RU2324320C2 - Seeder - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: seeder consists of loading pocket installed on a frame supplied with wheels, ventilating fan, shares, bobbin distributors, central pipelines with a spiral head and seed tubes, mechanisms of the wheel drive of the ventilating fan and sowing apparatus. The frame is executed in the form of an isosceles triangle. Frame bars are executed with equal length and placed on a seeder moving direction. The loading pocket is installed in the central part of a frame. Shares are executed in the form of the concave disks installed through equal intervals on fast-head bars of a frame by a convex side into a seeder. The angle of their installation to an axis of symmetry of a seeder is equal to 30... 40°. The shares placed on one side of a frame, are displaced on a moving direction of a seeder concerning the shares installed on other side of a frame. From the interior of fast-head bars of a frame behind concave disks with displacement to an symmetry axis of a seeder through equal intervals flat disks are installed under an angle to a seeder moving direction.

EFFECT: input of work and fuel-lubricants decreasing at sowing and high quality of sowing is provided.

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Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to universal pneumatic seeders designed for sowing grain, vegetables and industrial crops.

Known semi-mounted seeder type SPU [1] with pneumatic transportation of seeds to the coulters and with a centralized dosage of seeds. It is equipped with a hopper mounted on the frame, a reel metering device, a fan, central vertical pipelines with a dividing head, seed tubes, single or double disc coulters, loosening paws and a drive mechanism. The fan wheel is driven by a driveshaft connected to the tractor power take-off shaft, and the metering unit coil is driven through a chain drive from the seeder wheel.

However, the known seeder has disadvantages:

- high labor costs and fuel and lubricants in connection with the need to perform preliminary operations to prepare the soil for sowing;

- low quality of sowing on a stubble background, due to poor flatness of the field surface.

The purpose of the invention is to reduce labor costs and fuel and lubricants and improve the quality of sowing.

The goal is achieved in that the frame is made in the form of an isosceles triangle, and the bars of the frame of equal length are placed in the direction of movement of the seeder. The hopper is installed in the central part of the frame. The coulters are made in the form of spherical disks and set at equal intervals on the front bars of the frame with the convex side inward of the seeder at an angle of 30 ... 40 ° to the axis of symmetry of the seeder. The coulters located on one side of the frame are displaced in the direction of movement of the seeder relative to the coulters installed on the other side of the frame. On the inner side of the front bars of the frame behind the spherical disks with displacement to the axis of symmetry of the seeder, at equal intervals to set the plane disks at an angle to the direction of movement of the seeder

Figure 1 shows a General view of the seeder; figure 2 is the same, a top view.

The seeder includes mounted on a frame 1 equipped with running 2 and supporting 3 wheels, a hopper 4, a fan 5, openers 6, spool metering devices 7, central pipelines 8 with a dividing head 9, seed tubes 10, as well as mechanisms for driving the fan wheel and the metering device spool (not shown). The drive wheel of the fan 5 can be, for example, from a hydraulic motor associated with the hydraulic system of the tractor, and the coils of the sowing apparatus from the running wheels 3 through a chain transmission. The frame 1 of the seeder is made in the form of an isosceles triangle, and the bars of the frame of equal length are located in the direction of movement of the seeder. The hopper 4 is installed in the central part of the frame 1. The coulters 6 are made in the form of spherical disks mounted at regular intervals on the front bars of the frame 1 with the convex side inward of the seeder at an angle of 30 ... 40 ° to the axis of symmetry of the seeder. The coulters located on one side of the frame 1 are offset in the direction of movement of the seeder relative to the coulters installed on the other side of the frame 1. On the inside of the front bars of the frame 1 behind the spherical discs, offset to the axis of symmetry of the seeder, at regular intervals are set at an angle to the direction of movement of the seeder flat discs 11. The seeder is aggregated with the tractor using the hitch 12. The seeder is put into working or transport position using the hinge mechanism 13, including the hydraulic system of the tractor hydraulic cylinder 14.

In the process of operation, the seeder previously adjusted to the required seeding rate of the seeds, by means of the hinge mechanism 13 and the hydraulic cylinder 14, is transferred to the working position. Seeds from the hopper 4 enter the metering device 7 of the reel type. After this, the metered seed flow by the air stream created by the fan 5 is transported through the central pipelines 8 to the dividing head 9. Hitting the lid of the dividing head 9, the seeds are evenly distributed along the seed ducts 10 and transported to the furrows made by the coulters 6. In this case, each subsequent opener heaps a furrow with seeds in it, made by the previous opener. Flat discs 11 level the surface of the field after the passage of spherical discs. After the end of the working stroke with the help of the hinge mechanism 13 and the hydraulic cylinder 14, the openers 6 and flat discs 11 are deepened, and the seeder is transferred to the transport position.

Due to its design features, the seeder can be used for sowing on stubble, which eliminates the need for preliminary preparation of the field for sowing. This allows you to reduce labor costs and save fuel and lubricants. The adopted configuration of the frame and the peculiarities of the arrangement of spherical and flat disks on it provide high quality sowing on a stubble background, good evenness of the field surface. Moreover, the uneven distribution of seeds does not exceed 4 ... 9%.

The source of information

1. Khalansky V.M., Gorbachev I.V. Agreecultural machines. Agreecultural equipment. - M .: Kolos, 2003, p. 166-168.

Claims (1)

A seeder comprising mounted on a frame equipped with wheels, a hopper, a fan, openers, reel seeding devices, central pipelines with a dividing head and seed tubes, drive mechanisms of the fan wheel and reel of the seeding device, characterized in that the frame is made in the form of an isosceles triangle, and the beam frames of equal length are located in the direction of movement of the seeder, the hopper is installed in the central part of the frame, the coulters are made in the form of spherical disks installed at regular intervals on on the rails of the frame with the convex side inward of the seeder at an angle of 30 ... 40 ° to the axis of symmetry of the seeder, and the coulters located on one side of the frame are offset in the direction of movement of the seeder relative to the coulters installed on the other side of the frame, and from the inside of the front bars of the frame behind the spherical disks with an offset to the axis of symmetry of the seeder at equal intervals, flat disks are installed at an angle to the direction of movement of the seeder.

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