RU2349837C1 - Chambered swirling type furnace - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power production; heating.

SUBSTANCE: chambered swirling-type furnace consists of a housing, enclosed air-fuel mixture combustion chamber with flat liquid fuel evaporator and inflammation precombustion chamber with electric flame igniter. All the above components are interconnected by inner end wall having opening for precocombustion chamber installation and forming annular collector together with furnace housing. The annular collector is limited by the front and rear end walls of furnace housing. It is connected with air supply system through the nozzle. The nozzle is linked with the housing and combustion chamber through the pipes, which are tangentially installed along the inner collector wall perimeter. The walls are extended into combustion chamber by one of their ends. The nozzle is also connected to the precombustion chamber through the metering opening made in the wall. The evaporator is installed on the inner end wall, which is coupled with fuel supply pipeline to the evaporator. The evaporator closes pipeline outlet and separates precombustion chamber from combustion chamber. The latter is connected to the precombustion chamber through the opening made in the evaporator in front of the flame igniter. The flame igniter is fixed on the rear end wall of furnace housing. The flat heat energy reflection shield is fixed before the evaporator with air gap. The above shield covers the evaporator at precombustion chamber cross section area. The front end wall of the furnace housing is rimmed. The rimmed edge of wall projects into combustion chamber and forms furnace outlet, suddenly narrowing the combustion chamber. The heat energy reflection shield is placed before evaporator and in coaxial alignment to combustion chamber. It is provided with opening in the form of de Laval nozzle.

EFFECT: complete fuel burning by intensifying fuel air mixture combustion.

6 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of energy, in particular to furnaces for burning liquid fuel, and can be used in various heating devices, including vehicles.

A burner device is known that contains a combustion chamber bounded by a cylindrical wall with two rows of slotted holes symmetrically located in it along the perimeter and an end wall in which a central hole is made with an air supply nozzle entering coaxially to the combustion chamber, an air flow swirl, and an evaporative capillary structure arranged as on the cylindrical and on the end walls of the combustion chamber, a vortex flow former located between the nozzle and the evaporative capillary structure oh, for fitting the spark, the flame tube and the flame stabilizer (RU patent for invention №2200904 C1 Burner device -.. MPK7 F23D 5/06 -. 20.03.2003). A disadvantage of the known device is the speed limit for mixing the fuel-air mixture, which reduces the efficiency of use of the burner device.

A burner device is known that contains a combustion chamber installed in the housing with the formation of an annular channel enveloping it with a closed outlet end and in communication with an air supply system, at the inlet of which an evaporation element is installed, in communication with the fuel supply channel, and an ignition element. The combustion chamber has at least two rows of holes for supplying air to it located on its lateral surface, the first row of holes of which are located near the evaporation element and are tangential, and the last is near the outlet of the combustion chamber, behind which the afterburner is installed with sudden expansion (RU patent for utility model No. 62211 U1. Burner device. - MPK7 F23D 5/00. - 2007.03.27). A disadvantage of the known technical solution is the incomplete combustion of fuel, which requires an additional afterburner.

The closest analogue in technical essence to the claimed invention is a burner device comprising a housing, a combustor-air mixture combustion chamber with a flat fuel evaporator and an ignition chamber with an electric igniter placed therein, interfaced with an internal end wall with an opening for installing the chamber chamber and forming with the housing, an annular collector enclosing them, bounded by the front and rear end walls of the housing and communicating on one side with the supply system and air through the nozzle, and on the other hand, with the combustion chamber through tubes tangentially installed along the perimeter of the inner wall of the manifold, at least in one row, protruding at one end into the combustion chamber, and with a prechamber through at least one metering hole in the wall of the prechamber. The evaporator is located on the surface of the end wall associated with the pipeline of the liquid fuel supply system to the evaporator made of heat-resistant porous material with a capillary structure that overlaps the outlet of the liquid fuel supply pipe and separates the prechamber from the combustion chamber communicating with each other through a window made in the opposite direction of the evaporator igniter mounted on the rear end wall of the housing. In front of the evaporator with an air gap, a flat screen is fixed to the window reflecting the thermal energy emitted from the combustion chamber, covering the surface of the evaporator on the cross-sectional area of the prechamber (RU patent for utility model No. 48619 U1. Burner device. - MPK7 F23D 5/00. - 2007.03. 27). This device is taken as a prototype.

A disadvantage of the known device adopted for the prototype is the incomplete combustion of fuel, which leads to the release into the atmosphere of gases with a high content of toxic substances.

The main task, to the solution of which the claimed technical solution is directed, is to increase the completeness of fuel combustion by intensifying the combustion of the resulting air-fuel mixture.

The technical result achieved by the implementation of the proposed technical solution is to increase the efficiency of fuel combustion by improving the quality of formation of the fuel-air mixture, which ensures the intensity of combustion and reduces the content of toxic substances in gases released into the atmosphere.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known chamber vortex furnace containing the furnace body, the combustion chamber of the fuel-air mixture with a flat fuel evaporator and the ignition pre-chamber with an electric igniter are placed therein, interconnected by an internal end wall with an opening for installing the pre-chamber housing and forming an annular collector enclosing them with the furnace body, bounded by the front and rear end walls of the furnace body and communicating on one side with the supply system air through a pipe connected to the furnace body and, on the other hand, to the combustion chamber through tubes tangentially mounted along the perimeter of the inner wall of the manifold, at least in one row, protruding at one end into the combustion chamber, and with a prechamber, at least through a single metering hole in the prechamber housing, and the evaporator is located on the surface of the inner end wall associated with the pipeline of the liquid fuel supply system to the evaporator made of heat-resistant porous material with a capillary structure a swarm that overlaps the outlet of the liquid fuel supply pipe and separates the prechamber from the combustion chamber, communicating with each other through a window made in the evaporator opposite the igniter mounted on the rear end wall of the casing, and a flat screen of reflection of thermal energy is fixed concentrically to the window in front of the evaporator with an air gap, emitted from the combustion chamber, covering the surface of the evaporator on the cross-sectional area of the prechamber, according to the proposed technical solution

- the front end wall of the housing, restricting the collector, is made with a side protruding into the combustion chamber, forming a furnace outlet with a sudden narrowing of the combustion chamber, and tangentially installed tubes protrude into the combustion chamber with the end edge along the length of the short tube forming cylinder, at least at the level the sides of the outlet, while in the reflection screen of the radiated heat energy, a hole is made coaxial to the window in the evaporator;

- tangentially installed tubes at the other end are flush with the outside of the combustion chamber, and the manifold connection pipe to the air supply system is located tangentially to the housing wall, providing air swirling along the annular manifold in the direction of swirling of the fuel-air mixture in the combustion chamber;

- the hole in the reflection screen of the radiated thermal energy has the shape of a Laval nozzle directed towards the outlet of the furnace;

- along the inner perimeter of the prechamber from the end face adjacent to the evaporator, a drainage recess is made, for example, in the form of a chamfer;

- the fuel supply system to the evaporator is equipped, for example, with a plunger pump for injecting liquid fuel;

- the forced air supply system is equipped with an air injection device, for example a fan.

The analysis of the prior art cited by the applicant made it possible to establish that there are no analogues that are characterized by sets of features identical to all the features of the claimed chamber vortex furnace. Therefore, the claimed technical solution meets the condition of patentability "novelty."

The search results for known solutions in the art in order to identify features that match the distinctive features of the prototype of the features of the claimed technical solution have shown that they do not follow explicitly from the prior art. From the prior art determined by the applicant, the influence of the transformations provided for by the essential features of the claimed technical solution on the achievement of the specified technical result has not been revealed. Therefore, the claimed technical solution meets the condition of patentability "inventive step".

Figure 1 shows a diagram of a chamber vortex furnace, a longitudinal section; figure 2 is the same, a section aa in figure 1; figure 3 is the same, a section bB in figure 1.

The chamber vortex furnace contains a housing 1, a chamber 2 for burning the air-fuel mixture with a flat evaporator 3 of liquid fuel and an ignition chamber 4 with an electric igniter 5, interconnected by an internal end wall 6 with an opening for installing the housing 7 of the chamber 4, forming with housing 1, an annular collector 8 enclosing them, bounded by the front 9 and rear 10 end walls of the housing 1, communicating on the one hand with the air supply system through the pipe 11, and on the other, with the combustion chamber 2 through bki 12 tangentially mounted on the perimeter of the inner wall 13 of the reservoir 8, at least in one row, and with prechamber 4, at least one dispensing through hole 14 in the housing 7 prechamber 4 (Figure 1). The evaporator 3 is located on the inner end wall 6 connected to the pipeline 15 of the liquid fuel supply system to the evaporator 3 made of heat-resistant porous material with a capillary structure that overlaps the outlet of the liquid fuel supply pipe 15 and separates the prechamber 4 from the combustion chamber 2, the latter communicates with pre-chamber 4 through the window 16 in the evaporator 3 opposite the igniter 5, mounted on the rear end wall 10 of the housing 1. Along the inner perimeter of the pre-chamber 4 from the end face adjacent to the vapor body 3, made a drainage recess 17 in the form of a chamfer. In front of the evaporator 3 with an air gap 18, a flat screen 19 of reflection of thermal energy emitted from the combustion chamber 2 is fixed, covering the surface of the evaporator 3 with an area equal to the cross-sectional area of the prechamber 4. The front end wall 9 of the housing 1, bounding the manifold 8, is made with a bead 20, protruding into the combustion chamber 2 and forming the outlet of the furnace 21 with a sudden narrowing of the combustion chamber 2, providing intensive vortex mixing of the fuel-air mixture in it. The tangentially installed tubes 12 protrude at one end into the combustion chamber 2 by the end edge along the length of the short cylinder generatrix 22 of the tube 12, at least at the side 20 of the furnace outlet 21, and the other end is flush with the outside of the combustion chamber 2 (FIG. 2 ) The screen 19 of reflection of the radiated thermal energy is made with a hole 23, coaxial to the window 16 in the evaporator 3, having the shape of a Laval nozzle, directed towards the outlet of the furnace 21, stabilizing the combustion of the fuel-air mixture and the heat flow in the direction of the outlet of the furnace 21 (Fig.3 ) The pipe 11 of the connection of the collector 8 with the forced air supply system is located tangentially to the wall of the housing 1 with the provision of air swirling along the annular collector 8 in the direction of turbulence of the fuel-air mixture in the combustion chamber2, which increases the combustion rate. The system for supplying liquid fuel to the evaporator 3 is equipped, for example, with a plunger pump (not shown conventionally). The air supply system is equipped with an air injection device, for example a fan (not conventionally shown).

The proposed chamber vortex furnace works as follows.

At the time of starting the chamber vortex furnace, an electric igniter 5, an air supply fan and a plunger pump for injecting liquid fuel are included. Air is pumped by the fan through the nozzle 11 into the manifold 8, from which air under pressure enters through the metering hole 14 into the ignition chamber 4 and into the combustion chamber 2 through tubes 12, the latter being created by the air jets in the combustion chamber 2 between the evaporator 3 and the side 20 of the outlet 21 turbulent flow. Liquid fuel is pumped by a plunger pump through a pipe 15 through an inner end wall 6 to an evaporator 3 made of a heat-resistant porous material with a capillary structure. Under the action of capillary wetting forces, fuel is absorbed into the evaporator 3 and spreads over its surfaces, which protrudes from the evaporator 3 and evaporates both in the combustion chamber 2 on the area of the inner end wall 6 and in the pre-ignition chamber 4 on its cross-sectional area. In the prechamber, 4 vapors of liquid fuel break down from the evaporator 3 by a stream of injected air, forming a fuel-air mixture, which moves under the pressure of the air through the evaporator 3 to the window 16 for discharge from the pre-chamber 4, flowing around the heated ignitor 5, the latter ignites the resulting air-fuel mixture, and the air injected into the pre-chamber 4 emits a flammable fuel-air mixture in the form of an ignition torch from the pre-chamber 4 through the window 16 into the combustion chamber 2. In this case, the non-evaporated fuel flows down the surface of the evaporator 3 into the drainage facet 17. In the combustion chamber 2, a turbulent air stream breaks off fuel vapor from the surface of the evaporator 3, forming a fuel-air mixture, and directs it into the air gap 18 between the evaporator 3 and the screen 19 in the direction openings 23. When meeting with the ignition torch exiting the pre-chamber 4 through the window 16, the air-fuel mixture ignites and, under the influence of the torch discharged from the window 16, is discharged through the opening 23 into the combustion chamber 2, from which oic stream ejected by air pressure through the outlet chamber 21 of the furnace. When heating the evaporator 3 impregnated with liquid fuel, intensive evaporation of the liquid is carried out on both sides of the evaporator 3 and in the drainage facet 17. The liquid vapor from the pre-chamber 4 through the window 16 and part of the turbulent flow of the fuel-air mixture flowing through the air gap 18, under the air pressure a hole 23 in the combustion chamber 2, in which the turbulence of the air-fuel mixture in the chamber is amplified by means of a pipe 11 connected tangentially to the wall of the housing 1, with air swirling along the annular manifold 8 e2 combustion, increasing the intensity of the entire combustion air-fuel mixture, and the direction of the hole 23 having the shape of a Laval nozzle, toward the outlet 21 of the furnace stabilizes the heat flow towards the outlet 21 of the furnace. When achieving stable combustion of the fuel-air mixture in the combustion chamber 2, the combustion process goes into automatic mode and the electric igniter 5 is turned off. Turning off the operation of the chamber vortex furnace is done by shutting off the systems for supplying liquid fuel and air.

The use of the proposed chamber vortex furnace will increase the efficiency of the use of heating devices using liquid fuel, for example, in vehicles.

Claims (6)

1. A chamber vortex furnace containing a furnace body, a chamber for burning the fuel-air mixture with a flat fuel evaporator and an ignition chamber with an electric igniter placed therein, interconnected by an internal end wall with an opening for installing the camera body and forming a ring surrounding the furnace body a collector bounded by the front and rear end walls of the furnace body and communicating on one side with the air supply system through a pipe connected to the furnace body, and on the other - with a combustion chamber through tubes tangentially installed around the perimeter of the inner wall of the collector, at least in one row, protruding at one end into the combustion chamber, and with a pre-chamber, through at least one metering hole in the pre-chamber housing, and the evaporator is located on the surface of the inner end wall associated with the pipeline system for supplying liquid fuel to the evaporator, made of heat-resistant porous material with a capillary structure that overlaps the outlet of the liquid supply pipe fuel and separating the prechamber from the combustion chamber, communicating with each other through a window made in the evaporator opposite the igniter mounted on the rear end wall of the housing, and in front of the evaporator with an air gap a flat screen is fixed to the window reflecting the thermal energy emitted from the combustion chamber, covering the surface the evaporator on the cross-sectional area of the prechamber, characterized in that the front end wall of the housing defining the collector is made with a side protruding into the combustion chamber, forming the outlet of the furnace with a sudden narrowing of the combustion chamber, and the tangentially installed tubes protrude into the combustion chamber with the edge of the end along the length of the short generatrix of the tube at least at the side of the outlet, while an opening is made in the reflection screen of the radiated heat energy, coaxial to the window in the evaporator. 2. Chamber vortex furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the tangentially installed tubes at the other end are flush with the outside of the combustion chamber, and the manifold connection pipe to the air supply system is tangent to the wall of the housing, providing air swirling along the annular collector in the direction turbulence of the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber. 3. The chamber vortex furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the hole in the reflection screen of the radiated heat energy has the shape of a Laval nozzle directed towards the outlet of the furnace. 4. The chamber vortex furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that along the inner perimeter of the prechamber from the end face adjacent to the evaporator, a drainage recess is made in the form of a chamfer. 5. Chamber vortex furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the fuel supply system to the evaporator is equipped, for example, with a plunger pump for injecting liquid fuel. 6. Chamber vortex furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the air supply system is equipped with an air injection device, for example a fan.

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