RU2382651C1 - Therapeutic preparation for young growth of agricultural animals and method for prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases of calves with its application - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: veterinary science.

SUBSTANCE: therapeutic preparation for young growth of agricultural animals represents an alcohol infusion from ground plant mix of herbs and blossoms of purple coneflower, foalfoot, herb of Syrian rue and roots of common licorice, taken in equal amounts. For prevention of gastrointestinal diseases of calves on the background of passive immunisation against rota-coronaviruses by subcutaneous injection of blood serum of animal-survivors, containing specific antibodies against rota-coronaviruses in titres of not lower than 1:128 and 1:64 accordingly, therapeutic preparation is taken inside in dose of 20 ml for 10 days with interval of 48-72 hours as representing an alcoholic infusion of mixture of equal amounts of herbs and blossoms of purple coneflower, foalfoot, herb of Syrian rue and roots of common licorice in the form of 7-8% aqueous solution, with preventive purpose - in dose of 1.0- 1.5 ml/kg of animal live mass with interval of 24 hours for 7-10 days.

EFFECT: improved efficiency of prevention.

2 cl, 3 tbl, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to medicines of veterinary medicine, in particular to plant-based products used for the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases of calves.

Massive respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases of young farm animals are complex infectious processes in which at various stages of the development of pathology bacteria, viruses, mycoplasmas in various combinations take part. The gastrointestinal diseases of calves of the prophylactic period have a complex etiological structure and are associated with rota- and coronavirus infections complicated by enteropathogenic bacteria. Infection with most viruses leads to the accumulation of humoral antibodies. However, their level drops rapidly, which leads to the development of a secondary immune response and a modification of the disease. In calves who have had rota-coronavirus diarrhea, respiratory diseases at 45-60 days of age are more often recorded. The complexity of the struggle is due to the multicomponent nature of microorganisms, each of which has specific properties of relationships both with the macroorganism and with each other, inhibiting the activity of the immune system, causing an immunosuppressive state. The fact that the disease proceeds against the background of an immunodeficiency state requires the use of drugs and treatment and prophylactic regimens that can affect not only pathogenic agents, but also contribute to an increase in non-specific resistance.

Known methods for the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases of calves based on antibiotic therapy. The main principles of antibiotic therapy for gastrointestinal diseases are: the use of high single and daily doses, the continuity of administration, the duration of administration until the disappearance of signs of the inflammatory process, the use of various routes of administration [1]. However, it was found that the use of antibiotics for digestive disorders leads to inhibition of the activity of a number of tissue enzymes and factors of humoral and cellular immunity [2]. This disadvantage is eliminated by the inclusion in antibiotic treatment regimens of agents that increase natural resistance and immunological protection (vitamins, minerals, non-specific immunoglobulin, serum convalescents, etc.) [3]. An alternative to antibiotic therapy is herbal medicine. The value of medicinal plants lies in the fact that they are low toxic, gently affect the body, and can be used for a long time. For gastrointestinal diseases of calves, decoction of oak bark, incense rhizomes, serpent rhizomes, serpent rhizomes, rhizome roots, cinquefoil root extract, sage leaves, St. John's wort, horse chestnut fruits, horse chestnut flowers, and chamomile flowers are used as astringents and weakly disinfectants. means - decoction of the marshmallow root, licorice root, Icelandic moss, mucus of flax seed, infusion of flowers and mallow leaves [4]. So, yarrow infusion in combination with a water-hungry diet, horse sorrel infusion in combination with neomycin are used to treat dyspepsia of newborn calves, common wormwood for young diarrhea, decoction of warty birch leaves when prescribed half an hour before colostrum is prevented from dyspepsia [5] . The effectiveness of the use of such drugs in mixed infections is not high enough due to the limited pharmacological effects.

In gastrointestinal diseases of viral etiology calves for passive immunization, serums are widely used, for example, serum of animal reconvalescents containing antihemagglutinins to coronavirus companies in titers of 1:32 and 1: 128, respectively [6].

The technical result consists in creating a new drug, which is simple to manufacture, with an extended spectrum of action and a high effect in calf gastrointestinal diseases against the background of passive immunization.

Obtaining this result is achieved by using a therapeutic and prophylactic agent, which is an alcohol tincture from a crushed plant mixture of equal amounts of grass and purple echinacea inflorescences, common harmonica grass, coltsfoot, and licorice root, which is filled with ethyl alcohol at a concentration of 70% at a ratio of 1 : 10, kept in a dark place at a temperature of 15-20 ° C for 7 days, filtered, squeezing the raw material, and filtered.

The used ingredients of the therapeutic agent are widely used in herbal medicine. The proposed collection contains all the necessary substances, the combined use of which has an effective effect on the animal’s body in case of gastrointestinal diseases.

The claimed collection has antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory and soothing effects, exhibits antiviral and antimicrobial activity, helps restore the functions of the digestive system, has detoxifying properties, regulates metabolic processes and increases the body's resistance.

The grass and inflorescences of Echinacea purpurea have immunomodulating activity, inhibit the activity of hyaluronidase, an enzyme that enhances the permeability of viruses and microbes, increase the antimicrobial activity of leukocytes, macrophages and blood neutrophils, and increase the synthesis of protective antibodies and endogenous interferon.

Grass and inflorescences of coltsfoot have a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect, manifested by a decrease in hyperemia of the mucous membranes, antioxidant activity and bacteriostatic properties.

The grass of harmonica vulgaris has a pronounced antimicrobial activity, confirmed by pharmacological studies, provides an anticholinesterase action of the collection.

Licorice roots provide an antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory effect of the collection. In addition, they enhance the healing effects of other herbs included in the collection.

The chemical composition of the therapeutic and prophylactic agent is represented by a complex of biologically active substances providing its high pharmacotherapeutic effect. The dominant biologically active substances are: phenolic compounds, flavonoids, polysaccharides, alkaloids, tannins, vitamins, trace elements, the main of which can be considered zinc, selenium and iron.

Flavonoids (containing all components) inhibit the enzyme catechol-ortho-methyltransferase and provide the adaptive-trophic function of the body due to the adrenoprolonging effect. Flavonoids have P-vitamin (capillary-strengthening) activity. In the total anti-inflammatory effect of flavonoids, their direct effect on cell and tissue membranes is important - a decrease in their permeability, densification of lysosome membranes, inhibition of hyaluronidase, antagonistic effect against inflammatory mediators.

Polysaccharides (contain all components) have an anti-inflammatory, immunocorrective effect. They stimulate nonspecific immunity and phagocytosis, the activity of macrophages and neutrophils, as well as bactericidal function of cells.

Phenolic compounds (contain all components) have an antimicrobial effect, the mechanism of which is due to their ability to be sorbed by the components of the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria, form strong hydrogen bonds with proteins and damage the membrane, in particular, increasing its permeability to ions (primarily potassium) and important metabolites lost cell, as well as for water coming from the outside and contributing to lysis.

78% of the total amount of alkaloids contained in the grass of common harmonica is peganin. Pharmacological studies have shown that 1% and 10% infusions of common harmonica grass have high antistaphylococcal activity, and a 0.25% peganin solution has high antimicrobial activity.

Tannins (licorice licorice - up to 9.46%, purple coneflower - 9.0%, coltsfoot - at least 8.0%), exhibiting a membrane-stabilizing effect, restore the repair processes in hepatocytes and improve the liver antioxidant system.

Vitamins (vitamin C - grass and inflorescences of coltsfoot, Echinacea purpurea; Vitamin E - licorice naked, Vitamin A - Echinacea purpurea) are involved in all metabolic processes, increase the body's resistance to disease, have anti-inflammatory effects, and contribute to detoxification of the body.

The trace element zinc (licorice - 0.33 μg / g, harmala vulgaris - 0.78 μg / g) is involved in the body in immune processes, selenium (licorice - 12.14 μg / g, harmala vulgaris - 1.0 μg / g, coltsfoot - 22.9 mcg / g) is a powerful antioxidant, iron (Echinacea purpurea - 48 mg / 100 g, harmala vulgaris - 0.14 mg / g, licorice - 0.7 mg / g) - the main structural component of hemoglobin of blood and hemo-containing enzymes, as well as in combination with cobalt (naked licorice - 0.03 μg / g, coltsfoot - 4.0 μg / g), has a stimulating effect on immunogenesis with virus GOVERNMENTAL infections, copper (mother coltsfoot - 43.3 g / g, liquorice - 0.2 g / g) increases leukocyte functional activity, lysozyme and bactericidal activity of blood serum.

High collection efficiency is achieved through the combination of a whole complex of biologically active substances, as a result of which there is a mutual strengthening of the beneficial pharmacological properties of each individual component. So, the combination of vitamins A, C and zinc stimulates the synthesis of antibodies, the combination of flavonoids and tannins provides a hepatoprotective effect, and the combination of flavonoids and phenologic glycosides enhances the detoxification function of the liver. The collection has a pronounced anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, antispasmodic, anticholinesterase and adaptogenic effects.

The tincture of the crushed plant mixture of grass and purple coneflower, coltsfoot, common harmonica grass and licorice roots is prepared in the pharmacopeia method in a ratio of raw material to extractor 1:10. Ethanol with a concentration of 70% is used as an extractor. Medicinal raw materials are crushed to particles 1-3 mm in size, mixed in equal amounts, a weighed portion of the raw material is placed in a glass vessel, the calculated amount of ethyl alcohol at a concentration of 70% is added, it is kept for 7 days in a dark place at a temperature of 15-20 ° C. Then the alcohol tincture is filtered through a canvas or two layers of gauze, squeezing the raw materials, filtered.

Example: 500 g of medicinal raw material were placed in a glass jar (equal amounts from the herb and inflorescences of purple coneflower, coltsfoot, common harmonica grass and licorice roots), 5.0 L of ethyl alcohol at a concentration of 70% were added, put in a dark place and kept at a temperature of 15-20 ° C for 7 days, after which it was filtered through the canvas, squeezing the raw materials, and filtered.

For the prevention of gastrointestinal diseases of calves of viral and bacterial etiology against the background of passive immunization against coronaviruses, a therapeutic and prophylactic agent is used, which is an alcohol tincture from a crushed plant mixture of grass and purple echinacea, coltsfoot, common garmala grass and roots licorice, taken in equal amounts, and for passive immunization - blood serum of animals-convalescents containing specific antibodies to company-coronaviruses in titers of at least 1 : 128 and 1:64 respectively.

A method for the prevention of gastrointestinal diseases of calves with the use of a therapeutic and prophylactic agent, which is an alcohol tincture from a crushed plant mixture of grass and purple coneflowers, coltsfoot, common harmonica grass and licorice roots, taken in equal amounts, against a passive background immunization is as follows.

70% alcohol tincture from a crushed plant mixture of grass and purple Echinacea inflorescences, coltsfoot, common harmonica grass and licorice roots naked in the form of a 7-8% aqueous solution prepared in boiled chilled water, is used inside at a dose of 1, 0-1.5 ml / kg of live weight of the animal for 7-10 days with an interval of 24 hours in addition to subcutaneous injection of serum of animals of convalescents containing specific antibodies to the company-coronaviruses in titers of at least 1: 128 and 1: 64, respectively, at a dose of 20 ml for 10 days from the interval scrap in 48-72 hours.

The effectiveness of the method for the prevention of gastrointestinal diseases of calves with the use of a therapeutic and prophylactic agent, which is an alcohol tincture from a crushed plant mixture of grass and purple coneflowers, coltsfoot, common harmonica grass and licorice roots, taken in equal amounts, against the background passive immunization against company-coronaviruses was determined in scientific and industrial experiments in the conditions of farms, long-term unfavorable for diseases of young animals, due to the impact on the body viruses associations, pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microflora on the background of violations of the conditions of pregnant cows and calves. Virological and bacteriological studies have confirmed the etiological role of coronavirus companies, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Proteus and streptococci. Incidence - 85-90%, mortality - 25-27%. The disease was acute with a characteristic clinic: the general condition of the calves was depressed, the body temperature was within normal limits, in some it was lowered to 36 ° C, in patients there was no appetite or was sharply reduced, they reacted poorly to the environment, there was adynamia, muscle tremors, constant diarrhea, anus was open, and foul-smelling gray or gray-yellow color with an admixture of mucus, blood of feces spontaneously flowed out of it, the back of the body, perineum and tail were stained with feces, the nose mirror was dry, and a tail portion algid lower limbs, tactile sensitivity is lowered, the thread-like pulse, heart sounds dull, shortness of breath and palpitations, visible mucous membranes had a bluish color. Treatment was performed when the first clinical signs appeared.

The essence of the method is illustrated by examples.

Example 1. Prophylactic efficacy depending on the dose of a therapeutic agent in accordance with the invention was determined on clinically healthy calves of daily age with a live weight of 28-35 kg at birth, divided into 5 groups: 4 groups — experimental, 1 group — control. Calves of all groups were injected subcutaneously with blood serum of animals of convalescents containing specific antibodies to rota-coronaviruses in titers of at least 1: 128 and 1:64, respectively, at a dose of 20 ml for 10 days with an interval of 72 hours. The calves of the experimental groups additionally used the claimed agent inside as a 7% aqueous solution for 10 days with an interval of 24 hours in doses of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 ml / kg of animal weight. The results were taken into account according to the main clinical indicators (table 1). The research results (table 1) confirmed the validity of the proposed dosage - 1.0-1.5 ml / kg of live weight of the animal. As an optimal dose for use in veterinary practice, it is possible to recommend a dose of 1.5 ml / kg of live weight of the animal, providing maximum performance relative to the minimum boundary and control. Increasing the dose did not lead to an increase in clinical indicators relative to the optimal dose.

Table 1 The effectiveness of the 7-day prophylactic course, depending on the dose of the therapeutic agent Indicators Prevention Method Inside the tincture of grass and inflorescences of purple coneflower, coltsfoot, grass harmonica and licorice roots, taken in equal amounts, with an interval of 24 hours in a dose, ml / kg body weight Subcutaneous blood serum of animals of convalescents * at a dose of 20 ml for 10 days with an interval of 72 hours (control) n = 14 0.5 1,0 1,5 2.0 and subcutaneous blood serum of animals of convalescents * at a dose of 20 ml for 10 days with an interval of 72 hours n = 14 n = 14 n = 14 n = 14 Ill, goal. one one 0 0 2 Preventive efficacy,% 92.9 92.9 100.0 100.0 85.7 It’s a goal. one 0 0 0 one Preservation,% 95.8 100.0 100.0 100.0 93.8 The form of the disease,% light one one heavy one - - 2 Duration of treatment, days 4.0-4.5 3.5-4.0 4.0-5.0 * The blood serum of animals-convalescents contains specific antibodies to the company-coronaviruses in titers of not lower than 1:12 and 1:64, respectively

Example 2. The effectiveness of the method for the prevention of gastrointestinal diseases using the therapeutic agent in accordance with the invention, depending on the concentration, was determined on clinically healthy calves of daily age with a live weight of 30-35 kg at birth, divided into 3 groups: 2 groups — experimental, 1 group - control. Calves of all groups were injected subcutaneously with blood serum of animals of convalescents containing specific antibodies to rota-coronaviruses in titers of at least 1: 128 and 1:64, respectively, at a dose of 20 ml once a day with an interval of 48 hours for 10 days. The calves of the experimental groups additionally within 7 days with an interval of 24 hours were prescribed inside therapeutic and prophylactic agent in accordance with the invention in the form of 7 and 8% aqueous solution at a dose of 1.5 ml / kg of animal body weight. The results are presented in table 2.

table 2 The effectiveness of therapeutic and prophylactic effects in gastrointestinal diseases of calves, depending on the concentration of the therapeutic agent Indicators The method of preventive treatment Inside is a tincture of grass and inflorescences of purple coneflower, coltsfoot, common harmonica grass and licorice roots, taken in equal amounts in the form of an aqueous concentration solution Blood serum of animals-convalescents * (control) 7% 8% and subcutaneous blood serum of animals-convalescents * n = 46 n = 45 n = 42 Ill, goal. 2 2 8 Preventive efficacy,% 95.6 95.6 81.0 Form of the disease - light one 2 3 - heavy one - 5 Recover, goal. 2 2 6 Therapeutic efficacy,% 100.0 100.0 75.0 It’s a goal. 2 Preservation,% 100.0 100.0 95.2 Duration of the disease, days 3.5-4.0 3.5-4.0 5.0-5.5 * The blood serum of animals-convalescents contains specific antibodies to the company-coronaviruses in titers of at least 1: 128 and 1:64, respectively

Example 3. The effectiveness of the prevention of gastrointestinal diseases with the use of a therapeutic and prophylactic agent in accordance with the invention in comparison with known methods was determined on clinically healthy calves 1-3 days old weighing 30-35 kg, divided into 4 groups. Calves of all groups were injected subcutaneously with blood serum of animals of convalescents containing specific antibodies to rota-coronaviruses in titers of at least 1: 128 and 1:64, respectively, at a dose of 20 ml once a day with an interval of 48 hours for 10 days and additionally used inside: group 1 - a therapeutic and prophylactic agent in accordance with the invention in the form of a 7% aqueous solution at a dose of 1.5 ml / kg of animal body weight for 7 days with an interval of 24 hours; 2nd group - an aqueous extract from perforated St. John's wort grass, creeping thyme, peppermint and coltsfoot, taken in equal amounts, at a dose of 100 ml per reception for 5 days; Group 3 - pectosorbin in accordance with the instructions for its use. In the control group, no additional drugs were used. The calves were weighed at birth and at the age of one month. The results were taken into account according to the main clinical indicators (table 3). It was found that the prophylaxis method using the therapeutic agent in accordance with the invention provided an improvement in all the main clinical indicators in comparison with other methods. So, not only the number of sick animals was reduced, but the severity of the disease was also weakened. In the 1st group, 1 calf fell ill (2nd and 3rd groups - 4th, 5th group - 6), and they were ill in a milder form (depression, decreased appetite, increased intestinal motility, feces liquid, beige, frequency defecation 5-7 times a day), on the 3rd day of treatment, an ill calf of the 1st group showed an improvement in general condition (appetite returned to normal, feces acquired a more dense consistency, the frequency of bowel movements decreased to 4 times a day. In other groups a severe course of the disease was noted (group 2 - in 1 calf, group 3 - in 2 calves, group 4 - in 4 calves): total the calves were in a depressed state, the patients had no appetite, they reacted poorly to the environment, there was adynamia, muscle tremors, constant diarrhea, the anus was open and fetid gray or gray-yellow color mixed with fecal mucus was spontaneously flowed out, the back of the body , perineum and tail are stained with feces, breathing is difficult and quickened.In group 2, all calves were on day 3.5, in group 3 - on day 4, and in group 4 on day 6 of treatment improvement: appetite returned to normal, cal al more dense, the frequency of bowel movements - 5 times a day, and full clinical recovery occurred on the 4th, 4,5th and 8th day of treatment, respectively. The calves of the 1st group exceeded the calves of other groups in average daily weight gain.

Table 3 The effectiveness of prevention in gastrointestinal diseases of calves Indicators Prevention Method Subcutaneous injection of blood serum of convalescents containing specific antibodies to company-coronaviruses in titers of at least 1: 128 and 1:64, respectively Inside is a tincture of grass and inflorescences of purple coneflower, coltsfoot, common harmonica grass and licorice roots, taken in equal amounts An aqueous extract from the herb St. John's wort perforated, creeping thyme, peppermint and coltsfoot, taken in equal quantities Inside pectosorbine No drugs Number of animals, goal. 28 28 28 28 Ill, goal. one four four 6 Preventive efficacy,% 96.4 85.7 85.7 78.6 Form of the disease - light one 3 2 2 - heavy one 2 four Recover, goal. one 3 3 four Therapeutic efficacy,% 100.0 75.0 75.0 66.7 Duration of the disease, days 3.0 3.5-4.0 4.0-4.5 6.0-8.0 Fell or forcedly killed, goal. 0 one one 2 Preservation,% 100.0 96.4 96.4 92.9 The average daily weight gain, g 637.0 ± 93.0 612.0 ± 25.0 629.0 ± 27.00 468.0 ± 67.0

Our studies have shown that the therapeutic and prophylactic agent, which is an alcohol tincture from a crushed plant mixture of herbs and purple coneflowers, coltsfoot, common harmonica grass and licorice roots, taken in equal amounts, has a wide range of pharmacological effects, as well as antiviral and antimicrobial activity, which, based on the principle of synergism, provides a sufficient level of intensity of protective reactions in clinically healthy calves, which dissolved in improving the efficiency of preventive and reduction reactions in patients calves, reductions in terms of treatment and increasing cases perebolevaniya mild treatable. The tool is non-toxic, contains bioavailable useful biologically active substances, including, for example, essential oil, flavonoids, kartinoids, phytosterol, saponins, has ecological purity. The use of a therapeutic and prophylactic agent has a preventive focus and has a positive effect during the period of the disease.

Information sources

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2. Sat. Om.SHI. - Omsk, 1987.-S.81.

3. Quick reference veterinarian. / Altukhov N.M., Afanasyev V.I., Bashkirov B.A. and others. - M .: VO Agropromizdat, 1990. - P.368-369.

4. Chervyakov D.K. et al. Medicines in veterinary medicine. Directory. 2nd ed., Moscow: Kolos, 1977 - C.113-146.

5. Veterinary Medicine, 1999, No. 4, S.7-12.

6. RF patent No. 2150290, 2000.

Claims (2)

1. A therapeutic and prophylactic agent for young farm animals, which is an alcohol tincture of plant materials, characterized in that as a plant material a mixture of equal amounts of grass and Echinacea purpurea inflorescences, common harmonica grass, coltsfoot and licorice roots is used, vegetable raw materials are poured with ethyl alcohol of 70% concentration at a ratio of 1:10, kept in a dark place at a temperature of 15-20 ° C for 7 days, filtered, squeezing the raw materials, and filtered. 2. A method for the prevention of gastrointestinal diseases of calves, including passive immunization, characterized in that passive immunization is carried out by subcutaneous injection of blood serum of animals-convalescents containing specific antibodies to rotacoronaviruses in titers of at least 1: 128 and 1:64, respectively, at a dose of 20 ml for 10 days with an interval of 48-72 hours and additionally apply the therapeutic and prophylactic agent according to claim 1 in the form of an aqueous solution of 7-8% concentration in a dose of 1.0-1.5 ml / kg of live weight of the animal during 7-10 days with an interval of 24 hours