RU2364726C2 - Turbo-piston engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to machine building. Turbo-piston engine comprises rotor, piston and valve. Toothed gear on rotor shaft is fixed with toothed gear of identical diametre at valve shaft. Under action of potential energy of working fluid piston may move in cylinder relative to fixed body and directly transfer rotational motion to rotor with shaft without intermediate gears. Rotor fixed in shaft has cylindrical shape and is placed into cylindrical body. Piston fixed in rotor along circumference is placed into expansion of cylindrical body - in cylinder with valve of cylindrical shape. Piston side that may be affected by working fluid pressure has rectangular shape. Valve of cylindrical shape fixed on shaft and placed into opening in cylinder may rotate in cylinder. There is a minimum gap between valve and rotor. Valve may create closed space in cylinder between piston and valve. Valve has cut along circumference for piston passing under valve and channel of working fluid supply, passing through valve shaft. When channel of working fluid supply on valve shaft is combined with opening of working fluid supply tube coming from working fluid accumulator, working fluid with working fluid supply tap open may be supplied into closed space of cylinder between valve and piston. Per single stroke "Working stroke", piston turns rotor with shaft at the angle of more 300 degrees under action of working fluid energy.

EFFECT: development of turbo-piston engine.

4 cl, 7 dwg

Description

1. The name of the invention.

"Turbo piston engine." Next is the Invention.

2. The technical field to which the invention relates.

The invention mainly relates to the field of engineering.

3. The prior art.

The following devices are known from the prior art for converting the energy of a working fluid into mechanical work.

An engine is an energy-powered machine that converts any type of energy into mechanical work. Depending on the type of engine, operation can be obtained from a rotating rotor, a reciprocating moving piston, or from a jet apparatus. Engines drive working machines, vehicles of land, water, air and space purposes, industrial and technological installations, utilities and household appliances. Engines that directly convert natural energy resources into mechanical energy are called primary.

The source of information:

Great Soviet Encyclopedia. Volume 7. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1975. - P.574.

A piston machine is a device in which the piston performs the main functions of converting the energy of the working fluid. When it moves along with the change in the volume of the chamber, which it forms with the cylinder of the piston machine, the parameters change - pressure, temperature of the working fluid. During the operation of a piston machine, the energy of the working fluid can decrease or increase. The inlet and outlet of the working fluid into the cylinder of the piston machine are controlled by a switchgear using valves, spools or the piston itself.

The piston machine is characterized by cyclical and intermittent workflow. In most piston machines, the piston is connected to the crankshaft by a crank mechanism by which the reciprocating movement of the piston is converted into rotational movement of the shaft. Due to the cyclical nature of the work process and the presence of a crank mechanism, piston machines are not as fast as blade machines, they have a large specific gravity and large friction losses.

The source of information:

Great Soviet Encyclopedia. Volume 20. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1975. - P.404.

A piston is a movable part of a piston machine, overlapping the cross section of its cylinder and moving in the direction of its axis. In engines, power cylinders, presses, the piston transfers the pressure of the working fluid to the moving parts.

The source of information:

Great Soviet Encyclopedia. Volume 20. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1975. - P.404.

A steam engine is a primary piston engine in which the potential energy of compressed water vapor is converted into mechanical work.

The source of information:

Great Encyclopedic Dictionary. Polytechnic. - M .: Big Encyclopedic Dictionary, 2000. - P.360.

A turbine is a primary engine with a purely rotational movement of the working body - the rotor and a continuous working process that converts the kinetic energy of the supplied working fluid — steam, gas or water — into mechanical work.

First of all, the steam turbine began to displace the outdated steam engine. It allowed converting steam energy into rotational motion of the shaft directly, without intermediate gears, and therefore had an efficiency much higher than that of a steam engine.

The source of information:

1. The Great Soviet Encyclopedia. Volume 26. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1975. - P.320.

2. Dyatchin N.I. History of the development of technology: Textbook. - Rostov n / a: Phoenix, 2001 .-- P.219.

Wankel engine - a rotary piston internal combustion engine, the design of which was developed in 1957 by engineer F. Wankel. A feature of the engine is the use of a rotating rotor-piston located inside the cylinder, the surface of which is made according to the epitrochoid. The rotor mounted on the shaft is rigidly connected to the gear wheel, which engages with the fixed gear. A rotor with a gear wheel rolls around a gear. At the same time, its faces glide over the epitrochoidal surface of the cylinder and cut off the variable volumes of the chambers in the cylinder. This design allows for a 4-stroke cycle without the use of a special gas distribution mechanism. The sealing of the chambers is provided by radial and end sealing plates, pressed against the cylinder by centrifugal forces, gas pressure and belt springs.

The source of information:

Great Soviet Encyclopedia. Volume 4. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1975. - P.289, 290.

An analogue of this Invention is the engine described in US Pat. No. 8,178,114 by Karl Stahlgren in 1906.

The main similarities of this Invention to the Karl Stahlgren engine:

1. The piston rotates inside the cylinder.

2. The valve is cylindrical in shape.

3. The gear wheel on the rotor shaft is engaged with the gear wheel of the same diameter on the valve shaft.

4. The piston under the action of the potential energy of the working fluid can move in the cylinder relative to the stationary body and directly transmit rotational motion to the rotor without intermediate gears.

Disadvantages of the Karl Stahlgren engine:

1. The diameter of the piston rotation is equal to the diameter of the valve, which negatively affects the engine power.

2. The piston has seven sides in contact with the walls of the cylinder, which impairs the tightness of the cylinder.

3. The cylindrical valve has two cutouts, one for skipping the piston, and the second for supplying the working fluid, which increases the angle of rotation of the piston in the cylinder at idle.

4. A cylindrical valve in the body rotates on a fixed sleeve, which negatively affects the life of the engine and the use of various working fluids for the operation of the engine.

1. The invention.

The invention is directed to the creation of a turbo-piston engine mainly for vehicles:

1) capable of converting, like a turbine, the energy of the working fluid into the rotational movement of the shaft directly, without intermediate gears;

2) with a piston rotating in a cylinder with a valve fixed around the circumference on a cylindrical rotor;

3) with a rotary valve to adjust the supply and exhaust of the working fluid.

The purpose of the invention is the expansion of the arsenal of technical means: engines for converting the energy of the working fluid - steam, gas, compressed air into mechanical work.

The essential features characterizing the invention are:

1. Under the action of the energy of the working fluid, the piston in the cylinder performs only rotational motion, and the potential energy of the working fluid is converted into mechanical work.

2. In one cycle "stroke" under the influence of the energy of the working fluid, the piston mounted on the rotor rotates the rotor with the shaft at an angle of more than 300 °.

3. Significantly high torque at the beginning of the stroke.

4. Effective operation at a working fluid pressure below average.

5. Reliability and long engine life.

6. Obtaining a large aggregate power by increasing the diameter of the rotor, the area of the piston, the pressure of the working fluid and the number of cylinders with a piston.

7. The ability to work stably at very low rotor speeds with high torque.

8. If there are two cylinders with a piston at any time during the supply of the working fluid in one of the cylinders will be a stroke.

9. The ability to work on water vapor obtained by the method described in patent No. RU 225104 C2 "Method for producing steam from water in a steam engine".

10. The ability to work on gas obtained from the combustion of gasoline, natural gas, diesel fuel, alcohol outside the turbo-piston engine.

11. The ability to work on an environmentally friendly working fluid - on compressed air.

12. When a turbo piston engine operates on compressed air, where electricity is used to compress air, it is generated by environmentally friendly sources, such as a hydroelectric power station, a wind power station, and a solar battery, and the atmosphere is not polluted.

Thus, a turbo-piston engine containing a rotor placed in a cylindrical body, a piston mounted on the rotor and placed in the broadening of the cylindrical body - in a cylinder with a cylindrical valve, a gear wheel on the rotor shaft is engaged with a gear wheel of the same diameter on the valve shaft, and a piston under the potential energy of the working fluid can move in the cylinder relative to the stationary body and directly transmit rotational motion to the rotor with the shaft without intermediate gears , characterized in that the rotor mounted on the shaft has a cylindrical shape and is placed in a cylindrical body, the piston mounted on the rotor around the circumference is placed in the broadening of the cylindrical body - in a cylinder with a cylindrical valve, the piston side on which the working pressure can exert the body has a rectangular shape, a valve of cylindrical shape, mounted on a shaft and placed in a hole in the cylinder, can rotate in the cylinder, there is minimal clearance between the valve and the rotor, the valve can create a closed gap the space in the cylinder between the piston and the valve, the valve has a circumferential cutout for the piston to pass under the valve and the working fluid supply channel passing through the valve shaft when the working fluid supply channel on the valve shaft is combined with the working fluid supply pipe hole coming from the working medium accumulator , the working fluid with the open valve for supplying the working fluid can enter the closed space of the cylinder between the valve and the piston, the piston under the action of the potential energy of the working fluid can move in the cylinder relative to the movable housing and directly transmit the rotational movement to the rotor shaft without intermediate gear.

A diagram of a single-cylinder turbo-piston engine is shown in cross section in figure 1, in a longitudinal section in figure 2, and a diagram of a two-cylinder turbo-piston engine is presented in cross section in figure 3, in longitudinal section in figure 4,

where: 1 - turbo-piston engine housing;

2 - a cylindrical rotor;

3 - rotor shaft;

4 - cylinder — cylindrical broadening in the turbo-piston engine housing, cylinder ends are closed and with the engine housing constitute a rigid structure;

5 - piston, the piston side on which the working fluid can exert pressure, has a rectangular shape;

6 - valve body;

7 - a valve of cylindrical shape;

8 - circumferential cutout on the valve;

9 - valve shaft;

10 - channel for supplying a working fluid;

11 - a gear wheel;

12 - the supply pipe of the working fluid, connected to the accumulator of the working fluid, the accumulator of the working fluid - a cylinder filled with compressed air, gas, steam, depending on the choice of the working fluid;

13 - crane supply of the working fluid;

14 - hole for the release of the working fluid;

15 - flywheel.

The single-cylinder turbo piston engine shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 operates as follows.

The rotor 2 is placed in a cylindrical housing 1, the ends of the cylindrical housing are closed. In the middle of the cylindrical body 1, where the rotor 2 rotates, there is a cylindrical broadening - cylinder 4, where the piston 5 rotates, mounted on the rotor 2.

In the upper part of the cylinder 4 there is an opening where the valve 7 is placed on the shaft 9.

Between the rotary valve 7 and the rotary rotor 2 there is a minimum clearance. The torque from the rotor shaft 3 to the valve shaft 9 is transmitted through gears 11 of the same diameter. The piston 5 rotates the rotor 2 clockwise, and the valve 7 rotates counterclockwise. The valve 7 has a cutout 8 around the circumference for the passage of the piston 5 under the rotating valve 7 and the release of the working fluid after the stroke. When the piston 5, rotating in the cylinder 4, passes under the rotary valve 7 and the cutout 8 of the valve passes the rotary rotor 2, the valve 7 closes the open space between the rotor 2 and the valve 7 as shown in Fig. 1. In the cylinder 4 between the valve 7, the wall of the cylinder 4, the ends of which are closed, the piston 5 and the rotor 2 creates a closed space. At this moment, the opening of the working fluid supply channel 10 on the shaft 9 is aligned with the opening of the working fluid supply pipe 12 coming from the working fluid accumulator, and when the working fluid supply valve 13 is open, the working fluid enters the closed space of the cylinder between the valve 7 and the piston 5 through the channel 10 feed the working fluid. The working fluid is supplied for a time of 15 ° rotation of the piston 5 and the rotor 2 clockwise. In a closed space in the cylinder 4 between the valve 7 by the piston 5, the working fluid expands and moves the piston 5 around the circumference of the cylinder 4, and the piston 5, mounted on the rotor 2, rotates the rotor 2 with the shaft 3.

The piston 5 under the pressure of the working fluid in the cylinder 4 in one cycle "stroke" moves at an angle of more than 300 °, while rotating the rotor 2 with the shaft 3 of the rotor at the same angle.

At the end of the stroke, rotating counterclockwise, the circumferential cutout on the valve 7 approaches the rotor 2 in the cylinder 4 and opens a closed space in the cylinder 4 between the valve 7 and the piston 5.

The release of the working fluid after the stroke "stroke" occurs during the time during which the piston 5 and rotor 2 are rotated at an angle of 50 ° clockwise.

So on, the “stroke” and “exhaust” cycles alternate in the cylinder 4 with the piston 5 and valve 7. An electric motor is used to start the movement of the rotor, piston and valve.

Parts that rotate are balanced. The tightness of the cylinder 4 is achieved by precise manufacturing and sealing of parts.

The phase diagram of the gas distribution in the cylinder of a turbo-piston engine is shown in Fig.5.

A special case is a twin-cylinder turbo piston engine.

In Fig.3 and Fig.4 presents a diagram of a two-cylinder turbo-piston engine.

The battery of the working fluid is filled with compressed air with a pressure of 200 atm. Through the pressure reduction gearbox to 10 atm, compressed air is supplied through the working fluid supply pipe 12 to the cylinders 4 with the working fluid supply valve 13 open through cylindrical valves 7. The stroke in one of the cylinders begins at the moment when the rotary valve 7 closes the cylinder 4, and the opening of the channel 10 for supplying the working fluid to the shaft of the valve 7 is aligned with the opening of the working fluid supply tube 12. Pistons 5 are mounted on the rotor around the circumference with an offset of 180 °. When the working stroke continues in one of the cylinders and the piston rotates the rotor by an angle of 180 ° from the beginning of the working stroke under the pressure of compressed air, the working stroke begins in the other cylinder.

The piston 5, mounted on the rotor 2, rotates directly, without intermediate gears, the rotor 2 with the shaft 3 in one cycle "stroke" at an angle greater than 300 °. Thus, at any point in time when compressed air is supplied, a two-cylinder turbo-piston engine will have a working stroke.

The rotor 2 rotates clockwise, and the torque from the rotor shaft 3 is transmitted to the valve shaft 9 through gears 11 of the same diameter, then the valve 7 will rotate counterclockwise.

To start the rotation of the rotor 2 at the time of starting the engine, compressed air is supplied to the cylinders 4 through a tube with a working fluid supply valve at start-up, and one of the cylinders 4 will certainly have a working stroke, which will lead to the initial rotation of the rotor 2 and the engine starting with the crane open 13 filing of the working fluid.

The technical characteristics of the twin-cylinder turbo piston engine are presented in the table.

A diagram of the pressure change in the cylinders depending on the angle of rotation of the rotor shaft in a two-cylinder turbo-piston engine is shown in Fig.6,

where: 16 - pressure readings in the first cylinder. In figure 4, the first cylinder is shown on the left, 17 - pressure readings in the second cylinder.

The table of technical characteristics of the two-cylinder turbo-piston engine "Pul-car" Options Quantities Number of cylinders 2 Rotor diameter, mm 312 Cylinder diameter mm 360 Valve diameter mm 180 The area of the piston, mm ² 2880 Working pressure in the cylinder at the beginning of the stroke "stroke", atm 10 Rotor shaft rotation per minute up to 1500 Volume of compressed air accumulator - cylinder, l fifty Number of cylinders 5 Maximum pressure of compressed air in a cylinder, atm 200

Claims (4)

1. A turbo-piston engine containing a rotor placed in a cylindrical housing, a piston mounted on the rotor and placed in the broadening of the cylindrical housing - in a cylinder with a cylindrical valve, a gear gear on the rotor shaft is engaged with a gear of the same diameter on the valve shaft and the piston under the action of a potential energy of the working fluid can be moved in the cylinder relative to the fixed body and directly transmit rotational motion to the rotor with the shaft without intermediate gears, characterized the fact that the rotor mounted on the shaft has a cylindrical shape and is placed in a cylindrical body, the piston mounted on the rotor around the circumference is placed in the broadening of the cylindrical body - in a cylinder with a valve of cylindrical shape, the piston side on which the working fluid can exert pressure, has a rectangular shape, a valve of cylindrical shape, mounted on a shaft and placed in a hole in the cylinder, can rotate in the cylinder, there is minimal clearance between the valve and the rotor, the valve can create a closed space in the center between the piston and the valve, the valve has a circumferential cutout for passing the piston under the valve and the working fluid supply channel passing through the valve shaft, while combining the working fluid supply channel on the valve shaft with the opening of the working fluid supply pipe coming from the working medium accumulator the body with the open valve for supplying the working fluid can enter the enclosed space of the cylinder between the valve and the piston, the piston under the action of the potential energy of the working fluid can move in the cylinder relative to the stationary housing and directly transmit rotational motion to the rotor with the shaft without intermediate gears. 2. The turbo-piston engine according to claim 1, characterized in that in one cycle "stroke" the piston under the action of the energy of the working fluid rotates the rotor with the shaft at an angle of more than 300 °. 3. The turbo-piston engine according to claim 1, characterized in that it is capable of running on compressed air, on gas obtained from the combustion of gasoline, natural gas, diesel fuel, alcohol outside the turbo-piston engine. 4. The turbo-piston engine according to claim 1, characterized in that when the turbo-piston engine operates on compressed air, where electric power generated by environmentally friendly sources such as a hydroelectric power station, wind power station, solar battery is used to compress air, the atmosphere is not polluted.

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