RU2361093C2 - Internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: internal combustion engine comprises at least one cylinder-piston group, block of cylinders, crankshaft, and gas distribution mechanism with one main valve that opens gas channel separated by partition into two parts, passing into inlet and outlet channels opened by electrically driven valves. Combustion chamber is arranged in groove cavity with size of more than main valve plate diametre, and depth of not less than length of main valve stroke. Shape of lower part of main valve plate repeats shape of lower part of combustion chamber. Engine cylinder has cooled end wall, in which coaxially to cylinder, piston and combustion chamber there is main valve seat installed. Piston and connecting rod are connected to each other by ball hinge. Fuel injection is made in the beginning of inlet stroke. Nozzle of fuel injection may be installed in main valve rod.

EFFECT: simplified design of engine.

5 cl, 9 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to engine building, and can be used in the design and development of simple and economical internal combustion engines.

To increase engine power without increasing its working volume, size and weight is one of the main engineering tasks that designers have to solve when upgrading or developing a new engine design. Engine power is proportional to the gas pressure in the cylinder, and it depends on the mass of the burned fuel. Therefore, one of the main tasks when designing an internal combustion engine is to ensure the maximum possible filling of the cylinders with air, which will allow more fuel to be burned in a given volume. For this purpose, on modern engines, increase the diameter of the valves to the maximum possible size or increase their number. Engines with four and six valves per cylinder were widely used, and their design was greatly complicated.

A known internal combustion engine, the gas distribution mechanism of which contains only one valve per cylinder. The only mass-produced engine of this type known to the author was produced in France during the First World War by the Gnome aviation company. The engine was extremely simple, inlet and outlet were produced from and into the atmosphere, fuel was injected directly into the cylinder. Later, changes were made to the design, it was proposed to use various control mechanisms to control gas flows. But significant flaws in the designs of these engines did not allow them to reach industrial production.

The purpose of this invention is to unleash and exploit the potential of a single valve engine.

State of the art

Known internal combustion engine (ICE), in which the gas distribution mechanism (timing) contains one poppet valve and a cylindrical sleeve mounted coaxially to the valve, which, moving along the axis of the drip, opens the inlet or outlet channels (patent US 6474295, 05.11.2002).

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the complexity of manufacturing and the inability to purge the combustion chamber.

An internal combustion engine is known in which the one-valve gas distribution mechanism located in the engine head contains one main poppet valve and two poppet valves in the inlet and outlet channels controlling the air-fuel mixture and exhaust gas flows (patent DE 10159844 A1, September 11, 2003).

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the inability to purge the combustion chamber, which reduces engine power.

Known ICE, the timing of which, located in the engine head, contains one main valve, which opens the gas channel, passing into the inlet and outlet channels, equipped with poppet valves, with a mechanical drive. The combustion chamber is located in the recess of the cylinder head (patent US 2416512, 02.25.1947).

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the high resistance to the movement of the air-fuel mixture as a result of the turbulence created by the valves and, as a result, the low specific power, as well as the complexity of manufacturing the gas distribution mechanism.

Known ICE containing at least one cylinder-piston group, cylinder block, crankshaft, gas distribution mechanism, with one main valve opening the gas channel, passing into the inlet and outlet channels, equipped with control devices, the gas channel of the main valve is divided by a partition into two parts , the combustion chamber is made in the piston recess larger than the diameter of the main valve plate, and not less than the length of the main valve stroke, while the shape of the lower part of the main valve plate is repeated ryaet shape of the combustion chamber lower part (US patent 5,020,486, 04.06.1991).

The disadvantage of this design is the detachable connection between the block and the head of the block passing through the cylinder and the cooling system, which complicates the design and increases the mass of the engine.

Disclosure of invention

The objective of the invention is to provide a motor design with a single valve gas distribution mechanism, easy to manufacture, having a high specific power, low fuel consumption.

According to the invention, the internal combustion engine contains one cylinder-piston group, a cylinder block, a crankshaft, a gas distribution mechanism, with one main valve opening the gas channel, passing into the inlet and outlet channels, equipped with control devices, the gas channel of the main valve is divided into two parts, the combustion chamber is made in the piston recess larger than the diameter of the main valve plate, and not less than the length of the main valve stroke, the shape of the lower part of the main valve plate repeats the shape at the bottom of the combustion chamber, and the cylinder has a cooled end wall, in which coaxial to the cylinder, piston and combustion chamber there is a seat of the main valve.

Thus, the engine does not have a detachable connection between the cylinder and the cylinder head, which simplifies the design and increases the reliability of the internal combustion engine. In the ICE according to the invention, the control of the flows of the air-fuel mixture and exhaust gases is carried out by control mechanisms containing at least one inlet and outlet control valve, with an electric drive.

In the ICE according to the invention, it is advisable to connect the piston and connecting rod by means of a ball joint, which reduces the mass of parts, the oil supplied through the oil channel helps to cool the piston.

In the internal combustion engine according to the invention, the fuel injection nozzle is arranged to inject fuel into the combustion chamber at the beginning of the intake stroke, which will reduce the condensation of fuel particles on the cylinder walls, improve engine efficiency and reduce emissions of harmful substances.

In the internal combustion engine, in the main valve shaft, it is advisable to make a central channel into which the fuel injection nozzle is installed. Fuel injection into the center of the combustion chamber improves mixture formation in engines with direct fuel injection.

The operation of the engine is controlled by controlling the duration of the opening of the intake and exhaust control valves, which eliminates the throttle in the intake tract, thereby reducing intake losses and improving the performance of the internal combustion engine. The engine according to the invention can operate by rotating the crankshaft both clockwise and counterclockwise.

When applying the invention in the ICE design, the following technical result is achieved: the engine design is simplified, its specific power is increased, reliability is increased, reverse gear can be excluded from the vehicle’s transmission, which will reduce the mass of the power unit.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of an internal combustion engine according to the invention: 1 cylinder, 2 piston, 3 cylinder block, 4 crankshaft, 5 main valve, 6 inlet channel, 7 exhaust channel, 8 baffle, 9 combustion chamber, 10 inlet control valve, 11 exhaust control valve, 12 head part, 13 nozzle, 14 connecting rod, 15 cylinder end wall.

Figure 2-9 explains the operation of a four-stroke internal combustion engine.

Figure 2, 3 - intake stroke.

4, 5 - compression cycle.

6, 7 - stroke of the stroke.

Figs. 8, 9 - release cycle.

The implementation of the invention.

The internal combustion engine according to the invention, Fig. 1, contains a cylinder-piston group 1, 2, a cylinder block 3, a crankshaft 4 and a gas distribution mechanism, with one main valve 5 opening the gas channel, passing into inlet 6 and outlet 7 channels, equipped with control devices 10, 11, and the gas channel of the main valve is divided by a partition 8 into two parts, the combustion chamber 9 is made in the recess of the piston 2 with a size greater than the diameter of the main valve plate, and a depth of at least the length of the main valve stroke, while the shape izhney side plates of the main valve 5 follows the shape of the bottom of the combustion chamber 9, the cylinder has a cooled end wall 15, which is coaxially cylinder 1, a piston 2 and combustion chamber 9 has a main valve seat.

According to the invention, the cylinder and the end wall of the cylinder with the valve seat are a single part. Since all the elements of the cylinder are located on the same axis, it can be entirely manufactured on turning equipment. The cylinder is installed in the cylinder block and is fixed in two coaxially located bearings. The connection between the cylinder and the block is sealed with rubber seals. The upper part of the cylinder end wall protruding from the block serves to center the head of the engine.

The engine is assembled in the following order: cylinder 1 is attached to the head part 12, then the main valve 5 is installed, then the piston 2 with the connecting rod 14 is installed in the cylinder, then the cylinder with the piston and the connecting head is connected to the block 3.

Placing the entire combustion chamber in the piston allows you to create a simple and efficient combustion chamber, for example a toroidal shape.

The partition has no contact with the main valve plate. The shape of the partition and its location in the channel depends on the shape of the main valve and the depth of the combustion chamber.

The passage sections of the inlet and outlet channels should be close to the passage section formed by the dividing wall and the main valve plate in the purge position of the combustion chamber. In this case, the gap between the piston and the valve in the TDC when the combustion chamber is purged, it is advisable to make the minimum possible. Fig.9.

The partition can be made at the same time with the head part 12, and can also be an independent part or consist of several parts.

The gas distribution mechanism contains one inlet 10 and one outlet 11 control valve with an electric actuator.

To control gas flows, instead of electric valves, any known control mechanisms and their combinations are allowed.

For example: rotary dampers, flap valves, non-electric actuated poppet valves, control mechanisms that have windows that, when combined, open channels for the passage of gases, with an axis of rotation along the axis of the main valve.

The connection of the piston 2 and the connecting rod 14 can be made by means of a ball joint, to reduce the mass of parts the ball is hollow and filled with a light polymer composition, an oil channel passes through the center of the ball. The ball can be made prefabricated, in two parts, with a connector perpendicular to the axis of the oil channel. The parts are connected with glue, the polymer aggregate serves as a connecting element.

A fuel (gasoline) injector can be installed behind the main valve in the inlet.

Fuel can be injected at the beginning of the intake stroke, at the moment when the main valve disc leaves the piston, creating a vacuum in the combustion chamber, while air flows from the supravalve space into the combustion chamber through the annular gap between them, forming an annular vortex. As a result, most of the fuel during the intake stroke will be in the combustion chamber and near it in a vortex state, the condensation of fuel particles on the cylinder walls will decrease, which will improve the efficiency of the engine at low load and idle.

The fuel injection nozzle 13 on a diesel engine, as well as on a gas engine, but with direct fuel injection, is installed inside the main valve shaft by any known method.

The operation of the internal combustion engine according to the invention is illustrated by the example of a single-cylinder diesel engine with two-phase fuel injection and electric control valves.

During the intake stroke, at the moment the main valve disc leaves the piston, a pilot portion of fuel is injected, the piston with the fuel charge in the combustion chamber moves from the top dead center (TDC) to the bottom dead center (BDC), the main valve and the intake control valve are in the open position . Fig 2, 3.

During the compression stroke, the piston moves to TDC, while the main valve is closed, all control valves are closed. Fig 4.

Through the nozzle installed in the main valve shaft, the main fuel charge is injected. Fig 5. The combustion of the combustible mixture occurs in the volume of the combustion chamber formed by the combustion chamber in the piston and the main valve plate.

During the stroke of the stroke, the piston under gas pressure goes to the BDC, while all valves are closed. 6. When the piston approaches the BDC, the exhaust control valve opens, then the main valve begins to open. 7.

During the exhaust stroke, the piston, moving to the TDC, pushes the exhaust gases through the open main valve and the open exhaust control valve. Fig. 8.

When the piston approaches the TDC, the main valve enters the combustion chamber, completely displacing the exhaust gases from it, then the inlet control valve opens, and a new portion of air through the inlet channel bypassing the partition pushes the remaining exhaust gases from the main valve channel to the exhaust channel. Thus, the combustion chamber is purged near the TDC, due to the partial combination of the intake and exhaust phases. Fig.9. Next, the exhaust valve closes and the intake stroke repeats.

When the exhaust control valve is opened during the intake stroke, the exhaust gas will be recirculated to the cylinder, which reduces the amount of harmful substances in the exhaust gases in some engine operating modes.

The engine is controlled by controlling the duration of the opening of the intake and exhaust control valves.

The internal combustion engine according to the invention can work when the crankshaft rotates both clockwise and counterclockwise, since the order of opening and closing the main valve is the same for any direction of rotation of the crankshaft, and the program of operation of the electric control valves can be changed.

Engine parts are made from materials known in the engine industry using known technologies.

Claims (5)

1. An internal combustion engine containing at least one cylinder-piston group, a cylinder block, a crankshaft, a gas distribution mechanism with one main valve opening the gas channel, passing into the inlet and outlet channels, equipped with control devices, the gas channel of the main valve being divided by a partition into two parts, the combustion chamber is made in the piston recess larger than the diameter of the main valve plate, and not less than the length of the main valve stroke, the shape of the lower part of the plate g avnogo valve follows the shape of the bottom of the combustion chamber, characterized in that the cylinder has a cooled end wall, wherein the cylinder coaxially, the piston and the combustion chamber has a main valve seat. 2. The internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the control devices contain at least one inlet and outlet control valve with an electric actuator. 3. The internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the connection of the piston and connecting rod is made by means of a ball joint. 4. The internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the fuel injection nozzle is installed with the possibility of fuel injection into the combustion chamber at the beginning of the intake stroke. 5. The internal combustion engine according to claim 4, characterized in that the main valve shaft has a central channel in which a fuel injection nozzle is installed.

Images