RU2675748C1 - Shot sound silencer - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to muzzle attachments of small arms – silencers. Shot sound silencer contains a base for attachment to a weapon with a bullet hole for the passage of a bullet and side holes, a casing with partitions having holes for the passage of a bullet. Glass is installed outside the casing, forming an additional volume for powder gases. Partitions inside the casing form the chamber. Chambers are connected by holes in the casing with an additional volume for powder gases. Additional volume is divided by partitions, which serve as ribs and cooling ribs. Partitions form channels for the movement of powder gases and air entering through the side openings of the base. At the outlet of the casing there is a nozzle, the end part of the casing forms a vacuum chamber with the walls of the glass, where the powder gases and air mix.EFFECT: improving the efficiency of killing the sound of the shot, reducing the likelihood of overheating of the muffler.9 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of military equipment and is aimed at creating a silencer for the sound of a shot for existing small arms, for example, for a 7.62 mm SVD sniper rifle.

Silencers of the sound of a shot are widely used in small arms, which have a subsonic bullet muzzle velocity, because in this case, the maximum effect of concealment of the shot is achieved (for example, a 9-mm silent gun PB, 9-mm automatic gun silent APB [1], etc.). Recently, however, silencers are also used on small arms with a high initial speed, significantly exceeding the speed of sound (2 ... 3 times). In this case, the ballistic wave (the sound from the bullet’s flight) remains and speaks of the fact of the shot, but determining “by ear” the place of firing at the ballistic wave is a difficult measure, because The ballistic wave propagates from the bullet’s flight path at the Mach angle, and the muzzle wave is practically absent. In this case, only the flames during the shot are unmasked by the firing position. Recently, efforts have been made to exclude and flame when firing a weapon with a silencer (for example, US patent 403445 dated 07/30/82, "Silencer and flame arrester for firearms", in which a perforated wire mesh is used to reduce the temperature of powder gases) the handset). However, this type of silencer is used only on the gun. The above indicates that this type of silencer is ineffective both for muffling a muzzle wave and for reducing the flame of a shot with a silencer, because practice shows that an effective silencer does not create a muzzle flame both at the first and subsequent shots.

A known design of a silencer for the sound of a shot for a PC machine gun used in a simulator for training in shooting from armored vehicles (RF patent 2089815 dated 03/10/94), consisting of a separator with inclined partitions and central holes in them for the passage of a bullet and with a conical arrester at the exit from the muffler. This solution is selected as a prototype.

The disadvantage of this silencer is the following:

- created to significantly reduce the sound in the dash, i.e. in the back hemisphere from the firing position, it does not exclude ardor during the first and subsequent shots;

- a conical arrester is used to increase the directivity of the sound of the shot, i.e. to reduce sound in the rear hemisphere (dash);

- reducing sound in the front hemisphere requires an increase in the number of silencer chambers and its dimensions;

- the stability of the position of the mid-point of hit (STP) of the next shots when removing and placing the silencer on the weapon depends on the effort of setting the silencer on the weapon.

Known single-chamber muffler reactive-absorbing type with a funnel-shaped diaphragm, consisting of a housing in front of the muzzle of the barrel, steel diaphragms with an opening for a bullet, inhibiting powder gases inside the muffler, while the design of the muffler is made with sound-absorbing inclusion in the form of a ring-shaped cavity with two metal pellets with a diameter millimeters located in a case of steel mesh with a window size of 1 × 1 mm (see RU patent for utility model No. 74698, 2008).

The disadvantage of this muffler of the sound of the shot is its low efficiency of muffling the sound of the shot, with an intense rate of fire, the muffler may overheat.

Known silencer for the sound of a shot containing a base for mounting on weapons and connected with it using longitudinal rods of the partition with holes for the passage of bullets, together forming a separator, which is externally covered by a casing, while the base has an internal chamber with a bullet hole and side windows, opposite which are made through grooves in the wall of the casing, and the separator rods are offset to the side of the inner chamber, and a glass is installed outside the casing, the walls of which form an additional volume with the casing m for the accumulation and retention of powder gas inside the muffler during the shot (see RU patent for the invention No. 2208755, M. Cl. F41A 21/30, 2003).

The disadvantage of this silencer is the sound of a shot:

- limited use due to muffler operating conditions.

So during intense firing, the powder gases washing the rods heat them to such an extent that they become ductile and can be deformed by the pressure created by the gas stream. Therefore, this technical solution can only be used in small arms with a mode of non-intense single firing.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed one is a shot silencer containing a base for mounting on weapons and connected to it by means of longitudinal rods of the partition with holes for the passage of the bullet, together forming a separator, which is closed outside by a casing, while the base has an internal chamber with a bullet hole and side windows opposite which through grooves are made in the wall of the casing, and the separator rods are offset to the side from the windows of the inner chamber, and a stack is installed outside the casing en, the walls of which form an additional volume with the casing for the accumulation and retention of powder gas inside the muffler during the shot (see Patent RU for the invention No. 2513342, M. Cl .: F41A 21/30, 2014).

The disadvantage of this muffler of the sound of the shot is its low efficiency of muffling the sound of the shot, with an intense rate of fire, the muffler may overheat.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the efficiency of silencing the sound of the shot and reducing the possibility of overheating of the muffler.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the silencer of the sound of the shot, at the exit of the glass, there is a diffuser with a heat shield having a bullet hole, the casing at the exit is equipped with a nozzle, an additional volume for accumulating, holding, cooling, reducing the speed and mixing of the powder gas with air in the process the shot formed by the walls of the glass and the casing is divided by partitions that act as stiffeners and cooling fins that form channels for the outflow of powder gases from the inner chambers and analges, the inlet windows of which are made in the glass and (or) in the base, for the passage of air from the external environment into the vacuum chamber formed by the walls of the glass and the casing.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the silencer a shot containing the base for mounting on weapons with a bullet hole and side windows, partitions with holes for the passage of a bullet that are externally covered by a casing, a glass mounted outside the casing, the walls of the glass form an additional volume with the casing for the accumulation and retention of powder gas inside the muffler during the shot, partitions with holes for the passage of the bullet are connected to the casing, together forming internal chambers with side windows, for the additional volume formed by the walls of the glass and the casing, which serves to accumulate, hold, cool, reduce the speed and mix the powder gas with air during the shot, is divided by partitions that act as stiffeners and cooling fins that form channels for the outflow of powder gases from the inner chambers through the side windows into the vacuum chamber, and the channels, the inlet windows of which are made in the glass and (or) in the base, for the passage of air from the external environment into the vacuum chamber, the vacuum chamber forms and the walls of the casing, at the outlet of which the nozzle is located, and the walls of the cup, at the outlet of which there is a diffuser with a heat shield having a bullet hole, the muffler may further comprise a compensating device, while the compensating device can be connected to the diffuser by an external surface the housing of the compensating device is made of cylindrical and (or) conical shape, the inner surface of the housing is located at angles to the glass and forms a space for changing the direction of the source gases, while the silencer channels can be corrugated or non-corrugated, while the silencer channels can be located along the axis of the barrel channel or at an angle to the axis of the barrel channel, while the silencer can be made corrugated, the walls of which form the channels located at an angle to the axis of the bore or along the axis of the bore.

As a result of the implementation of the technical concept, cooling is provided, increasing the time of the outflow of gases through the muffler, reducing the pressure of the gases at the outlet, ejecting the powder gases from the barrel bore and from the internal chambers of the muffler and, as a result, cooling the muffler itself.

The design of the proposed muffler is schematically illustrated by drawings, where:

in FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a silencer in a vertical plane;

in FIG. 2 - schematically shows the channels of the muffler in the deployed position, their location relative to each other;

in FIG. 3 - schematically shows the channels of the muffler in the deployed position, located at an angle to the axis of the bore and their different locations relative to each other;

in FIG. 4 - schematically shows a muffler with a compensating device (muzzle brake);

in FIG. 5 - schematically shows a silencer cup made of corrugated, the walls of which form channels located at an angle to the axis of the barrel channel;

in FIG. 6 - schematically shows the channels of the muffler in the deployed position, made corrugated.

The proposed silencer consists of the following elements:

- base 1 for mounting on weapons;

- partitions 2 with holes for the passage of a bullet;

- casing 3;

- separator 4;

- the first inner chamber 5;

- second inner chamber 6;

- third inner chamber 7;

- nozzle 8;

- a glass of 9;

- additional volume 10;

- vacuum chamber 11;

- ejector 12;

- diffuser 13;

- partitions 14;

- the first channel 15 for the expiration of powder gases;

- the second channel 16 for the expiration of the powder gases;

- the third channel 17 for the expiration of powder gases;

- the main channel 18 for the passage of air;

- the first channel 19 for the passage of air;

- the second channel 20 for the passage of air;

- the third channel 21 for the passage of air;

- side windows 22;

- barrel bore 23;

- compensating device 24, which can be called a muzzle brake;

- fastening 25 of the compensating device 24 to the glass 9;

- inlet windows 26 channels 18, 19, 20, 21;

- heat shield 27;

- housing 28 of the ejector 12.

The shot silencer contains a base 1 for mounting on weapons (weapons are not shown in the drawings) with a bullet hole and side windows (the numbers are not shown in the drawings). The partitions 2 with openings for the passage of the bullet are closed externally by the casing 3. The glass 9 is installed outside the casing 3. The walls of the glass 9 form an additional volume 10 with the casing 3 for accumulating and holding the powder gas inside the silencer during the shot. The partitions 2 with openings for the passage of the bullet are connected to the casing 3. The partitions 2 and the casing 3 together forming the inner chambers 5, 6, 7 with the side windows 22. The additional volume 10 formed by the walls of the glass 9 and the casing 3. The additional volume 10 serves for accumulation, retention, cooling, speed reduction and mixing of the powder gas with air during the shot. The additional volume 10 is divided by partitions 14 that perform the functions of stiffeners and cooling fins. Partitions 14 form channels 15, 16, 17 for the outflow of powder gases from the inner chambers 5, 6, 7 through the side windows 22 into the vacuum chamber 11 and channels 18, 19, 20, 21, inlet windows 26, which are made in a glass 9 and ( or) in the base 1, for air to pass from the external environment to the vacuum chamber 11. The vacuum chamber 11 is formed by the walls of the casing 3 and the walls of the glass 9. At the outlet of the casing 3 there is a nozzle 8. At the exit of the glass 9 there is a diffuser 13 with a heat shield 27 having bullet hole. The shot silencer may further comprise a compensating device 24. The compensating device 24 is connected to the diffuser 13 by a mount 25. The outer surface of the housing of the compensating device 24 is cylindrical and (or) conical in shape. The inner surface of the housing of the compensating device 24 is located at angles to the glass 9 and forms a space (the numbering is not shown in the drawings) to change the direction of gas outflow. The channels 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 of the muffler can be made corrugated or non-corrugated. The channels 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 of the silencer can be located along the axis of the bore or at an angle to the axis of the bore. The silencer glass 9 is corrugated, its walls of which form channels 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, located at an angle to the axis of the bore or along the axis of the bore.

The proposed silencer shot sound works as follows.

During the shot, when the bullet exits (not shown in the drawings) from the bore 23 (see Fig. 1), it passes through the first inner chamber 5 with side windows 22, powder gases flow through side windows 22 into an additional volume 10 of the first inner chamber 5, between the walls of the glass 9 with the casing 3, filling it. Channel 15 (see Fig. 2) of the first inner chamber 5 is formed by partitions 14, which are stiffeners and cooling fins, powder gases partially fill it. With further movement of the bullet (see Fig. 1), it passes through the second inner chamber 6, the powder gases, through the side windows 22, rush into the additional volume 10 of the second inner chamber 6, filling it. The powder gases (see Fig. 2) partially fill the channel 16 of the second inner chamber 6, while the channel 15 of the first inner chamber 5 is completely filled with powder gases. With further movement of the bullet (see Fig. 1), it passes through the third inner chamber 7 of the powder gases, through the side windows 22, rush into the additional volume 10 of the third inner chamber 7, filling it. The powder gases (see Fig. 2) partially fill the channel 17 of the third inner chamber 7, while the second channel 16 of the inner chamber 6 is completely filled with powder gases, and in the channel 15 of the first inner chamber 5, the powder gases break out from the channel 15 of the first inner chamber 5 creating the vacuum between the partitions 14 of the channel 15 and the first channel 19 for the passage of air, as a result of which there is a suction of atmospheric pressure air with the ambient temperature.

The bullet flies beyond the dimensions of the muffler (see Fig. 1), passing through the body 28 of the ejector 12 connected to the cup 9, the ejector 12 with a heat shield 27, while the powder gases rush through the nozzle 8 into the ejector 12, creating a vacuum in the vacuum chamber 11. Air is sucked in. atmospheric pressure with the ambient temperature through the inlet windows of 26 channels 18, 19, 20, 21 through channels 18, 19, 20, 21 and powder gases from the inner chambers 5, 6, 7 through channels 15, 16, 17 and the powder is cooled gases, increase the time of the expiration of gases through the muffler, mixing of burnt gas with air in a vacuum chamber 11, gas dispersion using a diffuser 13 and a heat shield 27, reducing the gas pressure at the outlet of the muffler. Using the ejector 12, the ejection of powder gases from the bore 23, the inner chambers 5, 6, 7, the cooling of the muffler takes place.

In this case, the channels 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 of the muffler (see Fig. 3) can be located at an angle to the axis of the bore 23 to increase the area of stiffeners (increase in structural rigidity), the area of cooling fins ( increase in heat transfer) and the length of the channels 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21. The location of the channels 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 can be different relative to each other, for example: 18, 15, 19, 16, 20, 17, 21, 18, 15, 19, 16, 20, 17, 21 in order to optimize the heating and cooling sections of the silencer structure. The inlet windows 26 of the channels 18, 19, 20, 21 (see Fig. 4) can be made in a glass 9 and (or) in the base 1.

In this case, the muffler (see Fig. 4) may additionally contain a compensating device 24, fixed by attaching 25 to the glass 9. The compensating device 24 is designed to change the direction, velocity of the outflow of gases and reduce recoil during firing using the kinetic energy of the gases. The compensating device 24 additionally performs the function of a heat shield, partially overlaps and changes the direction of the gases leaving the diffuser 13.

At the same time, the silencer cup 9 (see Fig. 5) can be corrugated, the walls of which form channels 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 located at an angle to the axis of the barrel channel to increase: structural rigidity, increase heat transfer.

At the same time, the channels 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 of the muffler (see Fig. 6) can be corrugated to increase: the area of stiffeners (increase in structural rigidity), the area of cooling fins (increase heat transfer), increase the transit time powder gases due to an increase in resistance to the movement of gases through channels 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21.

The high efficiency of silencing the sound of the shot and reducing the possibility of overheating of the muffler is the advantage and advantage of the proposed technical solution.

Claims (9)

1. A muffler for the sound of a shot containing a base for mounting on weapons with a bullet hole and side windows, partitions with holes for the passage of a bullet that are externally covered by a casing, a glass installed outside the casing, the glass walls form an additional volume with the casing for accumulating and holding powder gas inside the muffler during the shot, characterized in that the partitions with openings for the passage of the bullet are connected to the casing, together forming internal chambers with side windows, an additional volume formed cups and a casing, which serves to accumulate, hold, cool, reduce the speed and mix powder gas with air during the shot, separated by partitions that act as stiffeners and cooling fins that form channels for the outflow of powder gases from the inner chambers through the side windows in a vacuum chamber, and channels, the inlet windows of which are made in a glass and (or) in the base, for air to pass from the external environment to the vacuum chamber, the vacuum chamber is formed by the walls of the casing, at the outlet of which The nozzle is located, and the walls of the glass, at the outlet of which there is a diffuser with a heat shield having a bullet hole. 2. The muffler according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a compensating device. 3. The muffler according to claim 2, characterized in that the compensator device is connected to the diffuser by a fastener, the outer surface of the compensator device is cylindrical and (or) conical in shape, the inner surface of the body is located at angles to the glass and forms a space for changing the direction of flow gases. 4. The silencer according to claim 1, characterized in that the silencer channels are corrugated. 5. The silencer according to claim 1, characterized in that the silencer channels are non-corrugated. 6. The muffler according to paragraphs. 4, 5, characterized in that the silencer channels are located along the axis of the barrel channel. 7. The muffler according to paragraphs. 4, 5, characterized in that the silencer channels are located at an angle to the axis of the barrel channel. 8. A silencer according to claim 1, characterized in that the silencer glass is corrugated, the walls of which form channels that are located at an angle to the axis of the barrel channel. 9. A silencer according to claim 1, characterized in that the silencer glass is corrugated, the walls of which form channels located along the axis of the barrel channel.

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