RU2355845C1 - Vibrating splitter - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engineering industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to engineering industry, and can be used for splitting ice and pressed snow on road pavements as well as for crushing items made from clay, concrete or reinforced concrete. Vibrating splitter consists of housing inside which there located are holders with pavement-breaking tools, and mechanism of its drive. On springs there installed is a vibrating plate with crushing and splitting tools. One or two unbalance vibration exciters with rotors rotating in opposite directions bring tools into vertical motion. Axes of vibration exciters are parallel and located from centre of inertia of the plate at a distance equal to or more than radius of inertia of the plate with vibration exciters. Rotor receives rotation through reduction gear and V-belt transmission from internal combustion engine that is fixed on the housing and has the possibility of controlling, owing to turning of unbalances, the action of tools on ice cover or reinforced-concrete item. Device is moved along the surface of the covering being split by means of a wheel pair and is installed at the height required for commencement of works depending on the covering thickness.

EFFECT: reducing failure probability of tools, reducing time of removal process of ice and pressed snow, and use of device for crushing clay, concrete and reinforced concrete.

3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering and can be used to split ice cover (ice), compressed snow on pedestrian sidewalks, on the roadway, in yards, etc., and can also be used in other cases when icing occurs, for example, on the decks of ships, runways of airfields, etc., and when using appropriate tools, it can also be used for crushing products from clay, concrete or reinforced concrete, for example, defective plates.

A device is known - an ice-cutting machine (RF patent No. 2175700 Е01Н 4 00, 5 09, Е02Д 27 36, publ. 10.11.2001 in bulletin No. 31). It is a cutting part mounted on a skeleton with a cutting chain member, a mechanism for deepening the cutting part and a mechanism for moving the skeleton, as well as an electric motor for their drive. The cutting part is equipped with removable cutting discs.

The disadvantages of this device include:

- lack of autonomy of movement, depending on the distance to the source of electricity, which leads to limited use of the machine;

- the complexity of the design of the machine;

- the duration of the process, since the cutting process, on the one hand, is associated with preliminary deepening of the cutting tool, and on the other hand, it is longer than the impact process of splitting.

It is also known a device adopted as a prototype, the working tool of which is suspended scrapers - it is an ice scraper with non-rotating tools equipped with protected cutting edges (US patent 6202327 Е01Н 4 00, Е01Н 5 04, publ. March 20, 2001). It is an ice scraper unit with a holder that carries (has) many non-rotating ice scraper tools designed to scrape ice and remove ice cover. The steel cutting head of the scraper has a carbide insert.

The disadvantages of this device include:

- the possibility of breakage of ice-scratching tools due to ingress of pebbles, stones, metal objects, etc., requiring disassembly of the device and replacement or regrinding of scrapers;

- the high cost of the device due to the use of expensive material - carbide - for the manufacture of inserts on the heads of the scrapers;

- a large investment of time in the process of removing ice cover due to layer-by-layer scraping of ice;

- increased energy intensity of the process of scraping ice.

The objective of the invention is to reduce the cost of the device, reduce energy consumption, reduce the likelihood of breaking crushing and splitting ice tools, reduce the duration of the ice cleaning process, make it possible to make the device autonomous, provide a device for cracking not only ice and compacted snow, but also for crushing clay, concrete reinforced concrete, etc.

The proposed device differs from the prototype in that it is made in the form of a pair of wheels moving on an ice cover or a reinforced concrete slab and having the ability to move vertically relative to its body, inside of which is mounted an oscillating plate mounted on springs with crushing and splitting tools driven in a vertically directed movement by one unbalanced vibration exciter or two self-synchronizing unbalanced exciters with rotors rotating against in the opposite directions, receiving rotation through the gearbox or V-belt drive from internal combustion engines fixed on the housing and allowing the possibility of controlling the force of the instruments on the ice cover or on the reinforced concrete product due to the unbalance turn, moreover, when using two vibration exciters, their axes are parallel.

The drawing shows a General view of the proposed device.

The device comprises a housing 1, in which springs 2 are placed with an oscillating plate 3 mounted on them. Holders of crushing and splitting tools are mounted in the oscillating plate 4. The holders can be made, for example, in the form of threaded (bolted) joints. Also, bearings 5 are installed on the plate, in which the vibration exciter 6 rotates.

To create vertical vibrations of the plate, you can use two independent vibration exciters with rotors rotating in opposite directions, and the axes of the vibration exciters are parallel and removed from the center of inertia of the plate by a distance equal to or greater than the radius of inertia of the plate with vibration exciters

where I is the moment of inertia of the oscillating parts of the installation relative to the axis passing through its center of gravity;

M is the mass of the plate.

The same average rotational speeds and the necessary stable phasing of both pathogens are ensured in the absence of any kinematic connections between them due to the phenomenon of self-synchronization (I.I. Blekhman. Vibration mechanics, Fizmatlit, M., 1994). Moreover, the location of the axes of the rotors of the vibration exciters cannot be arbitrary. As a theoretical study shows, in order to ensure the stability of vibration exciters, the so-called vibration moment must be sufficiently large compared to the nominal torque of the unit’s engines (see I.I. Blekhman. Vibration Mechanics, Fizmatlit, M., 1994, pp. 176-178 )

The indicated vibrational moment is proportional to

where M and I are also respectively the mass and moment of inertia of the oscillating parts of the installation relative to the axis passing through its center of gravity, and ρ is the distance between the axes of rotation of the rotors and the center of gravity.

As calculations and experimental studies show, to ensure stability, it is advisable to choose the distance ρ satisfying condition (1).

The unbalanced vibration exciter is a shaft with dual unbalances 7 fixed on it, which allows, depending on the thickness and strength of the ice coating or reinforced concrete product, to regulate the vibration amplitude of the slab with crushing and splitting tools and, therefore, to change the force acting on the ice coating or reinforced concrete product .

One unbalance is rigidly fixed to the shaft, the second unbalance has the possibility of angular rotation around the axis of the shaft of the exciter.

On a horizontal platform, on the outside of the housing, a bearing strut 8 is rigidly mounted with a shaft, which is connected to the vibration exciter shaft through an elastic coupling 9 on one side, and a V-belt pulley 10 is mounted on the other side. Another V-belt pulley is mounted on the gear shaft 11.

The gearbox is connected to the internal combustion engine 12.

The housing 1 on both sides is equipped with supports 13 for mounting the wheels 14, providing the movement of the device on an ice cover or a reinforced concrete slab, as well as in pairs “screw 15-nut 16” for its movement along the guides 17 relative to the wheels.

The device is brought (rolled up) to the edge of the ice cover or mounted on a reinforced concrete slab and depending on the thickness of the ice cover or reinforced concrete slab using the screw pair “screw 15-nut 16” is set to the height required to start work.

Crushing and splitting of the ice cover or reinforced concrete slab is carried out by transmitting rotation from the internal combustion engine 12 through the gearbox 11, the V-belt transmission 10, the shaft of the bearing strut 8 and the elastic coupling 9 to the shaft of the vibration exciter 6. When the unbalance 7 is mounted on the shaft of the vibration exciter, the plate 3 makes oscillations, as a result of which the tools fixed on it produce (carry out) crushing and splitting of the ice cover or reinforced concrete slab.

The advantages of the claimed device.

1. Using the proposed device significantly reduces the likelihood of breaking crushing and splitting ice tools, because Non-destructible objects, as a rule, do not cause damage.

2. The cost of the device is significantly reduced, because for the manufacture of ice-breaking and ice-crushing tools, the use of high-strength tool steels is not required.

3. Replacing the long process of scraping and cutting the ice cover with a short-term process of crushing and splitting increases several times the productivity of the proposed device, the efficiency of the process of cleaning surfaces from ice and reduces energy consumption.

4. The possibility of using the proposed device (in contrast to the prototype) not only for crushing and cracking ice, but also for crushing and splitting reinforced concrete slabs, etc.

Claims (3)

1. Vibro-splitter, consisting of a housing, inside which holders are placed with tools that destroy the coating, and a drive mechanism, characterized in that cracking and grinding tools are used as the tools that destroy the coating, and the holder is mounted in a plate driven by one oscillating vertically directed movement or by two vibration exciters mounted on the same plate, the rotors of which are driven from internal combustion engines mounted on the housing through a gearbox and V-belt transmission, moreover, in the case of using two vibration exciters, the rotation of their rotors is coordinated due to the self-synchronization phenomenon, for the stable implementation of which the rotors rotate in opposite directions, the rotor axes are parallel and removed from the plate center of inertia by a distance equal to or greater than the radius of inertia of the plate with vibration exciters

where I is the moment of inertia of the oscillating parts of the installation relative to the axis passing through its center of gravity; M is the mass of the plate. 2. Vibro-cracker according to claim 1, characterized in that the vibration exciter unbalances are made double, which allows you to adjust the amplitude of vibrations of the plate with crushing and splitting tools and, therefore, change the force of the instruments on the ice cover or reinforced concrete product. 3. Vibro-splitter according to claim 1, characterized in that, depending on the thickness of the ice cover or reinforced concrete product and for regulating the location of the tool relative to the destructible surface, the housing with the plate can move relative to the wheelset.