RU2096190C1 - Traction-and-weight transfer device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport engineering; coupling gears. SUBSTANCE: traction-and- weight transfer device has hitch member 1 connected with tractor mounting links and coupled with mating member 2 installed for rotation relative to horizontal and vertical axles on semitrailer pole. Vertical axle is rigidly coupled by means of stop 14 and ring 9 with horizontally arranged bushing installed for rotation in housing rigidly secured to traction ring on semitrailer pole. Intermediate shaft for driving working tools of vehicle is arranged in horizontally installed bushing. EFFECT: enlarged operating capabilities. 2 cl, 7 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to integral transport and transport-technological means, namely to couplers, and can be used in the aggregation of these means.

 A well-known tractor linkage mechanism that provides improved traction qualities of trailed units [1] But when aggregating a tractor with a semitrailer by machines, the device is inefficient in operation due to unloading of the front wheels of the tractor.

 Known loading device of traction machines, providing uniform loading of the front and rear wheels of the traction machine from the traction of the trailer [2] The disadvantages of this device are the design complexity, as well as the fact that it does not solve the issue of maintaining controllability in the semitrailer version.

 Known automatic increase in the grip weight of the tractor, providing an increase in the grip weight of the tractor with increasing resistance to the movement of the trailer [3] However, when aggregating a tractor with semitrailer machines, the handling of the unit deteriorates due to unloading of the front wheels.

 A towing hitch of a road train is known that provides increased ride smoothness and enhanced functionality [4] but it does not solve the problem of increasing the towing and hitching properties of a tractor and its controllability.

 A towing device of a vehicle is known that provides the expansion of technological capabilities [5] but the problem of increasing the towing and coupling properties of the tractor and its handling is not solved at the same time.

 Known support hitch of an articulated vehicle, providing increased work efficiency and traffic safety [6] However, this device involves a change in the design of the tractor and drawbar of the semitrailer. In addition, the device does not allow the use of an articulated vehicle with the machine driven from the power take-off shaft due to the presence of traction of adjustable length mounted on the drawbar of the semi-trailer and connected to the coupling element on the tractor.

 The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of using tractor transport and transport-technological units and traffic safety.

 This goal is achieved in that the towing and loading device comprises a coupling element connected to a mating element mounted on the drawbar of the semitrailer by means of a horizontally positioned sleeve placed in the housing for rotation about a horizontal axis. An intermediate shaft is installed inside the sleeve to drive the working bodies of the transport and technological means.

 In FIG. 1 shows a towing and loading device, side view; in FIG. 2-traction loading device, isometry; figure 3 remote element of figure 1; in FIG. 4 rotation of the unit in the horizontal plane; figure 5 - change in the position of the semitrailer relative to the tractor in the transverse vertical plane; in FIG. 6 a change in the position of the tractor relative to the semitrailer in a longitudinal vertical plane; in Fig.7 forces acting on a tractor with a semi-trailer.

 The towing and loading device contains a coupling element 1, made in the form of an isosceles triangle, articulated at three points with rods of a hydraulically mounted tractor hitch, and a mating element 2 is mounted on the drawbar of the semi-trailer through a horizontally located sleeve 3, to the front end of which a ring 4 is attached with a rigidly fixed the middle part of the axis 5. The lower part of the axis 5 is placed in the sleeve 6 connected to the transverse plate 7, mounted in the lower part of the mating element 2. On the upper part of the axis 5 is installed a sleeve 8 rigidly connected to the upper part of the mating element 2. A ring 9 with vertically arranged eyes 10 is rigidly attached to the rear end of the horizontally positioned sleeve 3. The sleeve 3 is rotatably rotated around the horizontal axis in the housing 11, which is rigidly attached to the traction ring 12 of the drawbar of the semi-trailer . A hinge 13 is mounted on the upper end of the axis 5, to which an emphasis 14 is attached at one end and connected with the finger 15 to the vertical lugs 10 of the ring 9 with the other.

 In the sleeve 3 there is an intermediate shaft 16 mounted on bearings 17, connected on one side by cardan joints 18 with the output end of the shaft 19 of the drive of the working bodies of the vehicle.

 The coupling element 1 is equipped with a locking device 20.

 The device operates as follows.

 When carrying out transport operations, the response element 2 is connected to the coupling element 1 by means of a hydraulically mounted tractor hitch and fixed by a locking device 20. The valve of the control valve is moved to the "floating" position. In this case, part of the weight of the semitrailer through the traction ring 12 of the drawbar of the semitrailer, housing 11, sleeve 3, ring 9, eyes 10, pin 15, emphasis 14, hinge 13, vertical axis 5, bushings 6 and 8, the transverse plate 7 is transmitted to the response element 2 , coupling element 1, longitudinal traction of the hydraulic linkage and the transverse axis, mounted on the skeleton of the tractor.

 When changing the direction of movement of the tractor, the response element 2 changes its position relative to the semitrailer as a result of rotation of the axis 5 in the bushings 6, 8 and the hinge 13 of the stop 14 (Fig. 4).

 When the position of the semitrailer relative to the tractor in the transverse vertical plane is changed, the response element 2 is rotated relative to the drawbar of the semitrailer by rotating the sleeve 3 in the housing 11 (Fig. 5).

 When moving an articulated vehicle through an obstacle, a change in the position of the tractor relative to the semitrailer in the longitudinal vertical plane is carried out by rotating the longitudinal links of the tractor’s hydraulic link in the hinges of its axis (Fig. 6).

 When performing transport and technological operations, the intermediate shaft 16 is connected to the power take-off shaft by cardan joints (Figs. 1, 5, 6).

 The use of a towing and loading device will eliminate the negative effect of the vertical force transmitted from the semi-trailer to the tractor in relation to the unloading of the front steered wheels, which improves the safety of the unit. In addition, it is possible to transfer most of the weight of the semitrailer to the tractor without affecting its controllability, which in turn will improve the performance of the unit.

,
откуда

,
где G_тр вес трактора;
P_кр крюковое усилие;
P_z догружающее усилие от полуприцепа;
L_тр база трактора;
x расстояние от точки приложения силы P_z до плоскости, проходящей через ось задних колес, перпендикулярной продольной оси трактора;
k расстояние от плоскости приложения силы P_кр до поверхности почвы;
b расстояние от точки приложения силы G_тр до плоскости, проходящей через ось задних колес трактора, перпендикулярной его продольной оси;
h расстояние от точки приложения силы G_тр до поверхности почвы;
α коэффициент, учитывающий часть веса трактора, приходящегося на передние колеса;
b угол подъема.This follows from the equation of moments relative to point A (Fig.7):

,
where from

,
where G _{Tr the} weight of the tractor;
P _cr hook force;
P _z loading force from the semi-trailer;
L _tr base tractor;
x the distance from the point of application of force P _z to the plane passing through the axis of the rear wheels perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tractor;
k distance from the plane of application of force P _cr to the surface of the soil;
b the distance from the point of application of force G _Tr to the plane passing through the axis of the rear wheels of the tractor perpendicular to its longitudinal axis;
h the distance from the point of application of force G _Tr to the soil surface;
α coefficient taking into account part of the weight of the tractor falling on the front wheels;
b angle of elevation.

It can be seen from expression (2) that, ceteris paribus (elevation angle; coefficient taking into account part of the weight of the tractor falling on the front wheels; distance from the point of application of force G _Tr to the soil surface; distance from the point of application of force G _Tr to the plane passing through the axis of the rear wheels of the tractor perpendicular to its longitudinal axis; the distance from the point of application of force P _cr to the soil surface; the base of the tractor; hook force; the weight of the tractor is constant) with a decrease in the "shoulder" of the application of force transmitted from the semi-trailer to the tractor, those. distance x (Fig.7), it can increase and will be limited only by the strength characteristics of the tractor and the bearing capacity of the tires.

Claims (2)

 1. Traction-and-loading device comprising a hitch element in the form of an isosceles triangle articulated at three points with rods of a hydraulically mounted tractor linkage, connected to a mating element mounted on the drawbar of the semi-trailer with the possibility of rotation relative to the vertical and horizontal axes of the traction-loading device, characterized in that the vertical axis by means of bushings mounted at its ends is rigidly attached to the mating element, and the middle part is attached to a ring rigidly connected to The front end of the horizontally positioned sleeve, rotatably mounted relative to the horizontal axis in the body attached to the drawbar of the drawbar of the semi-trailer, and the ring with vertically arranged eyes, connected by a finger to one end of the stop connected to the vertical axis by a hinge, is rigidly attached to the other end of the horizontally located sleeve located at its upper end.  2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that a shaft is mounted inside the horizontally positioned sleeve, which is connected on one side by cardan joints with the output end of the drive shaft of the working bodies of the vehicle.

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