RU2349088C1 - Method to improve temperature stability of vegetable plants - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture. The seeds are pretreated before sowing during 10-12 hours with plant-based preparation. The solution of epibrassinolyde in 10 nM/l concentration is used as plant-based preparation. After that, the above solution is used for secondary treatment of young plants but in 10 mcM/l concentration at normal consumption in the amount of 2-3 ml/plant.

EFFECT: possibility of plant growth and development stimulating, generative development processes intensifying and plant productivity improving under conditions of extraordinary temperatures.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in crop production.

Most of Russia belongs to the zone of unstable temperatures, so cultivated plants are constantly exposed to adverse factors: short-term frosts, prolonged lowering and rising temperatures. Therefore, one of the problems is to increase the resistance of plants to both low and high temperatures.

Various methods are used to increase the resistance of plants to separately acting factors in individual crops.

A known method of treating seeds of flax flax cultivar Alexim epin in a dose of 20-25 mg / ha to increase plant resistance to low temperatures (-7 ° C), manifested in the conservation of seedlings and plant growth intensity (Belopukhov S.L., Fokin E.V. The effect of protective stimulating complexes with epin on the growth and development of flax flax / Izv.

The closest is a method of increasing frost resistance of winter wheat, which includes pre-sowing treatment of plants with a biologically active preparation based on triterpene acids extracted from green fir fir by extraction with subsequent treatment with an alkaline agent (RU No. 2269895, IPC ⁷ A01N 65/00, publ. 02.20.2006 g .).

A disadvantage of the known methods are the high consumption rates of the drug (0.5-1.0 l / t of seeds). In addition, the use of drugs is limited only by low negative temperatures, which limits its wider use as an antistress. A number of drugs include compounds that have an unknown effect on the plant.

The technical result consists in increasing the heat resistance of vegetable plants to various adverse temperatures - from low positive to high. In addition, stimulation of plant growth and development is induced, which leads to increased yields.

The technical result of the invention is achieved in that a method of increasing the heat resistance of vegetables involves pre-sowing seed treatment with a phytopreparation solution, which uses an epibrassinolide solution at a concentration of 10 nM / L, for 10-12 hours, followed by secondary treatment of young plants with an epibrassinolide solution at a concentration of 10 μM / l at a flow rate of 2-3 ml / plant.

Epibrassinolide, a phytohormone of steroid nature with a growth-promoting effect, was first isolated from the lipid fraction of rape pollen. Currently, brassinosteroids are synthesized mainly from campesterol (Khripach V.A., Zhabinsky V.N., Lakhvach F.A. Prospects for the practical use of brassinosteroids - a new class of phytohormones / Agricultural Biology, 1995. - No. 1. - P.3- 9). The studies used a solution of epibrassinolide in ampoules (brand name Epin-Extra R).

The duration of pre-sowing seed treatment with the drug less than 10 hours reduces the intake of the active substance in the seeds. The duration of presowing seed treatment for more than 12 hours reduces the effectiveness of the drug due to the decomposition of organic substances and the accumulation of decay products.

A concentration of 10 nM / L had the most effective effect on seed germination and seedling growth compared to control (untreated) seeds (Table 1).

The increase in thermal stability was checked by the example of tomato seeds of an early ripe variety (Boyarin) and a mid-ripening variety (Gruntovo-Gribovsky).

The method is as follows.

Seeds are soaked in solutions of epibrassinolide concentration of 10 nm / l for 10-12 hours at a temperature of 24 ° C. After that, the seeds are washed, planted in vessels with soil and grown to the age of 6-7 true leaves. Then, young plants are re-treated (sprayed) with a solution of epibrassinolide at a concentration of 10 μM / L at a dose of 2-3 ml / plant. The heat resistance of plants is assessed by placing 14-day-old seedlings at different temperatures: optimal temperature (22-23 ° C), elevated temperature (35-36 ° C), long-term cooling (10-12 ° C), short-term cooling (2-3 ° C). Short-term cooling was simulated for 3 days for 8 hours daily. Plants kept under the same temperature conditions, but without preliminary treatment with an epibrassinolide solution, were used as a control. After the termination of the temperature factor, the growth parameters of plants were determined: the length of the aboveground and underground organs, the wet and dry mass of plants, the dry matter content in the leaves and roots, the area of the leaf surface, as well as the net productivity of photosynthesis.

5 days after the cessation of adverse temperatures, the plants are dived and planted in open ground for the subsequent determination of tomato productivity in the aftermath of the stress factor.

It was revealed that pre-sowing seed treatment with an epibrassinolide solution at a concentration of 10 nM / L significantly increased compared to untreated plants: shoot height, root length, wet and dry weight, dry matter content in leaves, net photosynthesis productivity in all temperature variants (Table. 2). The use of epibrassinolide solution in all cases increased the yield due to an increase in the number of fruits from one plant (Table 3). Tomato productivity increased by 21% (1.58 kg / m ² ) after a temperature of 23-24 ° C; 12% (0.82 kg / m ² ) - after 35-36 ° С; 28% (1.91 kg / m ² ) - after 10-12 ° С; 12% (0.87 kg / m ² ) - after 2-3 ° C.

The combination of presowing treatment and spraying of plants with epibrassinolide solution had a more effective effect on the development and productivity of tomato. Foliar treatment accelerated the onset of the budding phase by 7–9 days compared to the control and by 2–4 days compared to only the pre-sowing treatment. The double use of the epibrassinolide solution increased the crop yield by 3% at the optimum temperature, by 14% at increased, by 6% with prolonged cooling and by 3% with strong short-term cooling (Table 3).

Thus, the proposed solution allows us to stimulate the growth and development of plants, strengthen the processes of generative development and increase productivity against stressful temperatures.

Table 1 Options Control (no processing) Epibrassinolide Concentration 100 nM / L 10 nM / L 1 nM / L Germination,% 98.0 ± 3.8 96 ± 4.1 100.0 ± 4.3 100.0 ± 3.9 Root length mm 9.1 ± 0.43 7.6 ± 0.25 15.2 ± 0.65 11.8 ± 0.52 Hypokotel length, mm 5.0 ± 0.12 3.5 ± 0.10 4.2 ± 0.22 3.5 ± 1.6

table 2 Growth parameters Temperature 22-23 ° C 34-35 ° C 10-12 ° 2-3 ° C water epibrassinolide water epibrassinolide water epibrassinolide water epibrassinolide Shoot height mm 89.0 ± 0.2 155.0 ± 0.3 77.0 ± 0.3 182.0 ± 0.2 87.0 ± 0.3 148.0 ± 0.3 54.0 ± 0.4 119.0 ± 0.35 The length of the roots, mm 38.0 ± 0.2 60.0 ± 0.3 32.0 ± 0.1 47.0 ± 0.2 35.0 ± 0.2 40.0 ± 0.1 28.0 ± 0.0 40.0 ± 0.00 Wet weight, g 0.64 ± 0.05 0.42 ± 0.03 0.55 ± 0.03 0.74 ± 0.09 0.51 ± 0.02 0.52 ± 0.05 0.47 ± 0.04 0.52 ± 0.01 Dry weight, g 0.030 ± 0.01 0.016 ± 0.01 0.025 ± 0.00 0.027 ± 0.01 0.019 ± 0.002 0.020 ± 0.00 0.015 ± 0.01 0.019 ± 0.02 The dry matter content in leaves,% 3.5 ± 0.02 2.8 ± 0.01 1.5 ± 0.03 2.0 ± 0.00 0.5 ± 0.01 1.7 ± 0.02 0.3 ± 0.01 1.0 ± 0.01 The content of dry matter in the roots,% 2.1 ± 0.03 1.0 ± 0.03 0.8 ± 0.02 0.8 ± 0.03 0.9 ± 0.03 0.5 ± 0.00 1.5 ± 0.03 0.3 ± 0.01 The area of 1 sheet, cm ² 17.0 ± 0.02 5.8 ± 0.03 8.9 ± 0.03 7.1 ± 0.01 11.3 ± 0.08 5.1 ± 0.03 8.1 ± 0.06 6.4 ± 0.02 NPF, g / m ² · day 0.50 ± 0.01 0.20 ± 0.00 0.15 ± 0.03 3,50 ± 0,03 0.20 ± 0.02 0.40 ± 0.02 0.10 ± 0.01 0.90 ± 0.01

Table 3 Temperature option The mass of fruits kg / m ² Control (no processing) Presowing treatment Double processing 23-24 ° C 7.51 ± 2.56 9.09 ± 3.18 9.37 ± 4.12 35-36 ° C 7.08 ± 3.15 7.90 ± 2.89 9.13 ± 3.40 10-12 ° C 6.69 ± 2.32 8.60 ± 3.70 9.10 ± 4.23 2-3 ° C 7.28 ± 2.20 8.15 ± 3.36 8.40 ± 4.03

Claims (1)

A method of increasing the heat resistance of vegetable crops, including pre-sowing seed treatment with a phytopreparation solution, characterized in that an epibrassinolide solution at a concentration of 10 nM / l for 10-12 hours is used as a phytopreparation, followed by secondary treatment of young plants with an epibrassinolide solution at a concentration of 10 μM / l at flow rate of 2-3 ml / plant.