RU2361081C2 - Procedure of open pit development of mineral deposits - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to mining, particularly to open pit development of major mineral deposits. Procedure consists in exposing, preparing, boring, charging boreholes and in explosive breaking of rock mass with blocks, dispersed along working benches of the pit, in loading and in transporting rock mass to the places of piling or further processing. Also breakage of rock mass is performed by blocks of alternate height consisting of the central part of the block, uniting two benches, and of adjacent to the latter at different height one-bench parts of the block on a lower and upper benches, width of which is equal to width of transport strip on working benches of the pit. Further, side rows of boreholes are bored in form of diagonal rows.

EFFECT: increased volume of rock mass broken from block for one explosion, upgraded quality of crushing of rock mass with explosion, reduced idle time of equipment, reduced labour costs for machines and communications transfer at safe distance before explosion and their return to site after explosion, and also upgraded safety of operation.

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Description

The invention relates to the mining industry and, in particular, to the open development of mineral deposits.

There is a method of open-pit mining of mineral deposits with blocks of constant height, which consists in the fact that the opening, preparation, drilling, loading of wells and explosive breaking of the rock mass are carried out with blocks of the same height dispersed over the working ledges of the quarry, loading is carried out by excavators, and the rock mass is transported to places warehousing or subsequent processing is carried out by dump trucks [1].

The disadvantage of this method is the inability to place on the block a large number of rows of wells. The most common is four to six row block drilling. With such drilling, a significant part of the borehole charges operates in extreme conditions, which negatively affects the quality of crushing of the rock mass. On such a block, 50

thousand m ³ to 100 thousand m ^{3 of} rock mass. During mass explosions in quarries using 800-1000 tons of explosives per explosion, explosions are simultaneously carried out on 10-15 blocks dispersed throughout the quarry field. This leads to long equipment downtime and high labor and time costs for moving equipment and communications to safe distances before the explosion and for their return to working condition after the explosion.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a method of open-pit mining of mineral deposits with high ledges with excavation of rock mass in two layers. In the transition to the rock breakdown with high ledges, as a private episode, a block with a variable height in cross section is formed. After breaking one of such blocks with further advancement of mining to the side of the quarry, blocks with high ledges have a constant height equal to the total height of the combined ledges [2].

The disadvantages of this method are the reduction in the number of working ledges in the quarry in the places of rock breaking with high ledges, the formation of large, difficult to overcome resistance lines along the soles of the high ledges for subsequent blocks in this place of the quarry, the increased oversized yield, the increased risk of drilling rigs and excavators under high slopes of working ledges.

The aim of the invention is to significantly increase the volume of rock mass beaten on the block in one explosion, improve the quality of crushing rock mass by an explosion, reduce equipment downtime, reduce labor costs for moving machines and communications to an explosion at safe distances and return them to workplaces after an explosion, and also improving work safety.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the rock mass is blasted with blocks of variable height, consisting of uniting two ledges of the central part of the block and adjacent to it at different elevations of the single-stage parts of the block along the lower and upper ledges, the width of each of which is equal to the width of the transport lane on working ledges career; while the lateral rows of wells are drilled in the form of diagonal rows.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows a sequence diagram of mining operations with blocks of variable height during the development of mining operations in the direction of the pit; figure 2 shows a plan diagram of a drilled block of variable height; figure 3 shows a diagram of a cross section of a drilled block of variable height; figure 4 shows a diagram of a longitudinal section of a drilled block of variable height.

A method for open-pit mining of mineral deposits with blocks of variable height, consisting of three parts, comprises: a block of variable height 1, combining two ledges, the central part of block 2, a one-step part of the block along the lower ledge 3, a one-step part of the block along the upper ledge 4, drilled volume on the upper ledge 5, wells corresponding to the height of ledge 6, wells corresponding to the height of paired ledges - deep wells 7, the upper platform of the lower ledge 8, the lower edge of the upper ledge 9, the upper platform of the upper mouth UPA 10, the lower edge of the overlying ledge 11, the transport lane 12, the side passages 13, the rear passage 14, the side rows of wells 15.

The method is implemented as follows.

Wells 6 are drilled from the upper platform of the lower ledge 8 to the lower edge of the upper ledge 9 and along the side passage 13. Wells 6 and deep wells 7 are drilled from the upper platform of the upper ledge 10 in the central part of the drilling site. The last row of deep wells 7 is separated from the lower edge of the overlying ledge 11 by twice the width of the transport strip 12 on the working ledges of the quarry. The last row of wells 6 is separated from the lower edge of the overlying ledge 11 by the width of the transport strip 12. The volume 5 remains undrilled, the surface of which is the transport strip 12 along the upper platform of the upper ledge 10 after the explosion. The width of the drilled side 13 and rear 14 driveways is equal to the width of the transport strip 12 on the working ledges of the quarry. The lateral rows of wells 15 are drilled in the form of diagonal rows. After the explosion, the rock mass, beaten off on ledges of variable height, is removed by excavators in two layers.

Sequence listing

1 - variable height block

2 - the central part of the block uniting two ledges

3 - one-stage part of the block on the lower ledge

4 - one-stage part of the block on the upper ledge

5 - drilled volume on the upper ledge

6 - wells corresponding to the height of the ledge

7 - wells corresponding to the total height of paired benches, - deep wells

8 - upper platform of the lower ledge

9 - lower edge of the upper ledge

10 - the upper platform of the upper ledge

11 - the lower edge of the overlying ledge

12 - transport lane

13 - sideways

14 - rear passage

15 - side rows of wells

Information sources

1. Rzhevsky V.V., Novozhilov M.G., Yumatov B.P. Scientific fundamentals of quarry design. M., Nedra, 1971, 597 pp.

2. Drukovany M.F. Explosion control methods in quarries. M., Nedra, 1971, 415 p.

Claims (1)

The method of open development of mineral deposits, including opening, preparing, drilling, loading wells and blasting the rock mass with blocks dispersed over the working ledges of the quarry, loading and transporting the rock mass to storage or subsequent processing, characterized in that the rock mass lead blocks of variable height, consisting of combining two ledges of the Central part of the block and adjacent to it at different elevations of the single-stage parts of the block on the lower and upper it ledges, each width of which is equal to the transport width of the strip on the working ledges career, wherein side rows of wells drilled in the form of diagonal rows.

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