RU2346378C1 - Electrical radial motion machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to the sphere of electrical engineering and may find implementation in such technical industries as nuclear power generation, metallurgy and others. The electrical machine consists of a housing represented by two pipe sections (the inner one and the outer one) and encasing twelve channels that taper in the direction from the outer pipe to the inner one. Liquid metal flows through the channels. Between the channels there are permanent magnets arranged that generate a magnetic flux in the channels. As a result of the current (that circulates through the channels) interacting with the channels electromotive force is induced in the liquid metal mass.

EFFECT: simplification of the current drainage system and, consequently, machine design which ultimately results in reduction of manufacturing costs due to the channel sections serial connection to external circuit.

2 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering and can be used in metallurgy, energy, chemistry.

The essence of the proposal. Operating principle.

There are two classes of electric machines: rotational and translational motion. The energy conversion in them is associated with the presence of electromagnetic force and electromotive force (EMF).

The value of the electromagnetic force - F can be represented as the vector product of the total magnetic flux - Ф by the total current - I, interacting with the flux F.

The EMF of the machine - E can be represented as the vector product of the total magnetic flux Φ by the linear velocity of the moving part of the machine - V.

For rotational and translational motion machines, four combinations of the arrangement of the vectors F, Ф and I are possible with respect to the axis of the machine AA. Figure 1 shows the location of the vectors of the most common type of electric machines, when the current is directed along the axis AA and the flow radially to it; in figure 2, the vectors I and F have changed places - these are disk electric machines. Figures 3 and 4 show combinations of the arrangement of the vectors F, F, and I relative to the axis AA for translational motion machines. So we used four combinations of the arrangement of vectors relative to the axis AA. In total, there are six possible combinations of the arrangement of the vectors F, Ф and I relative to the axis AA, therefore, a third class of electrical machines can and must exist.

The third class of electrical machines can be radial motion machines. The location of the vectors F, Ф and I for them relative to the axis A-A is given in Figs. 5 and 6. Here, as for the classes of rotational and translational motion, various options for the location of the vectors Ф and I are considered while maintaining the radial direction of the vector F. If the machine according to the variant of FIG. 5 has a circular cross section, then the induction vectors from the flux Ф are closed along concentric circles relative to the axis AA. Due to this, in the machine of the embodiment of FIG. 5, the device of the excitation system, the inductor can be simpler using permanent magnets, which is difficult in the embodiment of FIG. 6.

Since the electromagnetic forces in electric radial motion machines must always be directed radially towards the central axis, the radial channels should be tapering towards the central axis AA, and the moving mass moving in the channels should be ionized gases or liquid, including including molten metal.

An analogue of the proposed electric machine can be a MHD generator according to patent EP 0058266 publ. 08/25/1982 (3).

The specifics of the design and the principle of operation of electric machines of radial action according to this invention are presented in the machine by the example of the generator mode according to the embodiment of FIG. 5, a cross-sectional sketch of which is shown in FIG. 7 and a longitudinal section in FIG. In Fig. 7, the machine body 1, the radial channels 2, the elements of the excitation system 3 in the form of permanent magnets are indicated, and the current direction I is shown with a + sign, the location of the vectors F, Ф and I for part of the channels, and the polarity of the permanent magnets N, S is indicated ; on Fig shows the direction of current I, forces F and electrodes 4 for supplying current I to the channels from external voltage, made in the form of metal plates adjacent to the edges of the channels.

As a moving mass for the generator mode, ionized gases are usually accepted: low- or high-temperature plasma, supplied through nozzle 5 to the narrowed portions of the channels in the region of the central axis AA with increased pressure. The kinetic energy of the supplied gases is spent on overcoming the electromagnetic forces F, and the movement of the conductive mass - the conductor - with a speed V ensures the creation of EMF on electrodes 4 and current I in the external circuit.

Like machines of the rotational and translational motion class, the radial motion machine is also capable of operating in the motor mode. In this case, the movable mass, brought to the radial channels from the cavity between the housing and the inductor elements, will come under the influence of force F into the longitudinal cavity located along axis AA, creating a head that ensures the mass moves outside the machine.

In the generator mode, the ionized mass (ionized gas) is supplied with increased pressure to the pipe section 5, which serves as a nozzle, and then through the radial channels into the cavity of the housing 1, where it is disposed of.

The moving mass is considered in the form of ionized gases or liquids.

It is possible that in electric radial motion machines it is possible to use a moving mass in the form of a solid conductor - powder or other electrically conductive solid particles.

As an example of known analogues of the proposed machine can also be considered electric machines of radial motion in the motor mode for the moving mass in the form of ionized gases or liquids. Such machines, called magnetodynamic - MHD machines, are used, although not too widely, due to known shortcomings (1, 2).

In MHD induction-type machines, similar to linear asynchronous machines, there is a significant air gap equal to the height of the duct through which liquid metal is passed, this sharply reduces the power factor and efficiency of the machines. In addition, a significant complication of the design and deterioration of machine performance cause edge effects, scattering fluxes and more.

MHD machines of induction type, similar to linear asynchronous machines, have a significant air gap equal to the height of the duct through which liquid metal is passed, this sharply reduces the power factor and efficiency of the machines. In addition, a significant complication of the design and deterioration of machine performance cause edge effects, scattering fluxes and more.

MHD conductive-type machines, like DC machines, have low energy performance and design difficulties associated with the problem of supplying current to metal in pump mode, measured in several hundred thousand amperes at a voltage of 2-4 V, which is the case for high-capacity pumps . The excitation system for the required magnetic flux is also complicated because of the large air gaps.

These difficulties can be overcome to a large extent in the proposed MHD generator or MHD pump for radial movement.

According to Fig.7, the proposed machine instead of one channel, with a large air gap by analogy, the number of channels is selected 12, but it is also possible a larger number with a corresponding reduction in air gap. The channel area is significant, but the average width — the air gap — is not large, which makes it possible to simplify the excitation system using permanent magnets. The current supply or removal system is sharply (12 times) simplified, since they can be connected in series by external jumpers 6 connecting the output of one channel to the input of an adjacent channel on the opposite side, thereby increasing the EMF many times, which is proportional to the total EMF of the channels, and increasing productivity and power generator. The design of machine elements is simplified and energy indicators are improved.

The proposed design of the electric machine, in addition to the existing classes of machines of rotational and translational motion, is characterized in that it is made with the number of channels more than two, which are located between the sources of the magnetic field and tapering towards the central axis of the machine. This is a step in the field of new technologies. Electric radial motion machines can be used in energy, including nuclear, for pumping metals with a low melting point, as well as in other areas for various purposes.

Information sources

1. Voldek A.I. "Induction magnetodynamic machines with a metallic liquid body", 1970.

2. Birzvalk Yu.A. "Fundamentals of the theory and calculation of conductive MHD DC pumps", 1968.

3. Patent EP 0058266 from 08.25.1982

Claims (2)

1. An electric radial motion machine containing a cylindrical inductor for creating a magnetic flux and a channel with an electrically conductive moving mass, in which electromagnetic and electromotive forces are generated from interaction with a magnetic field, characterized in that it is made with the number of channels more than two, and the channels are radially arranged between the sources of the magnetic field of the inductor and made tapering towards the central axis of the machine. 2. The electric machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the channels are equipped with external jumpers connecting them in series.

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