RU2361747C1 - Tractive device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: tractive device comprises coupler (1) linked with pull-rods and strength member (2), rigidly attached to semitrailer hitchbar. Pull-rods are jointed to trailer-hauling tractor via universal joint (4). Note here that, universal joint vertical axes of rotation are arranged on trailer-hauling tractor, while horizontal ones are fitted on said pull-rods. Aforesaid universal joints have their vertical axes of rotation located on one axial line. The lower universal joint is rigidly attached to bracket (10), while the upper one slides on sliding bar (9). The latter and bracket are jointed so as to allow the sliding bar to move in the plane perpendicular to tractor motion direction.

EFFECT: stable up and down run along slopes.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to integral transport and transport-technological means, namely to couplers, and can be used in the aggregation of these means.

Known support hitch of an articulated vehicle, providing increased work efficiency and traffic safety [SU 1650480 A1, 5 B60D 1/00, 05/23/1991].

The device does not allow the use of an articulated vehicle driven by vehicles from the tractor’s power take-off shaft due to the presence of traction of adjustable length mounted on the drawbar of the semi-trailer and connected to the coupling element on the tractor. In addition, this device involves a change in the design of the tractor and drawbar of the semitrailer.

Known traction and loading device [RU 2096190 C1, 6 B60D 1/00, 11/20/1997], which improves the efficiency of use of transport and transport-technological units and traffic safety.

The disadvantages of this device are that when cornering, the design of the device allows for spontaneous change in the position of the linkage and drawbar rods of the semi-trailer, while it is impossible to transfer part of the weight of the semi-trailer to the tractor, and the drive of the working bodies from the power take-off shaft contains four universal joints, which reduces the reliability of the device. In addition, the presence of an intermediate support for cardan transmission of the drive of the working bodies complicates the design of the device.

A mounted device is known [US 4272098, B60D 7/00, 06/09/1981], providing the transfer of part of the weight of the semitrailer to the tractor. The device contains a vertical axis on which the drawbar of the semi-trailer platform is pivotally mounted, a horizontal axis, a transverse-horizontal axis located inside the tractor base. Four racks fixed in pairs at the rear ends of two longitudinal rods, which are connected to the transverse-horizontal axis by their front ends.

The considered technical solution does not allow spontaneous lowering of longitudinal rods, and the angle of rotation of the tractor relative to the semi-trailer in the horizontal plane is limited by the structural elements of the tractor and the length of its longitudinal rods.

This technical solution involves fundamental changes in the design of the tractor hitch and does not involve the use of standard hitch elements. When aggregating with any other agricultural implements, in addition to the semi-trailer, it is necessary to disconnect the entire device and replace it with an appropriate one, which worsens the conditions for aggregating a tractor with various agricultural machines. In the case when the semitrailer is on a horizontal surface and the tractor is on the rise, the lower longitudinal links may collide with the axis of the rear wheels of the tractor, i.e. there is a limitation on the possibility of overcoming the ascent. However, it should be noted that the design allows, both on a straight section of the road and on bends, to transfer the vertical load to the transverse-horizontal axis without creating a transverse overturning moment. The weight will be redistributed from the front axle to the rear, thereby impairing handling, especially during acceleration, since the tractor design does not allow the axle to be closer to the supporting surface.

Known coupling device related to transport, namely the coupling devices of articulated vehicles [SU 1414662 A1, 4 B60D 1/00, 08/07/1988]. It contributes to an increase in work efficiency by ensuring a rational distribution of the load along the axles of the tractor while increasing its grip weight and increasing stability.

This technical solution causes a number of difficulties in operation, in particular the control of hydraulic cylinders, the aggregation of a semi-trailer with a tractor, overcoming obstacles (driving from a dirt road to a paved road, where roads are located at different heights). The rotation will be complicated due to the design features of the tractor with a breaking frame. The low position of the drawbar of the semi-trailer under the tractor reduces the road and agricultural clearance, in addition, this coupling device can be effective only with semi-trailers.

Known traction device [RU 2148499 C1, 7 B60D 1/00, 05/10/2000]. The device comprises a coupling element pivotally connected to the rods connected to a mating element mounted on the drawbar of the semi-trailer. The upper and lower rods are connected to the tractor by means of Hooke's hinges, the vertical axis of rotation of which are located on the same axial line on the tractor, and the horizontal ones on the rods. In this case, the upper rod is made of variable length and pivotally connected by the front end to the horizontal axis of the Hook joint. The lower rods with their front ends are connected to the horizontal axis of the Hook joint by means of spherical joints. In this case, the upper and lower rods with their rear ends are also connected using spherical hinges with a coupling element. The device provides the elimination of spontaneous changes in the position of the rods and drawbar of the semitrailer when changing the direction of movement, the constant transfer of part of the weight of the semitrailer to the tractor in all modes of transport or transport and technological operations, simplifying the design and increasing the reliability of the towing and loading device.

The device creates additional force on the axis of the tractor when the tractor moves along the slope, and there is an overload of the front axle on the downhill and a deterioration in handling on the rise.

The task of the invention is to eliminate the overload of the front axle on the descent and maintain the controllability of the tractor on the rise.

This is achieved by the fact that the connection of the upper Hook hinge with the bracket rigidly connected to the tractor is made in the form of a movable mount with the possibility of moving the slider on which the hinge is fixed along the bracket slots in the vertical plane of the tractor.

Figure 1 shows the traction and loading device, side view; figure 2 is a top view of the unit when turning; figure 3 is a rear view of the traction and loading device (automatic coupler elements not shown).

The towing and loading device comprises a coupling element 1 in the form of an isosceles triangle, which is pivotally connected at three points with rods, a response element 2, which is rigidly fixed to the drawbar of the semi-trailer. The device also contains an upper rod of variable length 3. The upper rod of variable length 3 is equipped with a spring-loaded telescopic element, which allows the rear and front ends to spring together both in compression and in tension. The upper rod of variable length 3 is pivotally connected to the horizontal axis of the upper hook of the Hook 4, and to the coupling element by means of a spherical hinge 5. In addition, the device contains two lower rods 6. At both ends of the lower rods 6 there are spherical joints 5, through which the rods 6 the front ends are connected to the horizontal axis of the lower Hook hinge 7, and the rear ones are connected to the coupling element 1. The upper Hook 4 hinge is attached to the support plates 8, which are rigidly fixed to the slider 9. The lower Hook 7 hinge is rigidly fixed to the bracket It doesn’t have 10 using the support plates 8. Hook joints are mounted to rotate around their vertical axes. The movable connection is formed by the slider 9 and the bracket 10, consisting of two rigidly connected cheeks 11, with the possibility of moving the slider 9 in the grooves of the cheeks 11 using the hydraulic cylinder 12. The bracket 10 is rigidly mounted on the tractor 13. The coupling element 1 is equipped with a locking device 14. Telescopic braces 15 the lower links 6 are connected to the levers 16 of the rotary shaft 17. To drive the rotary shaft 17, a hydraulic cylinder for hitching the tractor 18 is provided.

The device operates as follows. To attach the gun, the tractor is brought to the gun, and the coupling element 1 is introduced into the reciprocal element 2 by lifting the lower rods 6 with the hydraulic cylinder 18 of the tractor hitch. Connect the coupling element 1 with the response element 2 and fix the locking device 14.

When bringing the towing and loading device into action, the hydraulic cylinder of the hitch of the tractor 18 is included in the "floating" position. If necessary, increase the length of the upper link of variable length 3 until the body of the semi-trailer occupies a horizontal position relative to the surface of the platform on which aggregation is performed. At the same time, part of the weight of the semi-trailer through the reciprocal element 2, the coupling element 1, the upper link of variable length 3, the lower link 6, the upper joint of the hook 4, the lower joint of the hook 7, the support plate 8, the slider 9, the bracket 10 are transferred to the tractor 13.

The rotation of the tractor relative to the semitrailer in the horizontal plane is carried out by rotating the lower rods 6 and the upper rods of variable length 3 around the vertical axes of the upper Hook 4 joint and the lower Hook 7 joint.

When moving an articulated vehicle through an obstacle, changing the position of the tractor relative to the semi-trailer in the longitudinally vertical plane is carried out by rotating the lower links 6 in spherical joints 5, as well as the upper link of variable length 3 around the horizontal axis of the upper joint of Hook 4 and in the spherical joint 5. C using the upper rod of variable length 3, equipped with an element of a spring-loaded telescopic connection, dampen the vibrations that occur when the semi-trailer is swinging.

When changing the position of the semitrailer relative to the tractor in the transverse vertical plane, the rotation of the coupling element 1 and the reciprocal element 2 relative to the tractor is carried out by rotating the lower rods 6 in spherical joints 5, and the upper link of variable length 3 around the vertical axis of the upper Hook joint 4 and in the spherical joint 5.

When disconnecting the guns, open the locking device 14 and switch the hydraulic cylinder 18 of the tractor hitch to the "lowering" position, lower the rods, and the coupling element 1 is disengaged from the mating element 2.

The use of a towing and loading device will eliminate the negative effect of the vertical force transmitted from the semi-trailer to the tractor in relation to overloading the front axle of the tractor during lowering and maintaining stability and controllability on the rise.

The technical result is to ensure the stability of the tractor during movement along the slope during descent and ascent by shifting the point of application of the load from the semi-trailer to the tractor along the axis of symmetry of the tractor.

Information sources

1.SU 1650480 A1, 5 B60D 1/00, 05.23.1991.

2. RU 2096190 C1, 6 B60D 1/00, 11/20/1997.

3. US 4272098, B60D 7/00, 06/09/1981.

4. SU 1414662 A1, 4 B60D 1/00, 08/07/1988.

5. RU 2148499 C1, 7 B60D 1/00, 05/10/2000.

Claims (1)

A towing and loading device comprising a coupling element pivotally connected to the rods, connected to a mating element mounted on the drawbar of the semi-trailer, the upper and lower rods are connected to the tractor by Hook hinges fixed to an arm connected to the tractor, the vertical axis of rotation of which are placed on one axial lines on the tractor, and horizontal on the rods, while the upper rod is made of variable length and pivotally connected by the front end to the horizontal axis of the Hook joint, lower rods by the front ends of the joint are connected with the horizontal axis of the Hook hinge by means of spherical hinges, while the upper and lower rods with their rear ends are also connected by means of spherical hinges with a coupling element, characterized in that the upper Hook hinge is fixed to a slider movably connected to an arm rigidly attached to the tractor, with the possibility of moving the slider "up and down" in a plane perpendicular to the direction of movement of the tractor.

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