RU2320879C1 - Coaxial-face thermal tube engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: invention refers to heat power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: coaxial-face thermal tube engine has evaporation chamber whose inner surface is covered with grate out of porous material connected with separator connected with transport chamber also connected with ring casing provided with ring bead inside which there is cylindrical body connected with it through ring packing with screw on external surface which together form feed screw pump. Inside cylindrical body there are in-series placed working chamber in which power turbines rigidly fixed to inner surface of wall of working chamber on normal to it are installed separated from it with washer condensing chamber with wick on inner surface of lateral wall communicating with feed pump connected with evaporation chamber by forcing pipeline having spraying arrangement and passing through cavity of transport chamber.

EFFECT: allows increase efficiency of thermal engine.

3 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a power system and can be used for the disposal of secondary thermal energy and low-potential thermal energy of natural sources, namely, for the transformation of thermal energy into mechanical.

Known steam turbine installation containing a steam turbine, a condenser connected to a drain and pressure pipelines and by condensate to a condensate pump, circulation pumps and a heat accumulator [1].

The disadvantages of the known steam turbine installation are the inability during its operation to use secondary thermal energy and natural sources of low potential heat.

Closer to the proposed invention is a device (heat engine) for recovering heat from a fire-fighting unit, comprising a steam generator (evaporation chamber) connected in series to each other, connected to a fire-fighting unit (hot medium), a power turbine placed in a housing (working chamber), and a condenser ( evaporation chamber), feed pump, heater and air heat exchanger [2].

The main disadvantages of the known device (heat engine) are the inability to utilize low-potential secondary thermal energy resources, the heat resources of natural sources, the bulkiness of the structure and the inability to work when changing the orientation in space, which narrows the scope of its application and, ultimately, reduces its effectiveness.

The technical problem to which the invention is directed is to increase the efficiency of the heat engine.

The task is implemented in a coaxial-end heat pipe engine (KTTTD), which contains a sequentially located evaporation chamber in contact with the hot medium, a working chamber, a condensation chamber in contact with the cold medium, a feed pump, and the evaporation chamber, the inner surface of the end face and the side walls of which are covered with a grill made of a thin layer of porous material, equipped with a separator and rigidly connected to a transport chamber made of rigid and and flexible material, which is also rigidly connected to an annular cage provided with an annular collar, inside of which a cylindrical housing is coaxially placed, connected to it through O-rings with a screw on the outer surface, which together form a feed screw pump, with a suction and pressure annular chambers, and inside the cylindrical body, a working chamber is arranged sequentially, in which power turbines are arranged coaxially one after another, rigidly fixed by the peripheral edges of the blades to the inner surface of the wall of the working chamber normal to it, and a condensation chamber separated from it by a washer with a wick on the inner surface of the side wall communicating through openings in it with a suction chamber of the feed pump connected to the evaporation chamber by a pressure pipe made of rigid or flexible material, equipped with a spray device and passing through the cavity of the transport chamber.

Figure 1 - 4 presents the proposed coaxial-end heat pipe engine (KTTTD).

KTTTD contains located along the direction of steam: the evaporation chamber 1, made in the form of a cylindrical cap, equipped with a separator 2, the inner surface of the end of the side walls of which are covered with a grid 3 made of a thin layer of porous material, rigidly connected to the transport chamber 4, of rigid or flexible material, which is also rigidly connected to the annular casing 5, provided with an annular collar 6, inside of which a cylindrical housing 7 is coaxially placed, connected to it through O-rings 8, 9, a screw 10 on the outer surface, which together form a feed screw pump 11 with a suction and pressure annular chambers 12 and 13, and inside the housing 7 there are successively located a working chamber 14, in which power turbines 15, 16 are arranged coaxially next to each other, rigidly fixed by peripheral edges the blades to the inner surface of the wall of the working chamber 14 normal to it, and the condensation chamber 18 separated from it by the washer 17 with a wick 19 on the inner surface of the side wall communicating through openings 20 to a suction chamber 12, a feed pump 11 connected to the evaporation chamber 1 the feed line 21 equipped with a spray device 22 and housed within the transport chamber 4.

The work of the proposed KTTTD is based on the main cycle of a steam power plant - the Rankine cycle, according to which the positive work of steam expansion in the turbine significantly exceeds the negative work of the condensate compression pump [3, p. 117], the device and principle of operation of a screw pump [4, p. 347 ] and high efficiency of heat transfer in heat pipes, which are divided into three sections: the evaporation zone (heat supply), the adiabatic zone (heat transfer) and the condensation zone (heat removal), covered from the inside with a wick and partially filled with whose heat carrier fluid, which is used water, alcohols, freons, liquid metals, etc. [5, p.106].

The proposed CTTTD works as follows.

Previously, the working body of the actuator, for example the rotor of an electric generator, pump, compressor, etc., is attached to the outer surface of the end face of the condensation chamber 18 (not shown in Figs. 1-4), so that the flow of cold medium as a result of rotation of the rotor is turbulized and, thus, the heat transfer process during condensation of the working fluid steam in the condensation chamber 18 is significantly intensified. Before starting work from chambers 1, 4 , 14, 18 КТТТД remove the air and fill the wick 19, the porous material of the grill 3, the cavity of the feed pump 11 and the pressure pipe 21 with a working fluid, which is selected depending on the temperature potential of cold and hot media (nozzle for air removal and supplying the working fluid (not shown in Figs. 1-4), after which the CTDT is set so that the evaporation chamber 1 is in contact with the hot medium and the condensation chamber 18 is in cold contact. As a result of heating the end of the evaporation chamber 1, the working fluid from its inner surface, and the presence of the porous material of the lattice 3 on the inner surface of the end face and side walls prevents the formation of a vapor film and, thus, intensifies the evaporation process [6, p.22], and also helps capture transporting unevaporated droplets of working fluid in the evaporation zone. The resulting vapor with a pressure equal to the pressure developed by the feed pump 11 passes through the separator 2, is freed from entrained drops of the working fluid, and the porous material of the grating 3 absorbs these drops and again transports them to the evaporation zone. The cleaned steam passes through the transport chamber 4 and enters the working chamber 14 on the blades of successive power turbines 15, 16, rotating the cylindrical body 7 and, accordingly, communicates the rotational movement to the screw 10 of the feed pump 11 and the torque M to the rotor of the actuator, resulting in the feed pump 11 moves the working fluid and creates the required pressure in it, and the actuator performs useful work, after which isentropic heat loss occurs in the cavity of the working chamber 14 steam with a simultaneous decrease in its temperature and pressure [3, p.331]. Then, the exhausted crushed steam enters the rotating condensation chamber 18, the pressure in which is much lower than in the evaporation chamber 1, condenses there by contacting the outer surface of the chamber 11 with a cold medium, and the condensation rate increases significantly as a result of turbulization of the cold medium flow, after which formed condensate of the working fluid under the action of centrifugal force resulting from the rotation of the evaporation chamber is discarded to the periphery, making room for condensation new portions of steam and reducing the thickness of the condensate film, which also increases the condensation rate [3, p.172] and is absorbed by the wick 19. From the wick 19, the working fluid under the influence of capillary forces and rarefaction in the suction chamber 12 by the pump 11 enters the pressure chamber 13 the pressure pipe 21 and is sprayed by the device 22 under pressure, the value of which determines the working pressure of the vapor in the evaporation chamber 1. In the chamber 1, the working fluid is sprayed in such a way that it is not only distributed on its inner surface to the end wall, but also to the side walls, thereby increasing the heat transfer surface and, accordingly, its speed, as a result of which the above-described process of evaporation takes place, cleaning the formed vapor from drops of the working fluid and then the cycle repeats. Moreover, if the transport chamber 4 and the pressure pipe 21 are made of flexible material, then you can change the spatial orientation of the condensation chamber 18 and, accordingly, the actuator, regardless of the orientation of the evaporation chamber 1.

Thus, the proposed KTTTD provides the possibility of obtaining mechanical and electrical energy due to the utilization of secondary thermal energy resources of various potentials (energy of waste water, exhaust gases, etc.), heat resources of natural sources (energy of the sun, water, etc.) at any orientation in space, which ensures its high efficiency in a variety of situations.

LITERATURE

1. A.S. No. 1574842, Ml. F01K 17/04, 1990.

2. A.S. No. 769038, Ml. F01K 17/06, 1980.

3. I.N.Sushkin. Heat engineering. - M.: Metallurgy, 1973, 480 p.

4. T.M. Bashta et al. Hydraulics, hydraulic machines and hydraulic drives. - M: Mechanical Engineering, 1982, 424 p.

5. V.V. Kharitonov et al. Secondary heat and energy resources and environmental protection. - Minsk: Higher School, 1988, 170 p.

6. Heat pipes and heat exchangers: from science to practice. Collection of scientific tr - M .: 1990, 157 p.

Claims (3)

1. Coaxial-end heat pipe engine (KTTTD), comprising a sequentially arranged evaporation chamber in contact with a hot medium, a working chamber, a condensation chamber in contact with a cold medium, a feed pump with a pipe, characterized in that the evaporation chamber is internal the surface of the end face and side walls of which are covered with a lattice made of a thin layer of porous material, is equipped with a separator and is rigidly connected to the transport chamber, which is also rigidly connected to a ring cage equipped with an annular collar, inside of which a cylindrical housing is coaxially placed, connected to it through ring seals with a screw on the outer surface, which together form a feed screw pump, with a suction and pressure annular chambers, and a working chamber is sequentially located inside the cylindrical casing, in which power turbines are coaxially arranged one after another, rigidly fixed by the peripheral edges of the blades to the inner surface of the working chamber wall according to the normal thereto and separated from it by a washer condensation chamber with the wick on the inner surface of the side wall, communicating through openings therein with a feed pump suction chamber connected to the evaporation chamber feed line provided with a spray device and passing through the cavity of the transport chamber. 2. The coaxial-end heat pipe engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the transport chamber and the pressure pipe are made of rigid material. 3. The coaxial-end heat pipe engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the transport chamber and the pressure pipe are made of flexible material.

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