RU2454353C2 - Device to convert centrifugal force into thrust - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to VTOL aircraft. Proposed device comprises two working different-diameter disks revolving in opposite directions that, top disk having larger sizes than bottom one. Vertical channels made up of hollow tubes are arranged at disk center. Tubes feeding water from tanks are connected to inlets of aforesaid hollow tubes. Every disk is equipped with its drive motor. Water channels are made inside every disk symmetric in pairs with rotational axis and directed from said axis to disk outer edges while channel outlet is directed along rotational axis.

EFFECT: simplified design.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to vehicles, for example aircraft with vertical take-off and landing, and relates to the technology of designing engines and propulsors used on land, water, air, space and other vehicles.

A known method and device for creating traction, which consists in the fact that the chamber having one outlet into the environment is filled with fluid under pressure and a jet curtain is used from the fluid, which is formed by a nozzle connected to the outlet of the chamber, to the entrance of which is fluid the medium is supplied from its source, using recirculation of the fluid of the jet curtain (patent RU No. 2104188). A known method and device for creating jet propulsion of a rocket engine, which consists in the fact that the engine chamber in communication with the nozzle is filled under pressure with water at a temperature higher than the boiling point of water at normal atmospheric pressure, after filling the chamber, water is supplied to the nozzle part of the chamber for subsequent the expiration of the working fluid from the nozzle (application RU 96101208.)

 A known method and device for producing traction by a screw propeller of a vehicle, which consists in the fact that the inclined surfaces of the rotor blades create a main stream of water or air mass swirling around the axis of rotation and displace it along the axis of rotation, allowing the vehicle to move in the opposite direction from the displacement of the main stream, characterized in that in that part of the mass of the main swirling flow, which is shifted radially from the axis of rotation due to centrifugal force, change its direction movement at an angle of 45 to 135 ° and combine with the direction of movement of the main stream along the axis of rotation of the screw (application RU 2002105078).

The invention is known in which the screw (propeller) is made in the form of a flat plate with a multi-cell grate, each cell of the grating is a through hole in the flat plate and a blade-blade, bent around an axis of rotation of the propeller, bent around a radial line connecting the center the rotation of the propeller and the specified hole (application RU 92002532).

A device is known which comprises two centrifugal pumps located at the stern of the vessel with water inlets and nozzle openings. Intake pipes are placed side by side. Part of the aft inner sheathing of the nozzle is made in the form of a convex surface of the wing, and the opposite part of the nose sheathing of the nozzle is parallel to the chord of the wing and has artificial roughness (patent RU No. 2219100).

A device is known - a jet propulsion device for ships, characterized by the use of a rotating cylinder connected to the working shaft through it with the help of blades of baffles and equipped with a conical nozzle at the suction hole, supplying water through an annular channel formed by the propeller shaft and the inner cylindrical wall of the nozzle, and at the injection holes equipped with a washer covering the central part of this hole and dressed on a shaft (USSR patent No. 5566).

USSR patent No. 5566 may be the prototype of the proposed method for converting centrifugal force into traction, as it uses the same method of converting centrifugal force into traction, but differs significantly from it in essential features. The method according to patent RU No. 2104188 has low energy efficiency. The method according to the application RU 96101208 is complicated in technical execution and has a low efficiency. The method according to the application RU 2002105078 involves the irrational use of the kinetic energy of water or air and significant energy costs to overcome the viscosity when working in water. In addition, the prototype and the last three listed inventions are applicable only in homogeneous environments.

The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of using centrifugal force. The purpose of the invention is achieved through the use of centrifugal force arising in a solid when it rotates in a loose medium, for example in the atmosphere, while the action of centrifugal force occurs on a more dense fluid medium, such as water. This is achieved by the fact that the internal structure of a solid rotating body allows water to move freely under the action of centrifugal force in the direction from the axis of rotation to the outer sides of this body. The structure of a solid rotating body is designed so that it is possible to pour water into it near its axis of rotation. Water that has accelerated and gained speed when moving from the axis of rotation to the outer sides of a solid rotating body has the ability to pour out of it. The direction of the pouring water by the structure of a solid rotating body is changed and directed along the axis of rotation:

1. The rotation of a solid in the atmosphere at equal energy costs makes it possible to achieve a greater angular velocity than when rotating the same body in water, since the density of air in the atmosphere is much lower than the density of water.

2. The use of water as a working fluid, which is subjected to centrifugal force, makes it possible to achieve a higher momentum when water flows out of a rotating body than when using air, since the density of water is much higher than the density of air.

The essence of the device for converting centrifugal force to thrust is to expose the water inside the solid hollow body to the centrifugal force that arises when this solid rotates with water in an environment that has a much lower density than water, for example, in the atmosphere (air). Moreover, the rotation of a solid in the atmosphere can be carried out at significantly higher speeds and at much lower energy costs than in water. As a result, a large emerging centrifugal force corresponding to the product of the square of the angular velocity and the radius of the circumscribed circle will act on the water inside the solid and rotating with it in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation. When physically restricting the possibility of water movement (due to the internal structure of a rotating solid, for example, the internal structure of the body is a radial tube made of a solid (metal), which are located in the direction from the axis of rotation along the radius, have a small internal section equal to the entire length, and the space that increases between them with increasing distance from the axis of rotation eliminates the possibility of water) in the direction of movement of water in the rotating solid in the direction from the axis of rotation I’m towards the outside of a rotating solid, water, under the action of acceleration, will acquire a speed directed from the axis of rotation to the outside of the rotating solid. When water flows along a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation, the influence of traction forces on a rotating solid does not occur. Water under the action of acceleration during the movement along a given physically limited path will reach a certain speed equal to the product of acceleration by time. If, with the help of a physical barrier (for example, by bending the outer ends of the radial tubes), the direction of movement of the flowing water is changed, when it approaches the outside of the rotating solid and directed along the axis of rotation with the possibility of flowing out of the rotating solid, then water with the obtained acceleration and the rotating solid will leave the acquired speed, and the solid rotating body will receive acceleration according to the law of conservation of momenta.

A device for converting centrifugal force to traction can be a vertically take-off apparatus (Figure 1). This device has two working disks 2 of different diameters (the upper one is larger than the lower one) with the possibility of rotation in opposite directions. In the central part, the disks have vertical channels (hollow pipe) 3, to the input of which water pipes from the tanks 1 are connected. Engines 4 with a rotation drive 5 of each disk. Inside each disk there are water channels 6, pairwise symmetrical with respect to the axis of rotation, which have a direction from the axis of rotation to the outer side of the disks, and the outlet 7 of each channel is directed along the axis of rotation. The described device operates as follows: with the drive of the engines, both disks are set in motion to the calculated angular velocities in opposite directions in order to compensate for the rotational forces acting on the support of the axis of rotation 8. Through the feed pipe, water flows from the tank (from the top by gravity, from lower due to lower air pressure during rotation of the lower disk). Once in the center of the rotating discs, the water begins to rotate with the discs and enters the inlet channels. Under the action of centrifugal force, water acquires acceleration and speed, directed from the axis of rotation to the edges of the disks. Flowing along the rounded part of the disk channels, the water movement changes direction by 90 degrees, practically without changing its numerical value of speed, since water has a small compression ratio (for water K = 0.000046). Water flowing from the channels of the disks has an impulse equal to the product of its mass and speed. According to the law of conservation of impulses, a vertically take-off vehicle will also receive an impulse directed in the opposite direction. In this case, the ratio of the rates of water leakage and the vertically take-off apparatus will be inversely proportional to their masses, at each moment of time. The result of the described process is a jet movement similar to the movement of a rocket ejecting a jet stream of combustible fuel. The difference of the proposed device is to use instead of a jet of burning fuel rockets of another working fluid, namely water or another liquid. The use of water as a working fluid allows, due to its inherent properties: a small compression ratio, a liquid state, a density of about 1 g / cm ³ , pressure transfer uniformly in all directions, to obtain continuous acceleration. Another difference of the proposed method is to accelerate the working jet to a speed that can give the necessary impulse and, accordingly, traction due to the use of centrifugal force arising from the rotation of the bodies. At the same time, due to the above-mentioned properties of water, when the direction of its outflow to the outside changes, only the direction of the velocity vector of the working fluid changes, and the numerical value of the velocity changes insignificantly and can be approximately considered constant until the direction of movement changes and after, until it flows out.

Additionally, the proposed device for converting centrifugal force to traction can be used in a propulsion jet installation of a craft, see figure 2, where 7 is the outlet of the water channel, 6 is the water channel, 2 is a rotating working disk, 8 is a support for mounting the axis of rotation , 3 - axis of rotation (hollow pipe), 4 - engine, 5 - rotation drive, 1 - water tank, 9 - water intake.

An approximate mathematical description of a device for converting centrifugal force to traction can be described by the Tsiolkovsky formula

, где

- секундный расход воды на i-том шаге), m_k - конечная масса, m_o - начальная масса. Скорость вытекания воды W можно определить по формулеIt allows you to determine the speed during flight under ideal conditions, when there are no external forces ΣP = 0, for any moment in time at a known second flow rate of water

where

is the second water flow rate at the i-th step), m _k is the final mass, m _o is the initial mass. The flow rate of water W can be determined by the formula

W = ω × r,

where ω is the angular velocity of rotation, r is the radius to the outflow point.

For a detailed mathematical description of the device, it is necessary to take into account friction forces, air resistance, expansion coefficients for various physical bodies, etc. In addition, the gyroscopic properties of a rapidly rotating body, the precession of a rotating heavy solid, will affect the nature of the movement.

The main quantitative characteristic of a rotating solid is the angular momentum or angular momentum

H = CW,

where C is the moment of inertia relative to the axis of proper rotation, W is the component of the absolute angular velocity vector directed along the axis of proper rotation.

The precession described by the vector equation, wiH = M,

here w is the angular velocity vector of the precession, H is the vector of the intrinsic kinetic moment, M is the component of the angular momentum vector of external forces applied to the rotating solid body, orthogonal to H.

The nature of the flow of water in the channels (tubes) of a rotating solid, which can be established using a dimensionless quantity — the Reynolds number: Re = ρ · v _cp · r / µ, where ρ is the liquid density and v _cp is the average (over cross-section of the channel) flow velocity, µ is the coefficient of viscosity of the liquid, r is the characteristic geometric size, in particular, the radius of the cross-section of the channel. The Reynolds number characterizes the ratio of inertia forces and viscosity forces. The flowing fluid can be considered inviscid if the Reynolds number for such a flow is Re> 1.

Claims (1)

A device for converting centrifugal force into traction force for lifting a vertically take-off device, containing two working disks of different diameters, the upper one is larger than the lower one, with the possibility of rotation in opposite directions, while in the central part the disks have vertical channels - hollow pipes, to the input of which are connected pipes for supplying water from tanks, engines with a drive for rotating each disk, while inside each disk there are water channels pairwise symmetrical with respect to the axis of rotation, which have a direction from the axis rotation to the outside of the discs, and the outlet of each channel is directed along the axis of rotation.

Images