RU2595061C2 - Muzzle device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to small arms, namely to muzzle devices. Muzzle device comprises expansion chambers, made with smooth surface and connected via bullet channel. Bullet channel has diameter at inlet of first expansion chamber, minimum required for free passage of bullet. Inlet angle of part of gas, committed overturn within expansion chamber, into main stream moving along bullet channel, is necessary and sufficient to form negative pressure waves in bullet channel and to minimize outflow speed losses when mixing main jet and this part. Expansion chambers are non-closed in their central part in longitudinal direction.

EFFECT: reduced gun recoil during firing, reduced sound of shot are achieved.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates mainly to small arms, to the design of the barrel, in particular muzzle devices.

Known muzzle device containing expansion chambers and a bullet channel formed by sequentially arranged elements of the same configuration. The cavities of the expansion chambers are made in a toroidal shape with conical gas cut-offs forming inlet cross-sectional sections in cross section. In the expansion chambers of this device, a rotation of the gas stream is created, which breaks the steady outflow of the main stream of gases, preventing the exit of gases through the bullet hole (Patent RU No. 2202751 C2, 04/20/2003).

The disadvantage of this device is that during the shot, the gases entering the toroidal cavity of the expansion chamber are unwound along the radius surface of the torus and, almost without losing speed, cut across the motion of the main gas flow, converting the laminar motion of the main flow into a turbulent chaotic motion, which is achieved a sharp decrease in the rate of expiration.

Slowing the gas stream in the bullet channel of the expansion chambers significantly complicates their effective purging and virtually eliminates the purging of the barrel.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved technical result is a muzzle device (prototype) containing expansion chambers connected to the bullet channel by gas channels. The expansion chambers are made with a smooth surface closed in a longitudinal section with the possibility of creating a closed vortex of powder gases in them, while the gas channels are arranged tangentially to the generatrix of the expansion chamber, the area of which is configured to ensure that the expansion chamber is filled with powder gases before the bullet leaves the receiver or her achievement of the gas channels of the next expansion chamber (Patent RU No. 2366884 C2, 09/10/2009).

Longitudinally closing the expansion chamber is structurally ensured by a central cylindrical protrusion with a bullet channel and a conical bell at the end, as well as a conical surface on a cutter located on the elements of the same configuration, partially entering the conical bell of the central protrusion with the formation of conical gas channels.

The disadvantage of the described device is the lack of effective purging of the barrel and expansion chambers, caused by the longitudinally closed surface of the expansion chambers, and, accordingly, the impossibility of generating rarefaction waves in the bore and in the expansion chambers. The expansion chambers of the device represent dead-end zones for gases, which make it possible to use the energy of the gases accumulated in the chambers to counteract the outflow of the main stream of gases without the possibility of their active ventilation. Purge of the barrel and expansion chambers is practically excluded.

The aim of this invention is the provision of effective purging of the barrel and expansion chambers of the muzzle device.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in a muzzle device containing expansion chambers connected to each other by a bullet channel and made with a smooth surface, according to the invention, the bullet channel has a diameter at the entrance to the first expansion chamber, minimally necessary for the free passage of the bullet, and the angle of entry of some gases who have made a revolution in the expansion chamber into the main stream moving along the bullet channel is necessary and sufficient for generating rarefaction waves in the bullet channel and minimizing the loss of The flow outflows when the main jet and this part are mixed, and the expansion chambers themselves are made open in their central part in the longitudinal direction, i.e. hollow.

The absence of a central protrusion and a conical cutter, on the one hand, greatly simplifies the design of the muzzle device and reduces its weight, on the other hand, provides the formation of rarefaction waves in the bore and expansion chambers with a view to efficiently purging them. The decrease in the sound of the shot is caused by the selection of part of the powder gases in the expansion chambers from the main stream flowing out after the bullet, with its subsequent return to the main stream. At the same time, the rate of gas outflow from the muzzle device at the time of the bullet exit is significantly reduced, reducing the sound of the shot.

The purge efficiency is ensured by the creation of an ejection jet in the form of a part of the powder gases (this is neither in the analogue nor in the prototype), which have made a revolution in the cavity of the expansion chamber, in addition to the main stream of gases moving along the bullet channel. At the same time, it is structurally ensured (by selecting the radii of curvature of the inner surface of the ends at the entrance to the expansion chambers) that the optimal angle of entry of the ejection jet into the main stream is necessary, on the one hand, to form a rarefaction wave in the bullet channel, and, on the other hand, to minimize the loss of velocity when mixing the main jet and ejecting.

The selection of a part of the powder gases with high kinetic energy from the main stream at the moment the bullet leaves the expansion chamber, with its subsequent return with minimal loss of speed to the main one (when the velocity of the latter has already decreased significantly), leads to the ejection effect, i.e. the formation of the rarefaction zone (during an unsteady process, as in our case) in the bullet channel at the entrance to the first expansion chamber (and in the subsequent ones), and its development into the rarefaction wave moving along the barrel channel to the end closed by the sleeve and increasing the velocity of the main jet. Reflecting from the closed end, the rarefaction wave, in turn, forms a pressure wave moving in the opposite direction, forcing the remaining gases out of the barrel. This provides an effective blowdown of the barrel. Effective removal of powder gases from the expansion chambers is also ensured by the formation of rarefaction waves in the chambers (for the time interval between shots). The diameter of the bullet channel at the entrance to the first expansion chamber, the minimum necessary for the free passage of the bullet, is also a condition for the formation of an effective purge of the barrel. The diameters of the sections of the bullet channel connecting the expansion chambers to each other, and the diameter of the outlet are made taking into account the errors in the manufacture and installation of the elements that make up the muzzle device.

In FIG. 1 shows a muzzle device containing expansion chambers having a barrel-shaped inner surface with end surfaces as part of a toroidal surface or part of the surface of an elliptical toroid.

In FIG. Figure 2 shows a muzzle device containing expansion chambers with a toroidal shape of the inner surface, while the radii of curvature of the mountainous surfaces on the halves constituting the inner surface of the expansion chamber may differ from each other to increase the effect of blowing the barrel and expansion chambers.

In FIG. 3 shows a muzzle device containing expansion chambers, the inner surface of which is made in the form of a circular cylinder with end surfaces as part of a toroidal surface.

The muzzle device (Fig. 1) contains a housing 1 with a bullet channel 2, a cover 3 with an opening 4 for releasing a bullet, expansion chambers 5, elements of the same configuration 6 with bullet channels 7.

The muzzle device (Fig. 2) contains a housing 8 with a bullet channel 9, a cover 10 with an opening for the departure of the bullet 11, expansion chambers 12, elements of the same configuration 13 with bullet channels 14.

The muzzle device (Fig. 3) contains a housing 15 with a bullet channel 16, a cover 17 with an opening for the departure of the bullet 18, expansion chambers 19, elements of the same configuration 20 with bullet channels 21, an expansion sleeve 22.

The muzzle device (in Fig. 1) works as follows: after a bullet leaves the barrel, powder gases enter the first expansion chamber of the barrel of the muzzle device and partially leave it, the remaining part dynamically acts on the front inner surface of the first expansion chamber, compensating for the recoil force, and moving along the inner surface of the expansion chamber, makes a revolution inside it. Then it also leaves the first expansion chamber, forming a rarefaction wave in the bore, which, in turn, provides its purge and removes powder gases and products of incomplete combustion of gunpowder. When powder gases enter from the first expansion chamber into the second expansion chamber of the muzzle device, part of the powder gases leaves the second expansion chamber, the remaining part dynamically acts on the front inner surface of the second expansion chamber, further compensating for the recoil force. Then it leaves the second expansion chamber of the muzzle device, forming a rarefaction wave in the first expansion chamber and providing its purge, as well as additional purge of the barrel. When powder gases enter the second expansion chamber into the third expansion chamber of the muzzle device, part of the powder gases leaves the third expansion chamber, the remaining part dynamically acts on the front inner surface of the third expansion chamber, further compensating for the recoil force. Then it leaves the third expansion chamber of the muzzle device, forming a rarefaction wave in the second and partially in the first expansion chamber and providing their purge, as well as additional purge of the barrel. In this case, after the bullet takes off, powder gases are actively removed from the barrel and expansion chambers, reducing carbon formation in the barrel channel and in the expansion chambers of the muzzle device.

The muzzle device (in Fig. 2) works as follows: after the bullet leaves the barrel, powder gases enter the first expansion chamber of the barrel of the muzzle device and partially leave it, the rest dynamically acts on the front inner surface of the first expansion chamber, compensating for the recoil force, and, moving along the inner surface of the first expansion chamber, makes a revolution inside it. Then it leaves the first expansion chamber of the muzzle device, forming a rarefaction wave in the barrel channel, which in turn provides its purge and removes powder gases and products of incomplete combustion of gunpowder. When powder gases enter from the first expansion chamber into the second expansion chamber of the muzzle device, part of the powder gases leaves the second expansion chamber, the remaining part dynamically acts on the front inner surface of the second expansion chamber, further compensating for the recoil force. Then it leaves the second expansion chamber of the muzzle device, forming a rarefaction wave in the first expansion chamber and providing its purge, as well as additional purge of the barrel. When powder gases enter the second expansion chamber into the third expansion chamber of the muzzle device, part of the powder gases leaves the third expansion chamber, the remaining part dynamically acts on the front inner surface of the third expansion chamber, further compensating for the recoil force. Then it leaves the third expansion chamber of the muzzle device, forming a rarefaction wave in the second and partially in the first expansion chambers and providing their purge, as well as additional purge of the barrel. A similar process occurs in the remaining expansion chambers. In this case, after the bullet takes off, powder gases are actively removed from the barrel and expansion chambers, reducing carbon formation in the barrel channel and in the expansion chambers of the muzzle device.

The muzzle device (in Fig. 3) works as follows: after the bullet leaves the barrel, powder gases enter the first expansion chamber of the barrel of the muzzle device and partially leave it, the rest dynamically acts on the front inner surface of the first expansion chamber, compensating for the recoil force, and, moving along the inner surface of the expansion chamber, makes a revolution inside it. Then it also leaves the first expansion chamber, forming a rarefaction wave in the bore, which in turn provides its purge and removes powder gases and products of incomplete combustion of gunpowder. When powder gases enter from the first expansion chamber into the second expansion chamber of the muzzle device, part of the powder gases leaves the second expansion chamber, the remaining part dynamically acts on the front inner surface of the second expansion chamber, further compensating for the recoil force. Then it leaves the second expansion chamber of the muzzle device, forming a rarefaction wave in the first expansion chamber and providing its purge, as well as additional purge of the barrel. When powder gases enter the second expansion chamber into the third expansion chamber of the muzzle device, part of the powder gases leaves the third expansion chamber, the remaining part dynamically acts on the front inner surface of the third expansion chamber, further compensating for the recoil force. Then it leaves the third expansion chamber of the muzzle device, forming a rarefaction wave in the second and partially in the first expansion chambers and providing their purge, as well as additional purge of the barrel. In this case, after the bullet takes off, powder gases are actively removed from the barrel and expansion chambers, reducing carbon formation in the barrel channel and in the expansion chambers of the muzzle device.

Thus, the muzzle device reduces the recoil of the weapon during firing and at the same time provides effective blowing of the barrel and expansion chambers. The selection of part of the powder gases into the expansion chambers from the main stream flowing after the bullet, with its subsequent return to the main stream, reduces the rate of expiration of the powder gases from the muzzle device when the bullet exits, reducing the sound of the shot.

Claims (1)

A muzzle device containing expansion chambers connected to each other by a bullet channel and made with a smooth surface, characterized in that the bullet channel has a diameter at the entrance to the first expansion chamber, minimally necessary for free passage of the bullet, and the angle of entry of part of the gases that made a revolution in the expansion chamber, in the main stream moving along the bullet channel, is necessary and sufficient for the formation of rarefaction waves in the bullet channel and to minimize the loss of flow velocity when mixing the main second jet and this part and themselves formed unclosed expansion chambers in their central portion in the longitudinal direction, i.e. hollow.

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