RU2310580C2 - Propeller "ustyug" - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: air and water transport; manufacture of propellers for transport facilities moving in solid fluid media.

SUBSTANCE: proposed propeller has rotor with mechanical drive and "n" similar blades secured on load-bearing structure of rotor by means of their axles perpendicularly and symmetrically relative to plane of rotation and at the same distance from their common axis of rotation in such way that points of their attachment are just vertices of regular n-gon. Each blade is made in form of flat or three-dimensional flexible body elastic in lateral direction and hydro- or aerodynamically-streamlined; this blade is rigidly secured on its pivot axle. Fitted on axles which are freely rotatable are similar sprockets arranged in single system by means of chain drive gearing; blade bodies (when not in operation) always lie in parallel planes irrespective of angle of turn of rotor. Rotor is made in form of drum for double-sided gripping of blade pivot axles or it may be flat for single-sided gripping of blade pivot axle; it is fitted on its axle for free rotation; drive sprocket fitted on the same axle is connected with similar driven sprocket fitted on one of "n" blade pivot axles through chain drive gearing. Blades for drum-type rotor are rectangular in shape.

EFFECT: enhanced efficiency of conversion of rotary motion energy of propeller into translational motion of aircraft or ship.

2 cl, 11 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to means for generating traction used to drive vehicles in continuous fluids.

State of the art

It is known (L. Prandtl. Hydroaeromechanics. Research Center "Regular and chaotic dynamics" Moscow-Izhevsk, 2002, 572 pages) device Voith-Schneider propeller (Voith-Schneider), used for such ships, which should have particularly good maneuverability. Traction force occurs when the propeller blades are vertically submerged in water. In this case, the longitudinal axis of the blades are symmetrically located and fixed on the supporting structure, which carries out the forced rotational movement of the axes with a constant angular velocity. As a result, with this movement, the paddles immersed in water carry out a stroke similar to the paddle stroke. This is facilitated by a design that defines a variable (from positive to negative) angle of attack of the wing with respect to the tangent to the circular path of motion of the axes of the blades. This design property allows you to control the direction of the thrust vector of the device by shifting the control point of the angles of attack of the blades from the center, i.e. from the axis of rotation of the supporting structure. To reduce the hydrodynamic resistance to the movement of the blades in water, the profile of the blades is selected hydrodynamically streamlined.

The disadvantages of the known device are

- low-efficient stroke method of creating traction;

- a decrease in the “stroke” efficiency due to the regular variability of the azimuthal direction of the thrust vector near its middle direction;

- losses in efficiency due to excessive turbulization of water up to its foaming;

- a rigid body shape of the blade, excluding the resource of reducing their hydrodynamic resistance.

Known (Chul Yong Yun, Illkyung Park, But Yong Lee, Jai Sang Jung, In Seong Hwang, Seung Jo Kim and Sung Nam Jung, "A New VTOL UAV Cyclocopter with Cycloidal Blades System", AHS 60th Annual Forum and Technology Display, June 7-10, 2004, Baltimore, MD; http://ksea.org/ukc2004/en/Proceedings/01 AST / AST25_SeungJoKim.pdf.) Cycloidal blade system for cyclocopter. Such a system is similar to the Woiss-Schneider propeller, only the rotation of the blades is carried out around an axis located not vertically, but horizontally. In addition, the system is applied in the atmosphere.

The disadvantages of the known device are

- low-efficient stroke method of creating traction;

- a decrease in the “stroke” efficiency due to the regular variability of the azimuthal direction of the thrust vector near its middle direction;

- Losses in efficiency due to excessive turbulization of the atmosphere;

- a rigid body shape of the blade, excluding the resource of reducing their aerodynamic drag.

Closest to the proposed technical solution is our "Method and device for moving a flooded body" (patent No. 2259302 RU), in which a flat or volume hydrodynamically streamlined flexible elastic body located in a fluid in a direction transverse to the profile surface in a certain area force is applied. This leads to the appearance of a thrust force in the body in the forward direction, transverse to the direction of the applied force, and such a change in shape that has minimal resistance when it moves in a fluid.

The known solution allows expansion - a variant of its applicability - as a blade of a cycloidal propeller.

The purpose of the proposed solution is to develop a device whose rotational energy is effectively converted by propeller-blades into the translational energy of a vessel or apparatus carrying this device, devoid of the above disadvantages of known technical solutions.

The goal is achieved by using as a separate blade a device of a flat or volume hydro- or aerodynamically streamlined flexible elastic body in the transverse direction, rigidly fixed on its own axis of rotation, dividing the body into a narrow "nose" and wide "tail" parts, and at rest, the blades are identical with respect to the parallel spatial transfer, and on the axes themselves, fixed in the rotor with the possibility of free rotation, the same sprockets are mounted, connected by a chain transmission in one system in which the bodies of the blades in the inoperative state of the device are always located in parallel planes regardless of the angle of rotation of the rotor, while the rotor can be either a drum type for two-sided capture, and a plane for one-sided capture of the axis of rotation of the blades, having the shape of a rectangle for drum or in the form of a bird feather for a planar rotor, mounted with the possibility of free rotation on its own axis, on which a drive sprocket is mounted, connected by a chain transmission with a similar driven star point mounted on one of the n axes of rotation of the blades, resulting in a rotation by an arbitrary angle of the axis of rotation of the rotor relative to the hull of the vessel or apparatus carrying the entire device, at the same angle changes the spatial orientation of the entire group of blades, and the rotor is rotationally driven mechanically, electromechanical or other kind of drive.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A. When developing the "Method and device for moving a flooded body" (patent No. 2259302 RU), we obtained that when exposed in the transverse direction to a flat or volume hydrodynamically streamlined flexible elastic body such as a wing located in a fluid, in a certain area of it leads to the occurrence of a traction force, forcing the body to move forward in a direction transverse to the acting force.

Let us explain this.

First of all, special attention requires the question of determining the area of application of external force to the mover.

Consider (figure 1) a body under the influence of an external force. For definiteness, let it be a flat rectangular plate with dimensions lxk, where l is transverse, ak is its longitudinal dimensions, with l <k. We will consider the plate in the XOY plane of a rectangular coordinate system formed by the X, Y, and Z axes. In the longitudinal direction, the plate is directed parallel to the Z axis coming from the sheet. As a result, on the XOY plane, the projection of the plate will look like a straight line segment AB of length l. The origin, the point O, we choose so that it coincides with the point of choice of traction, with the initial length ρ _about . We direct the OX axis vertically down so that the straight line connecting the O point to the plate coincides with the OX axis. We direct the OY axis towards the arising translational motion of the plate so that the trajectory of motion, like a plane curve, will be located in the XOY plane. We denote by the point C the geometric center of the segment AB, which in our case is simultaneously the center of mass of this segment. Point O 'denote the capture point by the thrust (cable) of the plate on the segment AB.

There are two extreme situations: the first is when the rod captures the plate at a point corresponding to the maximum mid-section, i.e. at the point C, where the offset CO '= (the capture point of the plate by the thrust is δ = 0. In this case, the external force applied to the plate will generate the maximum oppositely directed reaction force of the medium. This leads to maximum losses in connection with the completion of work the reaction force, and the thrust force does not occur. The efficiency of work in this case is low. The second situation is when the thrust captures the plate at a point located in the middle of the front line of the plate. On the XOY plane, this position corresponds to corresponds to point A of the segment AB, where δ = l / 2. In this case, the traction tension force, external force, is minimal. When removing the plate from a horizontal position, first of all, the plate is rotated to a position close to vertical. That is, the effectiveness of the application of force is also low in this case, it should be expected that between the two extreme cases, when δ = 0 and δ = l / 2, there should be a point where the capture of the plate at which will contribute to maximum efficiency due to the occurrence of traction as a result of two n inevitably existing elementary forces - foreign forces and the forces of reaction medium.

The effectiveness of the external force will be evaluated by the maximum of the emerging thrust force depending on parameter 5. Physically, this should look so that when an external force is applied to the propulsion, a reaction force of the medium arises. The vectors of these forces add up and give the vector of the resulting force, leading to the translational movement of the plate along a curved path.

Let us estimate the distance δ at which the capture point of the external draft of the plate should be located with respect to the geometric center of this plate.

Figure 2, a shows:

XOY - the initial rectangular coordinate system, point O - the point of choice of traction, for example, a cable;

X``O''Y '' is the coordinate system associated with the instantaneous axis of rotation passing through the origin of coordinates O ''. Let the position of the body in space be characterized by some point of this body, for example, as in our case, the point of its capture. Then, the introduction of the coordinate system X''O''Y '' is due to the fact that with curvilinear motion of the body there is an axis that is at rest at the moment of motion considered, i.e. the body at this moment, as it were, rotates around this axis passing through point O ''. Such an axis can, as in our case, be located outside the body. And the resulting curvilinear trajectory of the body will be a set of points sequentially formed by a set of positions in the space of the capture point.

ρ is the instantaneous cable length;

ρ 'is the distance of the plate grabbing point to the instantaneous axis of rotation O' ';

F is the vector of the applied traction force of the cable (hereinafter in bold letters vector quantities will be indicated);

N is the vector of the reaction force of the medium;

Figure 2, b shows:

AB = l is the width of the plate;

l ₁ - shoulder strength f ₁ ;

f ₁ is the force vector specifying the rotation of the plate around the point O 'associated with the capture of the plate by a cable;

C is the center of mass of the plate and at the same time its geometric center;

О'С = δ is the distance of the displacement of the capture point of the plate from the center of mass C;

F _n = F • Cosα - N ' is the resulting normal component of the force acting on the plate from the side of the cable;

F _τ is the tangential component of the force acting on the plate from the side of the cable;

F '= F _n + F _τ is the resulting force that forces the body to move forward along a curved path different from the circle;

β is the angle between the instantaneous direction of movement of the plate and the Y axis;

γ is the instantaneous value of the angle of rotation of the instantaneous radius ρ 'with respect to the axis O``X' ';

φ is the angle of deviation of the cable from the vertical axis X;

α is the angle between the cable and the instantaneous radius vector ρ '.

The moment M ₁ (hereinafter referred to as the nonfat letters the modules of the corresponding vectors) of the force F _τ applied to the plate and having the shoulder ρ 'is determined by the product of the force by the shoulder. The same moment of force is determined by the moment of inertia J _O "of the system and the acquired angular acceleration d ² γ / dt ^2. Then the equality

(N.I. Karyakin, K.N. Bystrov, P.S. Kireev. A brief guide to physics. "Higher School". M., 1962).

Another moment M _{2 of} force f ₁ acting on the plate with a shoulder l ₁ , and in this case the moment of inertia - J _o 'and angular acceleration - d ² γ / dt ² , is determined by the equality

Consider the case of equal angles γ = β and the corresponding angular accelerations d ² γ / dt ² = d ² β / dt ²

The case γ <β corresponds to the fact that d ² γ / dt ² <d ² β / dt ² , i.e. in accordance with the geometry of Fig. 2 a, b, the plate under the action of the cable will turn clockwise. In this case, the plate will acquire a translational movement back. The case γ> β corresponds to the fact that d ² γ / dt ² > d ² β / dt ² , i.e. the plate under the action of the cable will turn counterclockwise. But at the same time, according to the geometry of FIG. 2 a, b, the reaction force of the medium N will decrease. As a result, the force F becomes simply the force pulling the body along, but not the force that acts in the transverse to the translational direction movement of the flooded body.

Then the equality

Insofar as

(m is the effective uniformly distributed mass of the plate, including the attached mass [L.D. Landau, E.M. Lifshits. Hydrodynamics. "Science". 1988]),

then from (3), taking into account (4), (5) and (6), it follows

Denoting the entire set of factors independent of ** by the letter K equal to

we rewrite equality (7) in the form

Then the first derivative F _τ 'of the function F _{τ with} respect to δ can be written in the form

If the first derivative F _τ '= 0 determines zero, then the value of δ at which the function F _τ has an extremum (I. N. Bronstein, K. A. Semendyaev. Handbook of Mathematics. "Science". 1964). Omitting the obvious intermediate expressions and transformations, we write

And since the second derivative F _τ "is less than zero

then the obtained value of δ determines the maximum of the function F _τ from δ. If we take into account that the traction force F _τ = F · Sinα, then it turns out that for

δ / l = 0.2887 (13)

a flooded body acquires maximum tangential acceleration for a given applied force F and grows with increasing angle α in proportion to Sinα.

The same angle α defines the angle between the force vector N of the reaction of the medium acting on the plate and the straight line along which the force F applied to the plate acts. It follows that the elasticity and flexibility of the plate during operation must specify a value of the angle α for the chord, which corresponds to the condition for the occurrence of maximum thrust.

Thus, it turns out that the placement of the capture point of the plate in accordance with the condition δ = 0.2887 · l allows you to achieve optimal conditions for the movement of the plate under the action of the resulting two forces - the traction force of the cable and the reaction force of the medium. In this case, the translational motion of the body is energetically optimal, if only because the movement of the plate is carried out in accordance with those conditions that lead to a minimum of energy losses of the moving body. That is, having at its disposal equipment that allows you to develop traction force F, you should determine the point of capture of the plate on the basis of the obtained condition. Then the resulting plate moving speed will be maximum, and the corresponding energy costs for overcoming the medium resistance forces will be minimal.

It is necessary to pay attention to the fact that the point characterized by the condition δ = 0.2887 · l is close to the region of the so-called focus of the wing profile, which is determined from other considerations. This concept is used in aircraft construction (AERODYNAMICS. A.M. Mkhitaryan. Mechanical engineering. M., 1976. 448 pp.) When choosing the optimal wing shape for the purpose, in particular, of determining such a wing profile in which the wing will have maximum lift when its best quality. At the same time, the wing of the aircraft is rigid, not flexible, which affects the efficiency of the wing, depriving it of versatility.

In the course of the experiments, we found that a flexible elastic body, trapped and under the influence of an external transverse force, has the best dynamic indicators - maximum traction and minimum energy loss at a given value of the acting force.

B. Our further research was to apply the result of point A in a variant of not one-sided but alternating action on the body in order to create a traction force that forces the body to move not along a curved path with a monotonous change in direction of motion, but on average translationally in one direct direction of movement.

Let (Fig. 3) the plate be fixed by a thrust in the form of not a cable, but a rod moving along the axis OX, through which the plate is exposed. Let also the rod be deprived of the possibility of rotation at the point O of the XOY coordinate system. And let point O itself be tightly connected, for example, with a watercraft. Then (Fig. 3), if we realize an external action in the form of an alternating periodic force, forcing the capture point of the plate to reciprocate, then we should expect the appearance of the resultant forward thrust force. This traction force applied to the swimming apparatus will lead to its forward movement. In this case, the forced oscillations of the capture point of the plate will be movements that are transverse to the direction of movement of the craft, which ideally corresponds to the flapping movement of the wing of the bird and the tail of the fish. At the same time, this means that all the means of excitation of the thrust force in fluids oriented to the oscillatory fan-like motion of the propulsion device fundamentally contradict the condition of maximum efficiency δ = 0.2887 · 1 and, therefore, by definition have a lower coefficient of efficiency than in the proposed case.

In this case, there is no need to set the angle of attack of the mover, since the mover under the influence of external forces and conditions, being deformed, takes an energetically favorable shape and angle of attack.

When the mover is operating, a vortex flow arises (Fig. 4), which is formed by closed torus-type vortices descending sequentially from the mover. In this case, the direction of the vortex flow (Fig. 5) is directly opposite to the direction of the traction force. The flow is formed by a group of vortices, forming behind the mover a track of the Karman type (N.E. Kochin, N.V. Roze. Introduction to theoretical hydromechanics. State Technical and Theoretical Publishing House. M., L. 1932, 316 pages). An analogy with the picture of the appearance of the lifting force of a wing moving in a fluid medium at a certain speed is appropriate here: at small angles of attack, about 5-10 degrees, a significant lifting force arises at the wing. In our case, applying external forces to the plate so that it plays the role of lifting force, and bending deformations of the plate bring its shape to the shape of a wing, we create conditions for the external fluid under which the vortex motion of the medium must be such that it matches lift force. In this sense, our way of exciting the movement of the medium is the reverse way of the occurrence of the lifting force of a wing located in a moving stream. In this case, the use of the fluid as a stop is excluded, and therefore the element of motion "failure" of the propulsion device into the medium is excluded, when it, as a rowing tool, is used to lean on the fluid.

The problem of the inefficient stage of "shifting the mover" in the proposed solution is completely eliminated by the fact that the mover in this stage is straightened and returns the potential energy of bending in the form of the kinetic energy of the forward movement of the swimming apparatus forward.

As a result of our research of the propulsion device using the method of physical modeling, an efficiency of ~ 76% is obtained. In similar conditions, the propeller screw has an efficiency of ≈45%.

B. The use of our propeller in the version of the blade for a cycloidal propeller gives a device that initially has high efficiency.

The results described in paragraphs A and B lead to the possibility of using the blades and the principle of creating with their help the traction force for the cycloidal propeller. For this, a variant of the device is considered, which includes six blades. The bearing axes of the blades are located at the vertices of a regular hexagon having an axis of rotation passing through the geometric center of the hexagon. The hexagon is called the rotor. The axis of the blades and the axis of rotation of the rotor are perpendicular to the plane of the rotor.

Figure 6, a, b, c, d, e shows the diagram (top view) of the successive positions of the blades (6) and the rotor (7). 6, a - neutral or resting state of the rotor and blades. In Fig.6, b, c, d, d - the state of the blades depending on the position occupied by the rotor through 90 °, in the process of its rotation around axis 8 clockwise. From Fig.6 it follows that with the rotation of the rotor 7, each vertex of the hexagon passes a circular path; along the same trajectory axis 9, bearing blades 6. In this case, axis 9 freely rotates with respect to the rotor.

In the process of forced movement around the circumference, the blades experience elastic bending deformations, similar to deformations of the bird's wing during flywheel movements transverse to the direction of flight, as shown in Fig.6, b, c, d, d. Arrow 10 indicates the direction of the resulting force traction arising for a given (6, a) direction of the blades 6.

In Fig.7 shows a top view with cuts and sections of the device, which implements the principle of operation, represented by the diagrams in Fig.6. In Fig.8 shows a section of the device with a plane aa, and Fig.9 - plane bb. The blades 6 are a hydrodynamically streamlined flexible elastic body, mounted on the axis 8. The rotor 7 is a monolithic rigid body of regular hexagonal shape, carrying six blades. An asterisk 11 is mounted on each axis 9; all the sprockets 11 are connected by a chain 12, which sets for the entire group of blades their same position with respect to the initially selected direction, as, for example, in FIG. 6, a, which is preserved during the rotational movement of the rotor. All sprockets 11, like blades 6, are the same. The same sprockets 13 are connected on one of the axles 9 and on the rotor 7, connected by a chain 14. The transmission with the help of asterisks 11, 13 and chains 12, 14 allows maintaining the same predetermined positions of the blades 6 at any angular rotational speeds of the rotor 7. As a result, the rotating rotor 7 on the blades 6 is reduced not only to move the blades along a circular path, but also to the interaction of the blades with the medium.

Thus, each blade in the process of rotational movement of the rotor experiences elastic flexible alternating deformations during the shock type of interaction with the medium in the direction transverse to the profile. According to points A and B, this generates a traction force in the forward direction, transverse to the direction of the force of interaction with the medium.

The invention is illustrated by illustrations in which:

Figure 1. Side view (section) of an AV plate. XOY - Cartesian coordinate system; the starting point O coincides with the point of selection of the cable OO '; O '- the point of capture of the plate with a cable. C is the geometric center of the plate. S - trajectory and direction of movement of the plate. F is the vector of external force applied through the cable to the plate.

Figure 2. a is a side view (section) of the plate AB in motion; XOY - the original coordinate system; X "O" Y "- instantaneous coordinate system; F - vector of external force, N - vector of the reaction force of the medium; b - side view of the plate AB in the initial position.

Figure 3. The XOY coordinate system depicts two stages of movement of a flexible plate 1 (AB) under the action of an external Rudar impact force applied to the plate through the rod at point 2: a) - the impact force is directed upward; b - the force of impact is directed downward. The axis OY corresponds to the direction of movement of the plate. The OX axis corresponds to a vertical line along which the rod carries out its own reciprocating motion and the movement of the capture point of the plate. Vectors N show the reaction forces of the medium. OO 'is the horizon line; mm 'is the chord of a curved plate. The angle between the straight line segments mm 'and OO' corresponds to the angle of attack generated by the deformation of the plate and the forces of impact and reaction of the medium. Separately rendered parallelograms of the forces F _shock and N , with the help of which the thrust force vector R is geometrically determined.

Figure 4. The formation of a chain of vortices formed behind an active plate moving in a medium with velocity V is shown schematically. The numbers 3, 4, 5 indicate successive in time and space the position of the plate when passing the midline of the forward movement of the propulsion. Closed and open curves with an arrow indicate the direction of motion of the particles of the medium. Closed curves reflect individual vortices of positive and negative intensity.

Figure 5. A photograph is given of the vortex wake behind the stern of the current model with a propulsion device, the action of which is described in paragraph B. The wake is reflected in the form of a disturbance band slightly expanding from left to right on the water surface. The model moves from right to left.

6. Schemes (top view) of the sequential positions of the blades (6) and the rotor (7) are shown. a - neutral or resting state of the rotor and the blades, b, c, d, e - successive states of the blades depending on the position taken by the rotor through 90 °, in the process of its rotation around axis 8 clockwise.

7. A top view of a device with cuts and sections in which the principle of action, represented by the diagrams in Fig. 6, is implemented. The blades 6 are a hydrodynamically streamlined flexible elastic body, mounted on the axis 8. The rotor 7 is a monolithic rigid body of regular hexagonal shape, carrying six blades. An asterisk 11 is mounted on each axis 9; all the sprockets 11 are connected by a chain 12, defining for the entire group of blades their same position with respect to the initially selected, as, for example, in Fig. 6, a direction that is preserved during the movement of the rotor. All sprockets 11, like blades 6, are the same. The same sprockets 13 are connected on one of the axles 9 and on the rotor 7, connected by a chain 14. The transmission using the sprockets 11, 13 and chains 12, 14 allows you to maintain the same predetermined position of the blades 6 at any angular speed of rotation of the rotor 7.

Fig. 8. The cross section of the device (Fig.7) plane AA.

Fig.9. The cross section of the device (Fig.7) plane BB.

Figure 10. The oblique projection of a device used for testing in the atmosphere. An asterisk 15 is rigidly mounted on the rotor 7, which is connected by a chain 16 to exactly the same drive asterisk. The drive fastener 17 is rigidly connected to the axis of rotation 8 of the rotor 7, and the fasteners 18 hold the drive itself. The drive contains an electric motor 19 and a gear reducer 20. The DC motor DPM-25-N1-03 is designed for a supply voltage of 12 V and a current of 0.3 A; angular speed - 6000 rpm. The gearbox reduces the angular speed of rotation of the motor shaft to 300 rpm.

11. A photograph of a device made in accordance with the sketch (figure 10) for conducting experimental studies.

To demonstrate the implementation of the proposed technical solution, we use the method of physical modeling.

We choose atmospheric air as a fluid. The device to be constructed will be a device similar to the cyclocopter described above in the example with the cyclocopter.

Figure 10 presents the oblique projection of the device (photograph of figure 11), made for experimental work. Blades 6, rectangular in shape and measuring 0.30 × 0.17 m ² , were made using a polymer film with a thickness of 0.000015 m glued to a frame made of five flexible bamboo sticks with a cross section of 0.0007 × 0.0007 m ² and length 0.17 m. Bamboo is selected for reasons of lightness, flexibility, elasticity, strength. The resulting flat body-blade was rigidly mounted on axis 9 so that the impact of a rotating rotor on the blade was carried out through axis 9. This simulates the process of impact of a wing on a single feather through the barrel of a feather. Further, all six blades 6, by means of their axes 9, were fixed at the vertices of a regular hexagonal rotor 7. In this case, in contrast to the above-described version of the propeller for an aqueous medium, the rotor 7 is supplemented by a second similar hexagonal element so that its design has the rigidity necessary for operation. And the rotor 7 and axis 9 are assembled from bamboo sticks with a diameter of 3 mm. The axis 9 rotates freely at the junction with the rotor 7. The entire structure of the rotor with blades mounted on the axis of rotation 8, which is a metal spoke. An asterisk 11 is rigidly mounted on each axis 9. All the asterisks 11 are identical and are connected by a chain 12, which rigidly connects them so that rotation of any of the sprockets by an arbitrary angle relative to the rotor means a rotation of the same angle of each of the sprockets 11. The rotor axis 8 and on one of the axes 9 the same sprockets 13 are rigidly fixed, connected by a chain 14. When the rotor is rotated on the axis 8 at rest by an arbitrary angle due to the connection 9, 11, 13, 14, the axes 9 are displaced in a circle with a center coinciding with axis 8, but at the same time its own rotation in its rest system B 9 do not undergo. On the other hand, the rotation of the axis of rotation 8 by a certain angle leads to the rotation of each of the axes 9 by the same angle — this changes the direction of action of the resulting thrust force, which makes it possible to control a vessel or apparatus carrying the proposed device. An asterisk 15 is rigidly mounted on the rotor 7, which is connected by a chain 16 to exactly the same drive asterisk. The drive fastener 17 is rigidly connected to the axis of rotation 8 of the rotor 7, and the fasteners 18 hold the drive itself.

Thus, the drive, rigidly connected with the axis of rotation 8, through the drive sprocket 15 sets, with the help of chain 16, the moment of rotation of the driven sprocket 15, which is rigidly connected with the rotor, which causes the rotor to rotate. The rotating rotor 7 moves around the circumference of the axis of rotation 9 of the blades 6. But, moving in this way, the axis 9 does not rotate, i.e. the rotor 7 carries out a parallel transfer of the axes 9. As a result, each blade 6 reproduces flywheel movements generating a forward thrust force in the direction transverse to the direction of impact of the rotor on the blade.

The drive contains an electric motor 19 and a gear reducer 20. The DC motor DPM-25-N1-03 is designed for a supply voltage of 12 V and a current of 0.3 A; angular speed - 6000 rpm. The gearbox reduces the angular speed of rotation of the motor shaft to 300 rpm. A rheostat, a power source connected to the network - the engine allows you to adjust the angular speed of the propeller rotor in the range of 60-300 rpm.

The test results of the proposed technical solution were compared with the results of cyclocopter tests performed by Chul Yong Yun, Illkyung Park, But Yong Lee, Jai Sang Jung, In Seong Hwang, Seung Jo Kim and Sung Nam Jung, "A New VTOL UAV Cyclocopter with Cycloidal Blades System ", AHS 60th Annual Forum and Technology Display, June 7-10, 2004, Baltimore, MD; http://ksea.org/ukc2004/en / Proceedings / 01 AST / AST25_SewigJoKim.pdi.

The measurements gave the following results (table 1).

Table 1 Mass of the device, kg Blade area
m ² Traction force, N Power, W Power / Weight, W / kg Traction force / (power × blade area), N / W Our technical solution 0.45 0.31 0.53 3.6 8 0.475 Cyclocopter 46 1,2 450.8 8283 180.1 0,045

Power (3.6 W), equal to the product of the current strength by the voltage, is maximum for our technical solution; valid values were less.

The main parameter used to compare the two technical solutions was the ratio of the emerging thrust to engine power, normalized to 1 m ^{2 of the} total area of the blades, in the process of movement generating the thrust. The values of this parameter 0, 475 for the proposed device and 0.045 for the cyclocopter indicate that the proposed device is more than an order of magnitude more economical than the known device.

Another parameter - the ratio of engine power to the mass of the device - indicates significant structural reserves for industrial versions of the proposed device: 8 - for our device model and 180.1 - for the cyclocopter. As a result, the advantage of the proposed technical solution over the known becomes indisputable.

Thus, the proposed technical solution is economically significantly more profitable than the known solutions. The reason for winning is that we are fundamentally moving away from the option of using the fluid as a support for the propulsion device, since in this case the propulsion device will always “fall through” into the medium. Moreover, its effectiveness will consist in how much fluid mass per unit of time it manages to push away from itself. But this is closer to the jet movement, and in the most economically disadvantageous option. Our option is that the mover creates the conditions for the occurrence of vortex flows such as arise during the flap movements of a wing in a bird or tail in a fish, the efficiency of which is about 95%.

The proposed technical device gives the vessel or apparatus carrying it the same maneuverability as the Woiss-Schneider propeller, but it is more technologically advanced to manufacture, simpler to operate and simpler structurally, i.e. more reliable in operation. In addition, the Woiss-Schneider propeller allows you to solve the problem of maneuverability of the vessel only during its operation, and at rest, for example, when towing a ship, the propeller becomes an extra element of the ship's hull, which interferes with its towing. In these conditions, the proposed device is easily translated into steering mode, which allows you to easily adjust the movement of the towed vessel.

Claims (2)

1. A propeller containing a rotor with a mechanical drive and n identical blades mounted by their supporting axes on the rotor supporting structure perpendicular to the plane of rotation, symmetrically and at the same distance from the common axis of rotation so that the attachment points are the vertices of a regular n-gon, characterized in that as a separate blade of the device, a flat or volume hydro- or aerodynamically streamlined flexible laterally elastic body rigidly mounted on its own axis is used identical, and on the axes themselves, fixed with the possibility of free rotation, the same sprockets are mounted, connected by a chain transmission into one system, in which the bodies of the blades in the inoperative state of the device are always located in parallel planes regardless of the angle of rotation of the rotor, while the rotor is made of drum type for double-sided capture of the rotational axes of the blades or planar - for single-sided capture of the rotational axes of the blades and mounted with the possibility of free rotation on its own axis, on which the leading star is mounted Single associated chain transmission with a similar driven sprocket nasazhannoy on one of the axes of rotation of blades n. 2. The propeller according to claim 1, characterized in that when the rotor of the drum type, the blades have the shape of a rectangle.

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