RU2381952C2 - Method to convert centrifugal force into driving force - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanics.

SUBSTANCE: proposed method comprises feeding fluid into dynamically and statically balanced hollow solid body, placed in atmosphere (air) with density considerably smaller than that of water, at the point of rotational axis, or at a distance from it. Said fluid is revolved together with said body to move, by centrifugal force, along preset trajectory limited by physical obstacles, from rotational axis towards hollow solid body outer side. Fluid pour-out direction is also limited by physical obstacles and directed towards rotational axis of working reactive body.

EFFECT: higher efficiency, simple method.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to vehicles, for example aircraft with vertical take-off and landing, and relates to the technology of designing engines and propulsors used on land, water, air, space and other vehicles.

A known method of creating traction, which consists in the fact that the chamber having one outlet into the environment is filled with fluid under pressure and a jet curtain is used from the fluid, which is formed by a nozzle connected to the outlet of the chamber, to the input of which the fluid is supplied from its source by applying fluid recirculation to the jet curtain. Patent RU (11) 2104188. A known method of creating a jet propulsion of a rocket engine, which consists in the fact that the engine chamber in communication with the nozzle is filled under pressure with water at a temperature exceeding the boiling point of water at normal atmospheric pressure, after filling the chamber, water is fed into the nozzle part of the chamber for the subsequent flow of the working fluid from the nozzle. Application RU (11) 96101208. A known method for producing traction by a vehicle propeller is that the inclined surfaces of the rotor blades create a main stream of mass of water or air swirling around the axis of rotation and displace it along the axis of rotation, allowing the vehicle to move in the opposite direction from the displacement of the main flow, characterized in that in that part of the mass of the main swirling flow, which is shifted radially from the axis of rotation due to centrifugal force, the directions are changed its movement through an angle between 45 and 135 ° and aligned with the direction of movement of the main stream along the axis of rotation of the screw. Application RU (11) 2002105078. An invention is known in which a screw (propeller) is made in the form of a flat plate with a multi-mesh lattice, each cell of the lattice being a through hole in a flat plate and mounted above it at an angle to the plane of rotation of the propeller plate-blade, bent around a radial line connecting the center of rotation of the propeller and the specified hole. Application RU (11) 92002532. A device is known which comprises two centrifugal pumps located at the stern of a vessel with water inlets and nozzle openings. Intake pipes are placed side by side. Part of the stern inner sheathing of the nozzle is made in the form of a convex surface of the wing, and the opposite part of the nose sheathing of the nozzle is parallel to the chord of the wing and has an artificial roughness. Patent RU (11) 2219100.

However, none of the above methods can be a prototype of the proposed method for converting centrifugal force to traction, since they all differ significantly from it in essential features. In addition, the method according to patent RU (11) 2104188 has low energy efficiency. The method according to the application. The application RU (11) 96101208 is complicated in technical execution and has a low efficiency. The method according to the application RU (11) 2002105078 involves the irrational use of the kinetic energy of water or air and significant energy costs to overcome the viscosity when working in water. In addition, the last three listed inventions are applicable only in homogeneous environments.

The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of using centrifugal force. The purpose of the invention is achieved through the use of centrifugal force arising in a solid when it rotates in a loose medium, for example in the atmosphere, while the action of centrifugal force occurs on a more dense fluid medium, such as water. This is achieved by the fact that the internal structure of a solid rotating body allows water to move freely under the action of centrifugal force in the direction from the axis of rotation to the outer sides of this body. The structure of a solid rotating body is designed so that it is possible to pour water into it near its axis of rotation. Water that has accelerated and gained speed when moving from the axis of rotation to the outer sides of a solid rotating body has the ability to pour out of it. The direction of the pouring water by the structure of a solid rotating body is changed and directed along the axis of rotation.

1. The rotation of a solid in the atmosphere with equal energy costs makes it possible to achieve a greater angular velocity than when rotating the same body in water, since the density of air in the atmosphere is much lower than the density of water.

2. The use of water as a working fluid, which is subjected to centrifugal force, makes it possible to achieve a higher momentum when water flows out of a rotating body than when using air, since the density of water is much higher than the density of air.

The essence of the method of converting centrifugal force to traction is to expose the water inside a solid hollow body to the centrifugal force that occurs when this solid rotates with water in an environment that has a much lower density than water, for example in the atmosphere (air) . Moreover, the rotation of a solid in the atmosphere can be carried out at significantly higher speeds and at much lower energy costs than in water. As a result, a large emerging centrifugal force corresponding to the product of the square of the angular velocity and the radius of the circumscribed circle will act on the water inside the solid and rotating with it in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation. When physically restricting the possibility of water movement (due to the internal structure of a rotating solid, for example, the internal structure of the body is a radial tube made of a solid (metal), which are located in the direction from the axis of rotation along the radius, have a small internal section equal to the entire length, and the space increasing between them with increasing distance from the axis of rotation eliminates the possibility of water ingress) and the direction of movement of water in the rotating solid in the direction from the axis of rotation to the outer side of a rotating solid, water, under the action of acceleration, will acquire a speed directed from the axis of rotation to the outer side of the rotating solid. When water flows along a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation, the influence of traction forces on a rotating solid does not occur. Water under the action of acceleration, during the movement along a given physically limited path, will reach a certain speed equal to the product of acceleration by time. If, using a physical barrier (for example, by bending the outer ends of the radial tubes), the direction of movement of the flowing water is changed as it approaches the outside of the rotating solid and directed along the axis of rotation with the possibility of flowing out of the rotating solid, then water with the obtained acceleration and acquired a rotating solid will leave speed, and a solid rotating body will receive acceleration according to the law of conservation of momenta.

The proposed method is considered as an example of creating traction necessary to lift a vertically take-off vehicle (Fig. 1). This device has two working disks 2 of different diameters (the upper one is larger than the lower one) with the possibility of rotation in opposite directions. In the central part, the disks have vertical channels (hollow pipe) 3, to the input of which water pipes from the tanks 1 are connected. Engines 4 with a rotation drive 5 of each disk. Inside each disk there are water channels 6, pairwise symmetrical with respect to the axis of rotation, which have a direction from the axis of rotation to the outer side of the disks, and the outlet 7 of each channel is directed along the axis of rotation. The described method is implemented as follows. Both drives are driven by the engine drive to the calculated angular velocities in opposite directions in order to compensate for the rotational forces acting on the support of the rotation axis 8. The water from the tank (from the top by gravity, from the bottom by lowering the air pressure) is fed into the two disks through the feed pipe when rotating the lower disk). Once in the center of the rotating discs, the water begins to rotate together with the discs and enters the inlet channels. Under the action of centrifugal force, water acquires acceleration and speed, directed from the axis of rotation to the edges of the disks. Flowing along the rounded part of the disk channels, the water movement changes direction by 90 degrees, practically without changing its numerical value of speed, since water has a small compression ratio (for water K = 0.000046). Water flowing out of the channels of the disks has an impulse equal to the product of its mass and speed. According to the law of conservation of impulses, a vertically take-off vehicle will also receive an impulse directed in the opposite direction. In this case, the ratio of the outflow rates of water and the vertically take-off apparatus will be inversely proportional to their masses, at each moment of time. The result of the described process is a jet movement similar to the movement of a rocket ejecting a jet stream of combustible fuel. The difference of the proposed method is to use instead of a jet stream of combustible fuel rockets of another working fluid, namely water or another liquid. The use of water as a working reactive fluid allows, due to its inherent properties: a small compression ratio, a liquid state, a density of about 1 g / cm3, pressure transfer uniformly in all directions - to obtain continuous acceleration. Another difference of the proposed method is to accelerate the working jet to a speed that can give the necessary impulse and, accordingly, traction due to the use of centrifugal force arising from the rotation of the bodies. At the same time, due to the above properties of water, when changing the direction of its outflow, only the direction of the velocity vector of the working fluid changes, and the numerical value of the velocity changes insignificantly and can be approximately considered constant until the direction of movement changes and then until it flows out.

Additionally, the proposed method can be considered by the example of using the watercraft in the propulsion jet engine shown in Fig. 2, where 7 is the outlet of the water channel, 6 is the water channel, 2 is the rotating working disk, 8 is the support for mounting the axis of rotation, 3 is the axis of rotation (hollow pipe), 4 - engine, 5 - rotation drive, 1 - water tank, 9 - water intake.

An approximate mathematical description of the method of converting centrifugal force to traction can be described by the Tsiolkovsky formula:

для любого момента времени при известном секундном расходе воды

где

- секундный расход воды на i-ом шаге, m_i - конечная масса, m_о - начальная масса).It allows you to determine the speed when flying in ideal conditions, when there are no external forces

for any moment of time at a known second flow rate of water

Where

- second water flow rate at the i-th step, m _i - final mass, m _о - initial mass).

The flow rate of water W can be determined by the formula

where = ω is the angular velocity of rotation, r is the radius to the outflow point.

For a detailed mathematical description of the method, it is necessary to take into account friction forces, air resistance, expansion coefficients for various physical bodies, etc. In addition, the gyroscopic properties of a rapidly rotating body, the precession of a rotating heavy solid, will affect the nature of the movement. The main quantitative characteristic of a rotating solid is the angular momentum or angular momentum:

H = CW,

where C is the moment of inertia about the axis of proper rotation, W is the component of the absolute angular velocity vector directed along the axis of proper rotation. The precession described by the vector equation, w _i H = M.

Here w is the vector of the angular velocity of the precession, H is the vector of the intrinsic kinetic moment, M is the orthogonal component of the moment vector of external forces applied to the rotating solid to H.

The nature of the flow of water in the channels (tubes) of a rotating solid, which can be established using a dimensionless quantity — the Reynolds number: Re = ρ · v _cp · r / µ, where ρ is the liquid density and v _cp is the average (over cross-section of the channel) flow velocity, µ is the coefficient of viscosity of the fluid, r is the characteristic geometric size, in particular the radius of the cross-section of the channel. The Reynolds number characterizes the ratio of inertia forces and viscosity forces. The flowing fluid can be considered inviscid if the Reynolds number for such a flow is Re> 1.

Claims (3)

1. A method of converting centrifugal force to traction, characterized in that it is dynamically and statically balanced with respect to the axis of rotation of a hollow solid located in an environment having a much lower density than water in the atmosphere (air) at the point of passage of the axis of rotation or at a distance from it, a fluid enters, which rotates with it during rotation of a hollow solid and, under the action of centrifugal force, can move along a predetermined path limited by physical obstacles, direction from the axis of rotation to the outer side of the hollow solid rotating body, and the direction of flow of fluid from the hollow solid rotating body is limited by physical obstacles and is directed to the side along the axis of rotation. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that water enters the hollow solid. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the rotation of the hollow solid is carried out at significantly higher speeds than in water.

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