RU2362292C2 - Grain seeder for row sowing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: sowing machine contains disk furrow openers, roller feed units, roller rotary drive, seed-box with a partition wall, feed and sowing depth regulators. Dropping devices for the sowing machine are arranged in two rows chequerwise on independent drives. A partition wall is placed between rows of the dropping devices and is detachable. Each row of feed rollers and furrow openers is provided with feed and sowing depth regulators.

EFFECT: sowing machine allows for uniform sowing of a single crop or two crops with different seeding rate for seeds of different crops.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering and, in particular, to seeders for independent and joint sowing of grain crops.

Known seeder SZ-3.6 and SZ-5.4 for independent and joint row crops of two grain crops, for example, vetch with oats, peas with oats or barley, barley with oats, millet with buckwheat and other crops.

Coil metering units are installed in two grain boxes with an equal amount in each. The sowing apparatus is driven from the running wheels by a combined transmission. Seeding rates are set by changing the width of the coils of the coils group controller (lever with marks) and changing the speed of rotation of the coils using gears. Disc coulters are located on spring-loaded leashes in two rows with aisles of 15 cm (A.N. Karpenko, A.A. Zelenev and V.M.Khalansky. Textbook "Agricultural Machines", M .: Kolos, 1976, p.120. The journal "Tractors and agricultural machinery" No. 4, 2006, p.3).

The disadvantage of seeders is the impossibility of sowing the seeds of each culture when they are cultivated together in independent rows with a given norm and depth of sowing.

Crops with joint sowing are sown in one row with the same seed placement depth, which does not meet their biological requirements and leads to lower yields.

In addition, the seeding rate of crops in mixtures is established by manually pre-mixing the seeds, which does not ensure accuracy and increases costs. The seeding rate in mixtures is also violated during sowing, as seeds of different cultures have different fluidity.

A disadvantage of the known seeders is that when sowing a mixture of seeds of two cultures in the same row at the same depth, an interspecific struggle for moisture, nutrients, light and other factors occurs, which weakens plant growth and reduces crop yields.

Another tufted grass seeder is also known, where the main sub-cover crop is sown through some sowing machines and openers, and the other crop, the grass sown to it (clover or alfalfa), is sown through other sowing machines and openers in independent rows. (A.N. Karpenko, A.A. Zelenev and V.M. Khalansky. Textbook "Agricultural Machines", Moscow: Kolos, 1976, p.123).

The disadvantage of the seeder is the impossibility of simultaneously sowing two crops in independent rows.

Sowing machines and coulters designed for sowing small-seeded grasses cannot sow the second grain crop with larger seeds to the required planting depth.

A close prototype was taken of the improved SZ-3.6 grain seeder with a septum and an additional device in the seed box for separate feeding of seeds of two crops (for example, peas and wheat) in separate rows. (Budagov A.A. Certificate for the invention No. 971135, А 01 С 7/00, Bulletin No. 41 dated 11/09/82).

The disadvantage of the prototype is the inability to set for each culture separately the norms of seeding, because the seeding rate is set by the group controller for the entire seed mixture by changing the width of the coil. In addition, the sowing of the first and second crops is carried out to the same depth, which does not meet the requirements of the culture.

In addition, the septum installed in the seed box and the seed ejector make it difficult to sow only one grain crop, because flowability and uniformity of sowing are violated, which reduces the quality of sowing and yield.

The aim of the invention is the creation of a seeder for both independent and joint sowing of grain crops in separate rows with the possibility of establishing the depth and norm of sowing necessary for each crop and with the preservation of ordinary sowing with a row spacing of 15 cm.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the seeder sowing reels are arranged in two rows in a checkerboard pattern on independent drives, between which a removable partition is installed, and each row of sowing coils and coulters are regulators of the seeding rate and seed placement depth.

The drawing shows a diagram of the device of the seeder,

where: 1 - sowing devices on independent drives located in two rows in a checkerboard pattern;

2 - removable partition of the seed box.

The technological process of sowing with a seeder is as follows.

For sowing one grain crop, the sowing machines of the first and second row with their adjustments are set to the same seed rate, and the partition between them is removed. The coulters of the first and second row of sowing devices with the help of spring-loaded regulators are placed at the same depth. Sowing is carried out like a conventional grain seeder.

When switching to sowing two grain crops into independent rows, the first row row sowing machines set their regulation to one seed rate required for the first crop, and the second row to another, necessary for the second crop. Accordingly, the first and second row coulters put at different depths of seed placement, which is necessary for the sowing culture. A removable partition is placed between the sections in the seed box, which separates one culture from another.

To establish the effectiveness of sowing two cultures in independent rows, we conducted small-plot experiments. As a control option, a mixture of vetch and oat seeds was sown in each row, and in the experimental version with the same seed rate, alternately (through a row) were sown in a vetch row, and then oats to a given depth of each crop.

The results of accounting for grain yield are given in the table.

Plots Grain productivity, kg / ha Average Increase one 2 3 c / ha % Control 25.6 24.8 25.1 25.1 - - Experienced 30.1 29.1 30.5 29.9 4.8 19.1 NDS 05 - - - 1.4

The seeder can be used in all regions of the Russian Federation and have great economic value.

Claims (1)

Grain seeder for row seeding with row spacing of 15 cm of one or two crops, including disc coulters, reel sowing machines, drive rotation of coils, seed box with a partition, regulators of the seeding rate and depth of sowing of seeds, characterized in that the sowing devices are arranged in two rows in staggered order on independent drives, and the partition is installed between the rows and made removable, and the regulators of the seeding rate and depth of seeding have respectively each row of sowing coils and coulters s.