RU2373329C1 - Culvert under bank - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction, hydrotechnical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to construction and may be used in construction or reconstruction of line structure bank with arrangement of culverts when crossing low-flow, mostly periodical waterways. Culvert under bank comprises water-conduit part made of containers joined to each other with sorted stone material and enclosed into flexible shell in cross section. Containers are made in the form of meshy metal baskets of rectangular shape, which turn into box-like gabions after their filling with stone material. Along height gabions are arranged at least in one tier, and their rows create at least one water-conducting channel with sizes specified in cross section in direction of longitudinal axis of culvert, besides channel roof is made with gabions of above-arranged tier or flat element, and bottom - with gabions of lower arranged tier or protective element.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to increase structure reliability and to expand field of application for culvert.

5 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the construction and can be used in the construction or reconstruction of the embankment of a linear structure with the device culverts at the intersection of low-flow, mainly periodic action of watercourses.

Known culverts in the form of pipes with holes of round, rectangular or oval cross-section and with sizes up to 4-5 m [1].

The disadvantages of such culverts are their high cost and lack of reliability, since the stiffness of the pipes adversely affects their operation. With weak base soils, especially with seasonal freezing of soils around the pipe as a result of frost heaving and precipitation, the contact of the pipe with the soil containing the pipe may open.

To hold the soil adjacent to such culverts, retaining walls and heads are being erected, which are now often made of gabions, which are rectangular metal baskets filled with stone material (Collection of typical solutions. Fastening the ends of culverts. Gabions McCafferry. Appendix 1 ) However, the gabions used are not structural elements of the culverts themselves.

A culvert is known, including a water supply (filtering) part, consisting of sorted stones of a given size, paired with a base and isolated on the sides and above the body of the embankment with a cloth of geosynthetic material (geotextiles, dornite, etc.) [2].

The disadvantages of such a culvert are as follows:

- during prolonged use in conditions of a weak base due to the non-uniform failure of individual stones and their groups, uneven settlement of the filtering part and, ultimately, unacceptable deformation of the embankment can occur;

- the difficulty of ensuring the design capacity of the structure, as well as its limitedness - usually up to 5 m ³ / s [2];

- during the operation of the facility, the water supply is clogged up to its complete failure.

In the same place [2] a culvert is known, in which a culvert is located above the filtering part. Such a combined structure is partially free from the last 2 above-mentioned disadvantages, however, the design of the outlet head and the water hole, such a high-raised pipe, is complicated.

A culvert is known, the plumbing part of which is made in the form of horizontally placed plates placed one above the other with vertical channels and protrusions on their lower surfaces. Such plates imitate a filtering stone outline, in which labyrinth culverts are created and which are isolated from the embankment body with a sheet of geosynthetic material [3].

This culvert not only passes a watercourse through the embankment, but also helps to remove moisture from the soft soils of the base and ventilates them, which increases the stability of the embankment over the watercourse. However, such a structure has a high cost due to the expenditure of a large volume of slabs and the costly and complex coupling of such rigid slabs with a weak base and lateral parts of the embankment.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a culvert (drainage) structure, in which the water supply (filtering) part is made of interconnected containers with sorted stone material and enclosed in cross section in a flexible shell (canvas). In this case, the containers are made in the form of nets, for example polypropylene, with 0.2 × 0.2 m cells, a volume of 2.0-2.5 m ³ and, due to bonding, create a large integral structure, which increases the stability of the structure in complex engineering and geological conditions [4].

The disadvantages of such a culvert are as follows:

- it is difficult to ensure the design capacity of the structure, while its capacity remains limited due to the excessive complexity of the labyrinth water channels, which are formed randomly between the containers with small, and uncertain sizes;

- during the operation of the facility, the water supply is clogged up to its complete failure, which is facilitated by the grid of containers.

These shortcomings limit the scope of the culvert and reduce its reliability.

The problem to which the invention is directed, is to expand the scope of the culvert and increase its reliability. The technical result from the use of the invention lies in the formation in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the construction of water supply channels with the dimensions set in cross section and in preventing clogging of the water supply.

This problem is solved, and the technical result is achieved by the fact that in the culvert under the embankment, comprising a plumbing part made of interconnected containers with sorted stone material and enclosed in cross section in a flexible shell, according to the invention, the containers are made in the form of rectangular metal baskets forms that form box gabions after filling them with stone material. Gabions in height are located at least in one tier and in their rows form at least one water supply channel with the dimensions specified in the cross section in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the culvert. The ceiling of the water supply channel is formed by gabions of an upstream tier or a flat element, and the bottom of each water supply channel is formed by gabions of an upstream tier or a protective element.

Additionally:

- gabions are located with the formation of the inlet head, which contains a vertical water intake wall with inlet openings of the water supply channels and with a trash holding mesh fixed to it and further comprises a water intake coating;

- gabions are located with the formation of the outlet head and water hole;

- at least within the extreme water supply channels of the first tier spacer elements are installed;

- the cell sizes of the trash retention mesh are at least two times smaller than the mesh sizes of the gabion baskets.

The present invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict: in Fig.1 - General view of the structure, plan; figure 2 is a section aa in figure 1, example 1; figure 3 is a section bB in figure 2, example 1; figure 4 is a section aa in figure 1, example 2; figure 5 is a single-tiered water part of the structure with one water channel, a cross section.

Example 1 (FIGS. 1-3). The culvert is located under the embankment 1 on a relatively high-quality base 2 and includes a water part 3, enclosed in cross section in a flexible shell 4. Water part 3 is formed by box gabions (hereinafter: gabions) 5 and 6, which are made by filling mesh metal baskets with stone material rectangular shape [5].

Gabions 5 have dimensions, for example: length L = 1.5 m, width B = 1.0 m, height H = 1.0 m, and gabions 6 - respectively: 3.0 × 1.0 × 0.5. Gabions 5 are located in the two lower tiers. These gabions 5 in their rows form water channels (hereinafter: channels) 8, for example, 0.25 m wide and channels 9 (extreme in the first tier) 0.125 m wide in the direction of the longitudinal axis 7 of the culvert. Channels 8 and 9 of the first tier are blocked by gabions 5 of the second tier, and the bottom of these channels is formed by a protective sheet 10. The channels 8 of the second tier are blocked by gabions 6 of the third tier, and the bottom of these channels is formed by gabions 5 of the first tier.

The indicated dimensions of gabions 5 and 6 and water supply channels 8 and 9 make it possible to make the water supply part 3 with vertical side walls 11, form an inlet head 12 with a vertical water intake wall 13 and a water intake coating 14, as well as an output head 15 and a water outlet 16. In the water intake wall 13 the inlet openings 17 of the channels 8 and 9 are made, and on the wall 13 a trash-retaining mesh 18 is fixed, covering the entire outer surface of this wall 13. Moreover, the cell sizes of the trash-retaining mesh are at least two times smaller than the sizes i mesh of baskets of gabions 5 and 6.

Within the extreme channels 9 of the first tier, spacer elements 19 are installed. The design of these spacer elements 19 is established by the project. If necessary, the spacer elements 19 can be installed in a number of channels 8.

The flexible shell 4, as well as the protective fabric 10 are made of geosynthetic material, such as geotextiles (usually non-woven), dornite and others.

In the drawings, other elements of the structure are indicated, namely:

20 - maximum water level;

21 - mount with a stone;

22 - natural surface of the base;

23 - coarse-grained soil;

24 - snow (with ice).

The construction works as follows.

At low water levels, in front of the inlet head 12, water moves under embankment 1 through channels 8 and 9 and filters through the pores of gabions 5 of the first (lower) tier. At high water levels, channels 8 and gabions 5 of the second tier are additionally included in the work. With an extremely rare maximum water level of 20, all channels of the water supply part 3 and all its gabions are included in the work. In this case, water enters both through the water intake wall 13 of the inlet head 12 and through its water intake cover 14. The latter circumstance increases the completeness of the filling of channels 8 and gabions 5 in the second tier with a stream, and also increases the operability of the inlet head 12 under conditions of snow deposits 24 .

When water moves along the filtering part 3, the gabions 5 and 6 of all tiers are drained by channels 8 and 9. As you approach the outlet head 15, all water from channels 8 of the second tier can be filtered through gabions 5 into channels 8 and 9 of the first tier. Therefore, in the absence of a trash retention net 18, clogging of gabions 5 with debris entering through the inlet openings 17 of the channels 8 of the second tier can occur.

The flexible shell 4 prevents the penetration of finely dispersed soils of the embankment 1 and the base 2 into the water supply part 3 and their removal by the flow of water from the embankment, and the web 10 together with the flexible shell 4 protects the soils of the base 2 from erosion. The trash mesh 18 protects the plumbing part 3, especially its filter gabions 5 and 6, from clogging, and the energy of the water flow when it exits the outlet head 15 is extinguished into the water hole 16.

Example 2 (figure 4). The culvert is located under the embankment 1 on a relatively weak base 2 and is characterized by the following, relative to example 1, differences.

1. The plumbing part 3 contains a bed 25 made of Ren's mattresses, which are flat rectangular gabions 26 of small thickness (mattress-mattress gabions). The bed 25 is located on a flexible shell 4 (instead of a protective sheet 10 or in addition to it). Gabions 26 have dimensions in meters, for example 3.0 × 2.0 × 0.3.

2. Gabions 5 of the first and second tiers are located one above the other with the formation of channels 8 each with a width of 0.25 m. Between these tiers and above them are overlaps, respectively, 27 and 28, also made of gabions 26.

The plumbing part 3 of the structure is usually multi-tiered. At least, it can consist of one tier of gabions, and, as an extreme case, the water supply part 3 may contain only one channel blocked by a flat element 29 (Fig. 5).

The proposed culvert is inherently a combined gabion structure in which water under the embankment is passed both through channels formed by gabions and through permeable gabions themselves. Moreover, if the filtering embankment is recommended to be used on waterways with a design flow rate of up to 5 m ³ / s [2], then in the proposed culvert, such a flow rate can reach 10 m ³ / s or more, depending on the size of the cross section of the water supply part of the structure its water channels.

Information sources

1. Gibshman E.E. Bridges and structures on the roads. M .: Transport, 1973, p. 244, 225, Fig. 114, 115.

2. Research, design and construction of railways in permafrost areas. BCH 61-89 / Ministry of Transport of the USSR. - M .: TsNIIS, 1990. Appendix 10, Fig. 1-3.

3. Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2059031, cl. E01F 5/00, publ. 04/27/1996.

4. Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2186170, cl. E01F 5/00, publ. 07/27/2002.

5. GOST R 52132-2003. Mesh products for gabion structures. Technical conditions

Claims (5)

1. A culvert under the embankment, comprising a water supply made of interconnected containers with sorted stone material and enclosed in cross section in a flexible shell, characterized in that the containers are made in the form of mesh metal baskets of rectangular shape, forming after filling them with stone material box gabions, with gabions in height located at least one tier and in their rows form in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the culvert, in m at least one water supply channel with the dimensions given in the cross section, the channel ceiling being formed by gabions of an upper tier or a flat element, and the bottom by gabions of an lower tier or a protective element. 2. The culvert according to claim 1, characterized in that the gabions are located with the formation of the inlet head, which contains a water intake wall with inlet openings of the water supply channels and with a trash-retaining mesh fixed to it and a water intake coating. 3. The culvert according to claim 1, characterized in that the gabions are located with the formation of the outlet head and the water hole. 4. The culvert according to claim 1, characterized in that, at least within the extreme water supply channels of the first tier, spacer elements are installed. 5. The culvert according to claim 2, characterized in that the cell size of the trash retention net is at least two times smaller than the mesh size of the gabion baskets.

Images