RU2366884C2 - Muzzle or barrel device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons.

SUBSTANCE: invention concerns small arms. Device includes extension boxes connected by gas channels to bullet race. Extension boxes feature smooth surface closed in cross-section to form closed vortex of combustion gas inside, and gas channels are directed at a tangent to extension box generatrix, and their surface area allows for filling the extension box with combustion gas before the bullet leaves barrel or reaches gas channels of next extension box.

EFFECT: enhanced sound damping, along with reduced impairing of shooting density.

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Description

The invention relates mainly to small arms, to the design of the barrel, in particular muzzle devices.

Known muzzle device "5.45 mm Nikonov automatic machine AN-94" [3], containing expansion and exhaust chambers, a bullet hole. In the expansion chambers of this device, a rotation of the gas stream is created, which breaks the steady outflow of the main stream of gases, preventing the exit of gases through the bullet hole.

The disadvantages of this device are:

- the asymmetric effect of gases on the bullet passing the expansion chamber, deflects it towards the lowest pressure;

- deflection of the bullet contribute to the non-perpendicular axis of the bullet hole of the wall of the inlet and outlet openings of the expansion chambers.

All this inevitably leads to a deterioration in the accuracy of fire.

Also known are weapons samples operating on the principle of removal of powder gases ([1], p. 42, 71, 115, 123, 139).

The disadvantage of these samples is that the powder gases move randomly in the gas chamber, and this leads to large losses through the gaps between the gas piston and the gas chamber, which forces the gas outlet to be placed further from the muzzle of the barrel, reducing the effectiveness of the weapon.

The closest in technical essence and technical result achieved is the muzzle device (prototype) of the Izhmash concern [4], which contains expansion chambers and a bullet channel formed by successively arranged elements of the same configuration. The cavities of the expansion chambers are made in a toroidal shape with conical gas cut-offs forming inlet cross-sectional sections in cross section. In the expansion chambers of this device, a rotation of the gas stream is created, which breaks the steady outflow of the main stream of gases, preventing the exit of gases through the bullet hole.

The disadvantage of this device is that the powder gases do not just move behind the bullet, but move it, while the gas molecules are several orders of magnitude lighter than the bullet, so when the bullet reaches the expansion chamber, the gases burst into it at a speed exceeding the speed of the bullet, and get the ability to affect the bullet by completing a revolution in the expansion chamber. And due to the inevitable manufacturing and assembly errors, this effect will be asymmetric, causing a deterioration in the accuracy of fire of the weapon. To reduce these harmful effects, it is necessary to increase the path traveled by the gas (the perimeter of the expansion chambers), i.e. increase the dimensions of the muzzle device.

The objective of the invention is the creation of a muzzle or barrel device of small dimensions with the highest possible degree of silencing of the sound, with less negative impact on the accuracy of fire, providing a reduction in recoil of the weapon and almost complete elimination of the muzzle flame. And when using small arms in gas engines - increase their effectiveness.

To accomplish this task, the receiver for small arms contains expansion chambers (for example, in the form of a circular cylinder with end surfaces in the form of a half toroid or an elliptical toroid) connected to the bullet channel by gas channels (slit with a conical gas cutoff), which are made with a smooth, a surface closed in a longitudinal section with the possibility of creating a closed vortex of powder gases in them, while the gas channels are tangent to the generatrix of the expansion chamber, loschadi which provides an expansion chamber filling powder gases to the barrel from bullets emission device or gas channels it reaches the next expansion chamber.

In order to exclude the influence of the gases in the gas chamber on the bullet (the creation of a closed vortex of powder gases in the chamber), the expansion chambers have a smooth closed surface (not taking into account the channels connecting the gas chambers to the barrel channel and the design features that do not affect the physics of the process) and the cross-sectional area of the connecting gas channels or slots with a conical cut-off and the angle of their entry into the gas chamber are determined by the conditions of use in a particular sample of the weapon, that is, it is filled from the security conditions gas chamber with powder gases, creating the maximum velocity of the gas vortex and the minimum (or required) gas loss during the passage of the vortex past the gas channels, i.e., they are determined by the design under development.

Example 1. If you want to develop a muzzle device that reduces the firing sound of an assault rifle having a rate of fire of 600 rounds per minute and a bullet speed at the muzzle end of 715 meters per second, then in the designed muzzle device the gas chambers (if there are several) must be filled in time: a) gas during the passage of a bullet from one slit with a conical cutter to another; b) have time to empty before the next bullet arrives (that is, in 0.1 second).

Based on these requirements, gas-dynamic calculations and development of the muzzle device are carried out.

Example 2. If you want to develop a silencer for a sniper rifle with a combat rate of 30 rounds per minute and a bullet speed at the muzzle of 830 meters per second, then in the designed silencer the gas chambers (if there are several) should:

a) have time to fill up with gas during the flight of a bullet from one slot with a conical cutter to another;

b) have time to empty before the arrival of the next bullet (that is, 2 seconds).

Based on these requirements, gas-dynamic calculations and muffler testing are carried out.

The presence of signs that distinguish the claimed solution from the prototype allows us to conclude that the claimed invention meets the criterion of "novelty." When searching, technical solutions were not found that confirm the prominence of the distinctive features on the specified technical results. This allows us to conclude that the claimed invention meets the condition of an inventive step.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

figure 1, 2 - muzzle device;

figure 3 - barrel device located concentrically to the trunk (gas engine).

The muzzle device comprises a housing 1 (see FIG. 1) filled with elements 2 of the same configuration installed in the housing 1 sequentially one after another. Moreover, on one end surface of the element, the front part of the gas expansion chamber 3 is made in the form of a circular cylinder with an end surface in the form of half a toroid 4 with a conical gas cutoff 5, and on the opposite end surface its rear part 6. Elements 2 are oriented by a conical gas cutter 5 towards the movement of the bullet. Each element contains a bullet channel 7. The first element 2 and the annular recess in the housing 1 form a first gas chamber. The last element 2 and the annular recess in the lid 8 form the last gas chamber.

The operation of the muzzle device.

During the shot, the gases following together and behind the bullet through the bullet channel 7 (see Fig. 2) are cut off from the bullet by a conical gas cut-off 5 and sent along the conical entrance slit 9 to the gas expansion chamber 3, where, moving along its surface, they form a closed vortex that has practically no effect on the bullet, since a gas stream moving at a high speed past the entrance slit will prevent leakages from the gas chamber (for the effect of a jet ejector pump, see, for example, [2], p. 280), then there is a swirl castle being created. The gas pressure in the bullet channel due to the removal of part of the gas into the gas chamber drops. And so, with the passage of each gas chamber. After the bullet leaves the device, the gas pressure in the bullet channel decreases, at the same time, the vortex velocity in the gas chamber decreases (due to gas friction against the walls, internal friction losses, cooling), gas losses through the inlet slit into the bullet channel increase. When the vortex disappears, the gas loss through the inlet gap is maximum. Gases flow from the gas chambers to the bullet channel, and from the bullet channel out to the atmosphere.

The decrease in sound level occurs due to a significant decrease in the amount and pressure of gases flowing out of the muzzle device after the bullet. The process of the expiration of powder gases from the gas chambers back to the bullet channel and from it to the atmosphere takes much longer than the shot process, so its contribution to the creation of sound is negligible.

The lower pressure of the gas jet on the bullet during the aftereffect also has a positive effect on the accuracy of fire of weapons.

A decrease in the recoil energy of a weapon after a shot occurs due to a decrease in the quantity and pressure of gases flowing out of the muzzle device after the bullet.

A significant decrease in the muzzle flame occurs partly due to the combustion of the powder particles during prolonged rotation of gases in the gas chambers and partly due to the cooling of the hot particles of gunpowder in contact with the cold walls of the gas chambers.

Thus, the proposed muzzle device with a vortex lock allows you to reduce the number and speed of the expiration of powder gases from the muzzle device after the bullet and, accordingly, the sound pressure and sound level, reduce recoil energy, increase the accuracy of fire and almost completely eliminate the muzzle flame.

The barrel device, for example a gas engine with a vortex lock of small arms, consists of a barrel 10 (see figure 3) with a sleeve 11, a gas piston 12 mounted on it. On the end surface of the sleeve 11, the front part of the gas chamber 3 is made in the form of a half toroid, and on the gas piston 12, the rear part of the gas chamber is made in the form of a circular cylinder with an end surface in the form of half a toroid. One or more gas channels 13, entering tangentially to the generatrix of the gas chamber, the gas chamber is connected to the bore. And since the gas chamber 3 is formed by several details (barrel 10, clutch 11, gas piston 12), then stepping at the joints, gaps (A) are inevitable. These performance features should be minimized so that their impact on the physics of the process is minimal.

Work gas engine with a vortex lock.

After the bullet 14 passes through the gas channels 13, gases break through them into the gas chamber 3 of the gas engine and, moving along its generatrix, are twisted into a vortex. Gas leaks through the gaps A between the gas piston 12 and the sleeve 11, the gas piston 12 and the barrel 10, while the vortex exists, are minimal (the effect of the jet pump works, see, for example, [2], p. 280).

Thus, the use of a vortex lock in a small arms gas engine can reduce the leakage of powder gases from a gas engine, dramatically increasing its efficiency.

References

1. K. Bishop. Small Arms, Moscow: Omega, 2002

2. G.I. Krivchenko. Hydraulic machines, Moscow: Energoatomizdat, 1983

3. RF patent 2110745, IPC 6 F41А 5/00, 7/00, 9/00, F41С 7/00 dated 05/05/97.

4. RF patent 2202751, IPC 7 F41A 21/32 from 2000.06.07.

Claims (1)

A receiver for small arms, containing expansion chambers connected to the bullet channel by gas channels, characterized in that the expansion chambers are made with a smooth surface closed in a longitudinal section with the possibility of creating a closed vortex of powder gases in them, while the gas channels are tangent to forming expansion chamber, the area of which is configured to ensure that the expansion chamber is filled with powder gases before the bullet leaves the receiver or it reaches the gas channels of the next expansion chamber.

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