RU2366821C1 - Heat-pipe axial engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to machine building. Proposed engine comprises evaporation chamber, its inside being coated with wick from inside. Top face wall of aforesaid chamber is coated with porous material strips. The said chamber houses perforated separation shield, final section of pressure line with nozzle and working chamber, in contact with hot medium and separated from it by wick. Aforesaid working chamber accommodates housing with power turbine, its impeller and feed pump rotor being fitted on turbine shaft. Working chamber houses also cylindrical tank communicating with wink via perforated walls, condensation chamber, also coated with wink to make continuation of aforesaid wink, also in contact with cold medium. Evaporation chamber accommodates pressure pipeline. Aforesaid feed pump communicates with pressure pipeline, its housing being arranged in cylindrical tank. The cylindrical tank bottom is arranged on power turbine housing top wall. The shaft furnished with impeller and linked with working member passes through evaporation chamber, along its lengthwise axis and through bottom face wall center.

EFFECT: higher reliability and efficiency.

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Description

The present invention relates to power engineering and can be used for the disposal of secondary thermal energy and low potential thermal energy of natural sources, namely, the transformation of thermal energy into mechanical.

A device (heat engine) for heat recovery of a fire-fighting unit is known, comprising a steam generator (evaporation chamber) connected in series to each other, connected to a fire-fighting unit (hot medium), a power turbine placed in a housing (working chamber), a condenser (evaporation chamber), and a feed pump, heater and air heat exchanger [1].

The disadvantages of the known device (heat engine) are the inability to utilize low-potential secondary thermal energy resources, the heat resources of natural sources, the bulkiness of the structure, the inability to create reciprocating motion, which narrows its scope and reduces efficiency.

Closer to the proposed invention is a heat pipe engine containing an evaporation chamber placed inside one housing, covered with a wick from the inside, the end wall of which is covered with strips of porous material from the inside, inside which there is a perforated separation element (shield), an end section of the pressure pipe with a nozzle, and located in contact with hot medium, separated from it by a partition adiabatic-isentropic (working) chamber, filled with a wick, in which the housing with the housing a power turbine mounted on a shaft passing along the axis of the cross section of the engine casing, a cylindrical tank with perforated walls, a feed pump, the rotor of which is also mounted on a shaft located together with the initial section of the pressure pipe outside the engine casing, the condensation chamber, also covered inside with a wick, which is a continuation of the wick of the evaporation chamber, and in contact with a cold medium [2].

The main disadvantages of the known heat pipe engine are the design complexity due to the location of the feed pump and the initial section of the pressure pipe outside the housing, the inability to create a torque to the working body on the longitudinal axis of the engine housing and the low rate of condensation of the working fluid vapor in the condensation chamber due to the formation of a condensate film on the inner surface lower end wall, which creates additional thermal resistance, which reduces its reliability and efficiency.

The technical result, the solution of which the invention is directed, is to increase the reliability and efficiency of the heat pipe engine.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the heat pipe axial engine (TTOD) includes an evaporation chamber placed inside one housing, covered with a wick from the inside, the upper end wall of which is covered with strips of porous material, inside of which there is a perforated separation shield, the end section of the pressure pipe with nozzle and located in contact with a hot medium, a working chamber separated from it by a partition, filled with a wick, in which a housing with a power turbine placed in it is placed, the working the wheel of which and the rotor of the feed pump are mounted on the shaft, a cylindrical tank communicating through perforated walls with a wick, a condensation chamber also internally covered with a wick, which is a continuation of the wick of the working chamber, and in contact with a cold medium, and the entire pressure pipe is placed inside the evaporation chamber , inside the working chamber along the longitudinal axis of the engine casing from top to bottom on the shaft, a feed pump is connected alternately to the pressure pipe, the casing of which is located in a cylindrical tank, the bottom of which is adjacent to the upper wall of the power turbine housing, and inside the condensation chamber along its longitudinal axis and the center of the lower end wall there is a shaft equipped with a propeller and connected externally to the working body.

The work of the proposed TTOD is based on the main cycle of the steam power plant - the Rankine cycle, according to which the positive work of steam expansion in the turbine significantly exceeds the negative work of the condensate compression pump [3, p. 117] and the high efficiency of heat transfer in heat pipes due to high values heat transfer coefficient in the processes of evaporation and condensation [4, p.146], which are divided into three sections: the evaporation zone (heat input), the adiabatic zone (heat transfer) and the condensation zone (heat removal), p covered inside the wick and partly filled with hydraulic fluid - heat carrier, which are used as water, alcohols, freons, liquid metals, etc. [5, p.106].

Figure 1 presents a General view, figure 2, 3 is a transverse section of the proposed TTOD.

The heatpipe axial engine consists of a casing 1, internally covered with a wick 2, with an upper 3 and a lower 4 end walls, inside of which, in the direction of steam, are located: an evaporation chamber 5, the inner surface of the end wall 3 of which is covered with strips of porous material 6 connected to the wick 2 in which the pressure pipe 7 with the nozzle 8 and the perforated separation shield 9 are located; a working chamber 11 separated from the evaporation chamber 5 by a baffle 10, inside which a feed pump 13 is placed centrally from top to bottom on the shaft 12, connected to a pressure pipe 7, the housing of which is located in a cylindrical tank 14, the perforated side walls of which are in contact with the wick 2, the power wheel turbine 15, placed in the housing 16, connected to the evaporation chamber 5 by a steam nozzle 17, covered by a separation shield 9, and crushed steam pipe 18 with a condensation chamber 19, along the longitudinal axis of which and the center of the lower the end wall passes the shaft 12, equipped with a propeller 20 and connected externally with a working body (not shown).

The proposed TTOD works as follows.

Previously, before starting work, air is removed from the chambers 5, 11 and 19 of the TTOD, and the working fluid is pumped, which is selected depending on the temperature potential of the cold and hot media (nozzles for removing air and supplying the working fluid are not shown in figures 1, 2, 3 ) in an amount sufficient to fill the pore volume of the wick 2, the pressure pipe 7 and the cylindrical reservoir of the working fluid 14, after which the housing 1 TTOD is installed vertically so that the evaporation chamber 5 is in contact with the hot medium, condensation This chamber 19 is cold. As a result of heating of the end face 3, the working fluid evaporates in the grooves between the strips of the porous material 6, which prevents the formation of a vapor film on the inner surface of the end face and, thus, intensifies the evaporation process [6, p.22], steam is formed, pressure is created in the evaporation chamber 5, the resulting steam, passing through the perforated separation shield 9, is freed from entrained drops of the working fluid, which are discarded on the surface of the wick 2 and transported back to the evaporation zone, through the steam the nozzle 17 enters the wheel blades of the power turbine 15, rotating it together with the shaft 12, which communicates rotational motion to the rotor of the feed pump 13, the propeller 20 and the torque M at the working end of the shaft 12, as a result of which isoentropic heat loss occurs in the turbine housing 16 with a simultaneous decrease in its temperature and pressure [3, p.331], after which the exhaust steam through the crushed steam pipe 18 enters the condensation chamber 19, where the vapor pressure decreases as a result of its further expansion and it condenses due to contact of the outer surface of the lower end wall 4 with a cold medium. In this case, due to the rotation of the propeller 20, which swirls and directs the steam flow to the inner surface of the lower end wall 4, a centrifugal force arises in the rotating steam flow, which breaks the condensate formed from the inner surface of the end wall 4, preventing the formation of a liquid film there, and discards it on wick 2, resulting in a sharp increase in the rate of heat transfer between steam and cold medium and, accordingly, a multiple increase in the rate of condensation. The condensate formed is absorbed by the wick 2, from where it is transported adiabatically [5, p.106] to the cylindrical reservoir of the working fluid 14 under the influence of capillary forces and vacuum created by the pump 13, from where it is pumped through the pressure pipe 7 and the nozzle 9 under pressure, the value of which is determined working pressure of steam in the evaporation chamber 5, the working fluid is sprayed on the inner surface of the end wall 3, evaporates from the surface of the grooves 6 and in accordance with the above process, the cycle is repeated.

Thus, the proposed TTOD provides reliable and efficient production of mechanical energy due to the utilization of secondary thermal energy resources of various potentials (energy from waste water, exhaust gases, etc.), heat resources of natural sources (energy from the sun, water, etc.) in form of rotational motion.

LITERATURE

1. A.S. No. 769038, Ml. F01K 17/06, 1980.

2. RF patent No. 2287709, Mcl. F01K 25/00, 2006.

3. I.N.Sushkin. Heat engineering. - M.: Metallurgy, 1973, 480 p.

4. A.N. Planovsky, P.I. Nikolayev. Processes and devices of chemical and petrochemical technology. - M.: Chemistry, 1987, 496 p.

5. V.V. Kharitonov et al. Secondary heat and energy resources and environmental protection. Minsk, Higher. School, 1988, 170 p.

6. Heat pipes and heat exchangers: from science to practice. Sat scientific tr M., 1990, 157 p.

Claims (1)

A heatpipe axial engine, which includes an evaporation chamber placed inside one housing, covered with a wick from the inside, the upper end wall of which is covered with strips of porous material, inside of which there is a perforated separation shield, the end section of the pressure pipe with the nozzle and in contact with the hot medium, separated from a partition with a working chamber filled with a wick, in which a housing with a power turbine placed in it is placed, the impeller of which and the rotor of the feed pump pressed onto the shaft, a cylindrical tank communicating through the perforated walls with the wick, the condensation chamber, also internally covered with a wick, which is a continuation of the wick of the working chamber, and in contact with the cold medium, characterized in that the entire pressure pipe is placed inside the evaporation chamber, inside the working chambers along the longitudinal axis of the engine casing from top to bottom on the shaft are alternately placed a feed pump connected to a pressure pipe, the casing of which is located in a cylindrical tank, days e is placed on the upper wall of the casing of the power turbine and power turbine wheel and inside of the condensing chamber along its longitudinal axis and the center of the bottom end wall of the shaft extends, and provided with a propeller externally coupled with the working body.

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