RU2376431C2 - Rescue module in case of fire and earthquake - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to rescue structures to ensure safety for people found out in high-storied buildings and other places during earthquakes and fires. The rescue module includes hard hollow body with a front door. The body is made from shock-proof material. The rescue module consists of an arm-chair, life-support kits, for example first-aid kit, water, oxygen container and mask. The rescue module can be is fixed to a wall, floor or ceiling by shock absorbers and provided with arm-chair mounted on spring or elastomer shock-absorbers.

EFFECT: shelter in case of fire or building damage during earthquake.

3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to structures of protective structures designed to ensure the safety of people, mainly in rooms and other places of residence, in case of natural disasters, such as fires and earthquakes.

Known design - a mobile shelter for explosives. It is cylindrical in shape and contains protective walls, a door, a floor and a conical cover (Melnikov N.V. et al. Safety measures for open cast mining. - M.: Gosgortekhizdat, 1963, p. 315, Fig. 141).

It is also known (mobile shelter Bukshuk), patent of the Russian Federation 2116420.

The main disadvantages of this device:

1. The device is leaky, which means that a person may suffocate from dust or combustion products.

2. The device is oval streamlined, which in our case is practically not useful.

3. The device does not have a rigid connection with the wall (the most guaranteed part of the building to be stable), as a result, during an earthquake, the device will receive extra shocks.

The closest in technical essence is the module of seismic and anti-hurricane protection, see RF patent 2005140554. Its short description: module of antiseismic and anti-hurricane protection, characterized in that it provides the following features: preservation of the life and health of the user in an earthquake, hurricane and other natural or criminal disasters, quick location and rescue of the user, maintenance of the user's life before the arrival of rescuers, communication with the outside world and rescue team anda, protection of the user during the rescue operation itself, and these capabilities are provided due to the fact that the module contains a parallelepiped housing for mechanical protection, which is covered with an aerodynamic shell, made of durable material, protects the living space for one person, equipped with a chair, closed with five sides, and on the sixth side has a sliding shutter for access of a person inside and his stay in a protected area equipped with the following rescue equipment: oxygen a cylinder and an oxygen mask, a supply of water and a tube for drinking, as well as a battery-powered electric lamp, a communication center and a warning system operating in real time.

The main disadvantages of this device:

1. The device is leaking, and not everyone can use an oxygen mask in a stressful situation, especially in the first minutes of a fire, and according to statistics, most people die from smoke.

2. The absence of springs to cushion impacts, which is very important.

3. Due to the limited information on this invention, it is difficult to state other disadvantages.

The technical task is to create shelter from the fire and in case of destruction of the building during an earthquake. The task is ensured by the fact that the module housing is made of a durable material resistant to deformation. The case is also equipped with standard elements of gearing and transportation by a crane in case the module is rescued from a destroyed building.

The rescue module is fixed to the wall, floor and ceiling with spring shock absorbers, which fix the housing to the walls, floor and, if necessary, to the ceiling, preventing the module from moving away from the wall and falling to the side during an earthquake, and thereby receive extra shocks. Also, these shock absorbing devices serve to mitigate impacts in the event of the destruction of a building.

Outside the rescue module, spring shock absorbers are used that can withstand the temperature of a domestic fire, and inside the module shock absorbers are used, both spring and elastomeric.

Externally, the housing of the rescue module is in the form of a parallelepiped. In this case, the module will be as compact and functional as possible.

The corners of the hull are rounded in order to reduce the resistance when pulling the rescue hull from the possible ruins of the building. The module is airtight and equipped with an air supply inside the case, an oxygen cylinder, a mask and an air filter that purifies the air from burning and dust coming from outside. Air can enter the housing through a compact air handling unit. First, through a coarse filter that traps dust, and then an intermediate carbon filter that absorbs smoke and fumes.

The rescue module is equipped with a sound beacon, a radio beacon and communications equipment. Also, the module is equipped with an armchair, seat belts, airbags and life support equipment (first aid kit, water, gas mask, communications).

The drawing shows a General view of the rescue module.

The rescue module consists of a housing 1, standard for rescue devices of a seat 2, equipped with belts and airbags (not shown), spring or elastomeric shock absorbers of a seat 3, a compact air supply unit with an air filter 4 with an opening airtight valve (not shown), a spring-mounted housing module with wall, ceiling and floor 5, wall 6, floor 7.

The rescue module is used as follows.

In case of fire, if it is impossible to evacuate, you need to go inside the housing 1, close the door, check for leaks, for this a compact air supply unit with an air filter must be closed. If the fire is strong, take advantage of the reserve of air mixture in cylinders and, using the means of communication, call for help. If the fire is not strong, but just caustic smoke, use a forced-air installation with an air filter 4, which purifies the air as a gas mask.

In case of an earthquake, you need to go into the rescue module, close the door tightly, sit in chair 2, fasten your seat belts, turn on the air filter 4 and wait for the earthquake to end. Airbags are deployed upon impact. Spring shock absorbers 3 and 5 soften the shock.

The rescue module for an overall person occupies 0.3 square meters. meter. Recently, residential skyscrapers and office skyscrapers are being built more and more. People will be much more willing to settle above the fifteenth floor, knowing that the apartment is equipped with a rescue device, which does not take up much space. People working in offices located in skyscrapers will be more confident in terms of their safety. The rescue module takes up little space, is simple to manufacture, inexpensive in price compared with losses in its absence.

Claims (3)

1. The rescue module, which is a robust hollow body with an entrance door made of shockproof material, including a chair, means for ensuring the livelihoods of people, such as a first-aid kit, water, an oxygen cylinder and a mask, characterized in that it is fixed to the wall, floor and ceiling by softening blows shock absorbers, and is also equipped with a seat mounted on spring or elastomeric shock absorbers. 2. The rescue module according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a sound beacon, a beacon and communications. 3. The rescue module according to claim 1, characterized in that it is sealed.

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