RU2364806C1 - Method of arranging multilayered ice cover for curling - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heating.

SUBSTANCE: proposed method of arranging a multilayered ice cover for curling envisages formation of an ice underlayer characterised by enhanced hardness and similar to monocrystal ice in terms of structure and slip properties. Initially one provides for freezing on a lower adhesive layer at least 1 mm thick with admixture of a composite in an amount no more than 50 ppm which is represented by water suspension of polytetrafluorethylene and/or a tetrafluorethylene-hexafluorpropylene copolymer and/or perfluordecaline. Then follows the underlayer formation by way of successively freezing on several clear (containing no admixtures) ice layers each no more than 1 mm. After that one provides for freezing pebble embossments onto the underlayer using water with a temperature no less than 60° C; the pebbles contain admixtures of ammonia in an amount from 0.1 ppm to 100 ppm and water suspension of polytetrafluorethylene and/or a tetrafluorethylene-hexafluorpropylene copolymer and/or perfluordecaline in an amount from 50 ppm to 100 ppm.

EFFECT: extended service life of the ice cover structure produced.

3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the creation of artificial ice for playing curling and can be used to create artificial platforms for this game. The curling ice cover is a hard, extremely smooth and even ice base, onto which water is sprayed manually from a special vessel. Water droplets frozen on a flat ice surface are called pubbles. As a result, a surface is created that is evenly covered with microroughnesses, on which the game stone glides. In contrast to a simply smooth surface, gliding on ice with pubbles applied is more controllable and allows the team to more accurately perform game maneuvers.

However, when applying pabbles from ordinary water, even after all stages of purification, the pubbles are worn away until the end of the game period. Thus, the objective of the invention is to develop and create a method for producing a multilayer ice cover for curling, using which the lower part (subbase) has increased hardness and structure and slippage is close to single-crystal ice, and the pubbles have a long wear time and remain until the end of the game.

The prior art several methods for producing multilayer ice coatings with additives. For example, there is a known method for producing ice, according to which a high molecular weight polymer, polyox, is added to water in the amount of 10-10 wt.% (Copyright certificate SU 444039, F25C 3/02, 25.09.74) before freezing.

The disadvantages of this method of producing artificial ice include the following:

1) the polymer introduced into the ice mass, reduces its hardness,

2) local irregularities, ripples, waviness are formed on the ice surface,

3) the use of high molecular weight polymer is difficult due to its poor solubility in water.

These shortcomings were eliminated when receiving two-layer ice (Goncharova G.Yu. et al. Secrets of the ice palace. // Refrigeration, No. 5, 2005, pp. 10-13), one layer of which (lower) has increased hardness to prevent deep penetration of the ridge blade into ice, and impurities were introduced into the other (upper) layer - soft. As impurities, film-forming amines, plant-based composites, and water-alcohol solutions were used.

However, ice obtained in this way, however, does not have a sufficiently low coefficient of friction, and the pubbles applied by spraying from water of the same composition quickly wear out and by the end of the game the ice surface becomes smooth without a regular relief, which significantly worsens the game conditions and accuracy "Stone".

A known method of producing multilayer ice suitable for curling, which is obtained by forming an ice subbase having increased hardness and structure close to single crystal ice (patent RU No. 2274810 from 02.10.05).

The technical result of the invention is to increase the retention time of the obtained structure of the ice cover, which is ensured by the application of specially composed pubbles to the solid ice base, which, in turn, have a long wear time.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the claimed method for producing a multilayer ice cover for curling, including the formation of an ice subbase with increased hardness and structure and sliding properties similar to single-crystal ice, is characterized in that the lower adhesive layer is at least 1 mm thick with an additive not more than 50 ppm of a composite - an aqueous suspension of polytetrafluoroethylene and / or a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene with hexafluoropropylene and / or perfluorodecalin, then form axially by sequentially freezing several clean layers without additives no more than 1 mm thick each, on the base with water with a temperature of at least 60 ° C, modified protrusions are frozen - pubbles containing ammonia additives in an amount of 0.1 ppm to 100 ppm and an aqueous suspension of polytetrafluoroethylene and / or a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene with hexafluoropropylene and / or perfluorodecalin in an amount of from 50 ppm to 100 ppm.

In addition, an aqueous suspension is used that has undergone low-temperature vacuum cleaning of chemical compounds that impair the smoothness of the ice surface.

In addition, the water used to make ice is subjected to preliminary treatment and deep deaeration.

Application of an adhesive layer with the specified parameters is necessary to prevent the possibility of delamination of the ice massif.

As additives for applying the adhesive layer, an aqueous suspension of polytetrafluoroethylene and / or a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene with hexafluoropropylene and / or perfluorodecalin in an amount of from 1 ppm to 50 ppm was selected.

Ammonia in an amount of from 0.1 ppm to 100 ppm and an aqueous suspension of polytetrafluoroethylene and / or a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene and / or perfluorodecalin in an amount of from 50 ppm to 100 ppm were selected as additives for the formation of pubbles.

The choice of these intervals is due to the following. In the course of research, the inventors found that when additives were added to the adhesive layer within the indicated concentration range, no detachment of the ice mass was observed and no cracks occurred during the formation of the ice mass. When forming modified pubbles with the addition of an aqueous suspension of polytetrafluoroethylene and / or a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene with hexafluoropropylene and / or perfluorodecalin in an amount of not less than 50 ppm and not more than 100 ppm and ammonia in an amount of not less than 0.1 ppm and not more than 100 ppm, the sliding properties of the resulting surfaces increase, while the period of wear and “erasure” of the pubbles increases significantly.

The choice of the upper limits is due to the achievement of the required level of hardness and wear resistance of the pubbles and the sliding properties of the ice base.

The choice of lower limits is determined by the minimum allowable amount of additives to obtain a technical result.

In addition, the authors of the present invention determined that the use of an additive of an aqueous suspension of polytetrafluoroethylene and / or a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene with hexafluoropropylene and / or perfluorodecalin in an amount of more than 100 ppm leads to greater softening and penetration into the lower layers, as a result of which hardness is lost.

In the course of research, the inventors found that the addition of ammonia in the claimed amount during freezing of the pubbles provides an additional increase in the hardness of the pubbles and a very stable increase in the sliding properties. So the introduction of such an additive (in combination with other declared additives) creates the conditions for obtaining and long-term preservation of a specific curling ice surface with better physicomechanical properties in comparison with all known analogues.

It should be noted that the use of an additive of an aqueous suspension of polytetrafluoroethylene and / or a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene with hexafluoropropylene and / or perfluorodecalin in the stated amounts, providing a positive effect on the quality of ice, is nevertheless in very low concentrations - microconcentrations that are not only not noticeable to the organoleptic of a person, but they do not affect his health, as evidenced by the compliance of the declared amounts of additives with sanitary requirements for sports facilities.

Preliminary treatment and deep deaeration of water is an additional condition for obtaining a smooth, defect-free, without the inclusion of air bubbles of ice.

Another condition is compliance with the temperature regime for water when freezing modified pubbles: when pouring into a special filling device, water with a temperature of at least 60 ° C is used, which is important to reduce the rate of ice crystallization.

The method is illustrated in the drawing, which shows:

1 - solid monolith, including an adhesive layer and a subbase,

2 - pubbles,

3 - "clean" layers, up to 1 mm thick each,

4 - markup level,

5 - adhesive layer.

Example 1 implementation of the claimed method

To obtain a multilayer ice cover for curling, the lower adhesive layer with a thickness of 1.1 mm was first frozen with the addition of 45 ppm of a composite - an aqueous suspension of polytetrafluoroethylene and perfluorodecalin, then a base was formed by sequential freezing of several 0.8 mm thick layers without additives each.

The subbase was formed with increased hardness and in structure close to single-crystal ice.

On a base, using water at a temperature of 60 ° C, modified protrusions were frozen — pubbles containing 0.1 ppm ammonia additives and 60 ppm aqueous suspension of polytetrafluoroethylene and perfluorodecalin.

An aqueous suspension is used, which has undergone a special low-temperature vacuum cleaning of chemical compounds that impair the smoothness of the ice surface.

The water used for pouring passed the purification system by passing it through a mass filter and activated carbon, and also underwent deep deaeration.

Pretreatment of water included the following main stages:

- purification from mechanical impurities (filtering);

- clarification and removal of active chlorine using activated carbon;

- softening (removal of hardness salts on the ion exchanger);

- desalination up to 98-99% (reverse osmosis);

- removal of dissolved gases by vacuum and thermal deaeration;

- UV disinfection.

After cleaning, before the introduction of additives, water had a specific conductivity of 5-7 μS / cm ^-1 , pH up to 7.8, the dissolved oxygen content up to 1 mg / L.

Example 2 implementation of the claimed method

To obtain a multilayer ice cover for curling, the lower adhesive layer with a thickness of 1.1 mm was first frozen with the addition of 50 ppm of a composite - an aqueous suspension of polytetrafluoroethylene and a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene with hexafluoropropylene and perfluorodecalin.

A subbase was formed by successively freezing clean, without additives, layers 1 mm thick each.

The subbase was formed with increased hardness and in structure close to single-crystal ice.

On a base, using water at a temperature of 65 ° C, modified protrusions were frozen — pubbles containing 100 ppm ammonia additives and an aqueous suspension of 100 ppm tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer.

Example 3 implementation of the claimed method

All ice conditions remained the same as in Example 1, except that the modified tabs — pubbles — contained 30 ppm ammonia additives and 70 ppm tetrafluoroethylene copolymer of aqueous tetrafluoroethylene copolymer.

Example 4 implementation of the claimed method

All ice conditions remained the same as in Example 1, except that the modified tabs — the pubbles — contained 15 ppm ammonia additives and an 80 ppm tetrafluoroethylene hexafluoropropylene aqueous suspension of the copolymer.

Example 5 implementation of the claimed method

All conditions for ice production remained the same as in example 1, except that the lower adhesive layer of 1.2 mm thick was frozen with the addition of 35 ppm of a composite - an aqueous suspension of a tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, then a base was formed by successively freezing several clean without additives layers 0.95 mm thick each.

The subbase was formed with increased hardness and in structure close to single-crystal ice.

On a subbase with water at a temperature of at least 70 ° C, modified protrusions were frozen — pubbles containing ammonia additives in an amount of 50 ppm and perfluorodecalin in an amount of 0.2 ppm.

The above examples clearly confirm that when implementing the inventive method, it is possible to obtain the above technical result.

Claims (3)

1. A method of producing a multilayer ice cover for curling, including the formation of an ice subbase with increased hardness and structure and sliding properties similar to single-crystal ice, characterized in that the lower adhesive layer is at least 1 mm thick with an addition of not more than 50 million ^{- 1} composite - an aqueous suspension of polytetrafluoroethylene and / or a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene with hexafluoropropylene and / or perfluorodecalin, then form a base by successively freezing several x pure without additives layers not thicker than 1 mm each, on subbase using a water temperature of not less than 60 ° C is frozen modified protrusions - pabbly containing ammonia additives in an amount of 0.1 to 100 million ^-1 and an aqueous suspension of polytetrafluoroethylene and / or copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene with hexafluoropropylene and / or perfluorodecalin in an amount of from 50 to 100 million ^-1. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that they use an aqueous suspension that has undergone low-temperature vacuum cleaning of chemical compounds that impair the smoothness of the ice surface. 3. The method according to any one of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the water used to produce ice is subjected to preliminary treatment and deep deaeration.