen on a hockey base with ammonia additives in an amount of 70 ppm and additives - an aqueous suspension of polytetrafluoroethylene, and a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene with hexafluoropropylene and perfluorodecalin in an amount of 49.4 ppm, the total thickness of the upper modified layers was 18 mm.

An aqueous suspension was used, which underwent a special low-temperature vacuum cleaning of chemical compounds that impair the smoothness of the ice surface.

Freezing the upper layers of ice was carried out using ice pickers.

The water used for pouring passed the purification system by passing it through a mass filter and activated carbon, and also underwent deep deaeration.

Pretreatment of water included the following main stages:

- purification from mechanical impurities (filtering);

- clarification and removal of active chlorine using activated carbon;

- softening (removal of hardness salts on the ion exchanger);

- desalination up to 98-99% (reverse osmosis);

- removal of dissolved gases by vacuum and thermal deaeration;

- UV disinfection.

After purification, before the introduction of additives, water had a specific conductivity of 6 μS / cm-1, pH 7.8, and a dissolved oxygen content of up to 1 mg / L.

We obtained ice with increased resistance to destructive loads in hockey, increased ductility, i.e. the number of chips and chicken after the match is reduced. The sliding properties of the ice surface are higher than in the case of another technology for applying ice for hockey.

Example 4 implementation of the claimed method.

To obtain a multilayer ice cover for hockey, a sub-base was formed: first, a lower adhesive layer 1.3 mm thick was frozen with the addition of 25 ppm of a composite - an aqueous suspension of a tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer.

Then, alternately in cycles, water layers with different chemical compositions are frozen.

In one cycle, sequentially one after another, pure layers without additives were applied. The total thickness of the clean layers was 7 mm in one cycle.

Then, successively applied, successive layers of modified layers containing 85 ppm ammonia additives and 45 ppm polytetrafluoroethylene and perfluorodecalin aqueous suspension.

The total thickness of the modified layers was 1.6 mm in one cycle.

In the final cycle of the lower layers, marking was applied to the last modified layer, and through 2 cold clean layers - advertising. Completed the hockey base 3 clean layers of cold water.

Next, the upper modified layers with 20 ppm ammonia additives and additives, an aqueous suspension of tetrafluoroethylene copolymer with hexafluoropropylene and perfluorodecalin in an amount of 48.9 ppm, were frozen on the hockey base, the total thickness of the upper modified layers was 11 mm.

An aqueous suspension was used, which underwent a special low-temperature vacuum cleaning of chemical compounds that impair the smoothness of the ice surface.

Freezing the upper layers of ice was carried out using ice pickers.

The water used for pouring passed the purification system by passing it through a mass filter and activated carbon, and also underwent deep deaeration.

Pretreatment of water included the following main stages:

- purification from mechanical impurities (filtering);

- clarification and removal of active chlorine using activated carbon;

- softening (removal of hardness salts on the ion exchanger);

- desalination up to 98-99% (reverse osmosis);

- removal of dissolved gases by vacuum and thermal deaeration;

- UV disinfection.

After purification, before the introduction of additives, water had a specific conductivity of 5 μS / cm-1, pH up to 7.8, and dissolved oxygen content up to 1 mg / L.

We obtained ice with high resistance to destructive loads in hockey, high plasticity, i.e. the number of chips and chicken after the match is much less. The sliding properties of the ice surface were also significantly higher than in the case of a different technology for applying ice for hockey.

Example 5 implementation of the claimed method.

Obtaining a multi-layer ice cover for hockey. A part of the method was the same as in Example 1, with the exception of the following: a lower 1.35 mm thick adhesive layer was frozen with the addition of 30 ppm of a composite — an aqueous suspension of a tetrafluoroethylene copolymer with hexafluoropropylene and perfluorodecalin.

Then, in succession cycles, water layers with different chemical compositions were frozen.

In one cycle, sequentially one after another, pure layers without additives were applied. The total thickness of the clean layers was 6.2 mm in one cycle.

Then, successively applied, successive layers of modified layers containing 12 ppm ammonia additives and 15 ppm aqueous suspension of polytetrafluoroethylene and perfluorodecalin.

The total thickness of the modified layers was 1.4 mm in one cycle.

In the final cycle of the lower layers, marking was applied to the last modified layer, and through 2 cold clean layers - advertising. Completed the hockey base 3 clean layers of cold water.

Further, the upper modified layers with 70 ppm ammonia additives and additives, an aqueous suspension of 50.9 ppm polytetrafluoroethylene and perfluorodecalin, were frozen on the hockey base, the total thickness of the upper modified layers was 18 mm.

An aqueous suspension was used, which underwent a special low-temperature vacuum cleaning of chemical compounds that impair the smoothness of the ice surface.

Example 6 implementation of the claimed method (comparative).

Obtaining a multi-layer ice cover for hockey.

A base was formed: first, a lower adhesive layer of 0.8 mm thickness was frozen with the addition of 35 ppm of a composite - an aqueous suspension of polytetrafluoroethylene, and a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene with hexafluoropropylene and perfluorodecalin.

Then, in succession cycles, water layers with different chemical compositions were frozen.

In one cycle, sequentially one after another, pure layers without additives were applied. The total thickness of the clean layers was 3 mm in one cycle.

Then, successively applied to each other, modified layers containing only 10 ppm ammonia additive.

The total thickness of the modified layers was 1.4 mm in one cycle.

Then the markings were applied.

Immediately after applying the marking on the hockey base, the upper modified layers with additions of ammonia in an amount of 70 ppm were frozen, the total thickness of the upper modified layers was 18 mm.

Ice did not meet the requirements for high-quality coatings.

The above examples clearly confirm that when implementing the claimed method, it is possible to obtain the above technical result - increasing the resistance of ice to destructive loads in hockey, increasing its ductility, i.e. a decrease in the number of chips and muck after a match and an increase in the sliding properties of the ice surface.

Claims (5)

1. A method of producing a multilayer ice cover for hockey, comprising forming a base with at least one layer containing ammonia and an aqueous suspension of polytetrafluoroethylene and / or a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene with hexafluoropropylene and / or perfluorodecalin, characterized in that the lower adhesive layer is first frosted thickness of at least 1 mm with the addition of not more than 50 million ^-1 composite - an aqueous suspension of polytetrafluoroethylene and / or tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer and / or perfluorodecalin, then alternately cycles of freezing a water layers with different chemical composition for use in one cycle consecutively deposited several layers of pure without additives and several consecutively deposited layers modified, ammonia-containing additives in an amount of from 1 to 100 million ^-1 and / or aqueous suspension polytetrafluoroethylene and / or tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer and / or perfluorodecalin in an amount of from 0.1 to 50 million ^1, wherein the total thickness of the modified layers is not more than 2 mm at one-quarter m cycle in the formation of a hockey subbase, and the total thickness of the net layers is not less than 5 mm in one cycle, then hockey subbase is performed freezing the upper layers modified with additions of ammonia in an amount of from 1 to 100 million ^-1 and / or of an aqueous suspension of polytetrafluoroethylene and / or a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene with hexafluoropropylene and / or perfluorodecalin in an amount of about 50 million ^1, so that the total thickness of the modified upper layer is not less than 10 mm. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that they use an aqueous suspension that has undergone low-temperature vacuum cleaning of chemical compounds that impair the smoothness of the ice surface. 3. The method according to any one of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the water used to produce ice is subjected to preliminary treatment and deep deaeration. 4. The method according to any one of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the freezing of the upper layers of ice is carried out using ice machines. 5. The method according to any one of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that for the freezing of the modified layers using water with a temperature of at least 60 ° C.