CN106712333A - Design method of no-commutating permanent magnet direct current rotating motor - Google Patents

Design method of no-commutating permanent magnet direct current rotating motor Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106712333A
CN106712333A CN201710176754.6A CN201710176754A CN106712333A CN 106712333 A CN106712333 A CN 106712333A CN 201710176754 A CN201710176754 A CN 201710176754A CN 106712333 A CN106712333 A CN 106712333A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
permanent magnet
direct current
commutation
rotor
rotating machine
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Pending
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CN201710176754.6A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
丁士来
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to CN201710176754.6A priority Critical patent/CN106712333A/en
Publication of CN106712333A publication Critical patent/CN106712333A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/16—Stator cores with slots for windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/16—Stator cores with slots for windings
    • H02K1/165—Shape, form or location of the slots
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2746—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets arranged with the same polarity, e.g. consequent pole type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2786—Outer rotors

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc Machiner (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a design method of a no-commutating permanent magnet direct current rotating motor. The rotating motor is designed according to the principle that a current-carrying coil is subjected to ampere force in a magnetic field and a conductor cuts magnetic lines of force to generate induced electromotive force and the characteristic that a ferromagnet isolates and shields the magnetic field. By using the method, no matter the rotating motor is used as a direct current motor or a direct current generator, a commutating device is not needed; the rotating motor is mainly composed of a stator winding and rotor permanent magnets, and the stator winding is axially wound on the cylindrical wall of a cylindrical ferromagnet core; and the polar faces of the same magnetic poles of a plurality of permanent magnets on the rotor face the stator winding. The design method has the advantages: the permanent magnet direct current rotating motor does not need a commutating device, and the defect of shot service life of the direct current motor due to commutation is overcome; the requirement of a sensor and a supporting electronic element of a brushless direct current motor for the working environment is eliminated; and the permanent magnet direct current rotating motor has the advantages of simplicity in processing, low manufacturing cost, low fault rate and long service life.

Description

A kind of method for designing without commutation DC electric rotating machine
Technical field
It is exactly a kind of permanent magnetism without carbon brush and electronic commutating device the present invention relates to dc rotating machine field The method for designing of dc rotating machine.
Background technology
In direct current generator series, point brushed DC motor and brshless DC motor.Brushed DC motor has invertibity, Both can be used as dc motor；Can also be used as dc generator.When being used as motor, brushed DC electricity The brushgear of machine has two functions, one be DC current is imported and exported into armature winding, two be commutation effect；As generator When using, the function of brushgear is then derivation after the AC rectification for producing armature winding sensing.Brshless DC motor is only It is to change mechanical electric brush commutator into use electronics (Hall element) reverse flow technique, its effect is equally commutation function.Brushed DC Motor has governor control characteristics good, and convenient, smooth, speed adjustable range is wide；Overload capacity is strong, can realize busy shift, braking and The advantages of counter-rotating.But, brushgear is a not eliminable shortcoming because commutation produces ring fire and short service life. The electronic commutator assembled on brshless DC motor is generally photoelectricity or magnetic sensor, and the sensor and the electronics that matches Element is have certain requirement to working environment, and can otherwise fail makes motor to work.
Permanent magnet occupies certain status in machine field, permanent magnet have N poles and S poles point, ferromagnetics can be attracted Material.For magnetic property, material can be divided three classes：One class is paramagnetics；One class is diamagnetism；3rd class is ferromagnetics.Iron Magnetic substance has magnetic permeability μ very highr, can either also be had the performance in Isolated Shield magnetic field by the magnetic field suction of permanent magnet.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is directed to being commutated with the presence of brush for installation or lacking for brushless commutation on existing dc rotating machine Point, there is provided a kind of low, long service life without commutation DC electric rotating machine without any type of reversing arrangement, fault rate Method for designing.
Technical scheme
Structure type：As shown in accompanying drawing 3 and accompanying drawing 4, using the DC electric rotating machine of present invention design, mainly by fixed Son and rotor composition.Stator is main to be made up of cylindrical shape Combined iron core 8 and the armature winding 1 being looped around on iron core, combined type Iron core is made up of the annular non-ferromagnetic material iron core 8b positioned inside cylindrical shape ferromagnetics iron core 8a and on the outside of iron core.Cylinder The notch for embedding direct current winding, annular non-ferromagnetic material iron core 8b outsides is provided with the inside of shape ferromagnetics iron core 8a also to be provided with For the notch of embedding direct current winding；DC coil winding 1 is looped around in the interior exterior notch of assembling iron core.Permanent-magnet magnetic is installed on rotor Body 2, installation form is：The pole-face of the like pole (N poles or S poles) of polylith permanent magnet all towards stator winding in other words all towards The rotor center of circle.Air gap 9 is provided between rotor and stator, air-gap field is rotor permanent magnet magnetic field.
Operation principle：Below by two experiments design principle of the invention is illustrated with reference to accompanying drawing 1 and accompanying drawing 2.
Experiment one：Experiment purpose：Prove that current-carrying coil also wants translation in nonuniform magnetic fields coil in addition to rotating.
Specific practice：Referring to Fig. 1, wherein (a) (b) figure represents the operation principle schematic diagram of traditional permanent magnet DC motor.When Coil 1 after carbon brush 5 and slip ring 4 connect dc source, according to left hand rule：The electromagnetic force f that the ab line segments of coil 1 are subject toa To the left, the electromagnetic force f that cd line segments are subject tobTo the right.If coil 1 is fixed in rotary rotating shaft 6, then coil 1 will be by Turn clockwise, 3 represent direction of rotation；If rotating shaft 6 be fixed from rotate, then coil 1 and rotating shaft 6 can not produce to the left or The power of right direction translation, because coil 1 and rotating shaft 6 are made a concerted effort to be zero by ab line segments and cd line segments.Figure (c) (d) is to remove The schematic diagram of upper end permanent magnet 2.It is nonuniform magnetic fields now to pass through the ab line segments of coil 1 and the magnetic field of cd line segments, at ab line segments Magnetic field intensity B more than the magnetic field intensity at cd line segments.According to left hand rule, the electricity that ab line segments and cd line segments are subject on coil 1 The size and Orientation of magnetic force is all different, therefore coil 1 and rotating shaft 6 are not zero with resultant moment be subject to joint efforts, coil 1 it is existing around The power of the rotation of rotating shaft 6 also has makes the power f of rotating shaft translatione, the size of translation power is：fe=fc-fd.It can be seen that：Current-carrying coil is non-even High-intensity magnetic field coil also wants the smaller translation of field intensity at the bigger cd line segments of the field intensity B at translation, and ab line segments in addition to rotating Power feIt is bigger.
Experiment two：Experiment purpose：Proof ferromagnetics cylinder has shielding action for the same magnetic pole and magnetic field being placed in cylinder.
Specific practice：Referring to Fig. 2,8 represent a cylinder processed with ferromagnetics material, the outside of rotating shaft 6 in figure Equipped with ferromagnetics external member 7, the outside of external member 7 is equipped with tile permanent magnet 2.When in rotating shaft 6 two pieces of N poles of permanent magnet 2 all towards During ferromagnetics cylinder 8, the magnetic field intensity B very littles on the outside of cylinder.The method of test is：Any point p is selected, then by a ferromagnetics Experiment block is placed at point p, and when the outside of permanent magnet 2 is without cylinder 8, experiment block quickly can be attracted by magnet N poles；Work as permanent magnetic When there is cylinder 8 in the outside of body 2, experiment block if the wall thickness of cylinder 8 reaches certain size, is tested by magnet N poles attraction very little Block is not attracted even by magnet N poles.Thus prove：Ferromagnetics shaping drum has shielding to make for the permanent magnetic field being placed in cylinder With；Shield effectiveness is directly proportional to the wall thickness and magnetic conductivity of cylinder.
The present invention exactly utilizes two above experimental result, devises a kind of DC without carbon brush and electronic commutation Electric rotating machine.Referring to Fig. 3, stator coil 1 is looped around on cylinder iron core 8 in figure.When coil 1 connects dc source, make iron core Electric current outflow " ⊙ " of inner coil conductor；Flow into the electric current of iron core outer coil conductorNow according to the right-hand rule： The magnetic field almost all that coil current is produced closure in iron core 8.The magnetic field of permanent magnet is made interior due to the shielding action of iron core 8 Magnetic field intensity B residing for lateral coil conductor is far above the magnetic field intensity at outer coil conductor.Led for same circle and (selected in figure The one circle coil of the top) for line, according to the electromagnetic force F that left hand rule inner conductor is subject tofMuch larger than the electricity of outer conductors Magnetic force Fg.Further according to mechanical relationship：The electromagnetic force being subject on permanent magnet is Fh=Ff-Fg.Analyzed more than：In figure 3, if Using cylinder 8 and coil 1 as stator, rotating shaft 6 and permanent magnet 2 as rotor, making a concerted effort of being subject on rotor is：Inner coil conductor The electromagnetic force f being subject tofThe electromagnetic force f that sum is subject to outer coil conductorgThe difference of sum, then rotor will be rotated clockwise. It can be seen that：What is connected due to coil 1 is constant dc source its sense of current, so acting on the direction of the electromagnetic force on rotor Also it is constant, therefore rotor can continuous rotation work.Changing the both positive and negative polarity rotor of hot-wire coil can realize reversion.Here it is of the invention General principle.
There is invertibity without commutation DC electric rotating machine using present invention design.Fig. 4 (a) is indicated without commutation permanent magnetism The schematic diagram of dc generator.Fig. 4 (a) indicates the schematic diagram without commutation permanent magnet direct current motor.Electricity generating principle：When outer power is dragged When dynamic rotor rotates, according to the law of electromagnetic induction, (N poles) magnetic line of force of rotor permanent magnet 2 is cut by the wire of the inner side of stator coil 1 Cut, direct electromotive force. of inducting is produced in coil.It can be seen that, when the present invention is used as dc generator, without fairing And the direct current that sends is steady, be practically free of alternating component；Galvanic voltage is only relevant with the rotating speed of rotor.So, utilize Method of the present invention design without commutation DC electric rotating machine, can both be used as dc motor；Can also Used as dc generator.When being used as generator, actually one homopolarity mag-dynamo.It can be seen that, no Pipe makees generator and uses or used as motor, without reversing arrangement.
In summary two experimental results and the analysis to Fig. 3 Fig. 4, illustrates using method for designing of the present invention design Direct current generator, either structural principle or operation principle all have feasibility.Design principle of the invention, is according to current-carrying Coil is produced principle and the ferromagnetics tool of induced electromotive force in magnetic field by the effect of Ampere force and conductor cutting magnetic line There is the characteristic in Isolated Shield magnetic field to design.Its structural principle is：Mainly it is made up of stator winding and rotor permanent magnet, it is fixed Sub- winding is looped around on the barrel of cylindric ferromagnetics iron core vertically；The same pole pole-face of polylith permanent magnet is all on rotor Towards stator winding.Using method for designing of the invention, single stator can be manufactured and designed without commutation DC electric rotating machine, Bimorph transducer can be manufactured and designed without commutation DC electric rotating machine；And realize and rotated in the case of no reversing arrangement Work.Its advantage is：DC electric rotating machine is eliminated reversing arrangement, overcome because commutation makes the direct current generator longevity The short shortcoming of life；The electronic component for having eliminated the sensor of conventional brushless DC motor and having matched is wanted to working environment Ask；Also have simple processing technology, low cost of manufacture, fault rate low, the advantage of long service life.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 represents current-carrying coil in the magnetic field of multi-form by the experiment schematic diagram of electromagnetic force.
Fig. 2 represents the experiment schematic diagram that there is ferromagnetics Isolated Shield magnetic induction line to act on.
Fig. 3 indicates the basic principle schematic without commutation DC electric rotating machine.
Fig. 4 (a) represents the principle schematic diagram. used as generator in the first embodiment.
Fig. 4 (b) represents the principle schematic diagram. used as motor in the first embodiment.
Fig. 5 represents second principle schematic diagram. of embodiment.
Fig. 6 represents the principle schematic diagram. of the third embodiment.
Fig. 7 represents the structure type schematic diagram of stator core.
(1) winding coil, (2) permanent magnet, the magnetic induction line of (2a) permanent magnet, (3) direction of rotation, (4) commutation slip ring, (5) Commutator carbon brush, (6) rotor shaft, (7) ferromagnetics external member, (8) stator core, (8a) is provided with the ferromagnetics iron of coiling notch Core, (8b) is provided with the paramagnetics iron core of coiling notch, (8c) ferromagnetics magnetic circuit, (8a1) groove, (8b1) salient pole, (8a2) positioning Circular arc, (8a3) rectangle ferromagnetics magnetic circuit groove, the air gap of (9) between rotor and stator, (10) stator locating ring, (11) Inner stator fixed plate.
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiment：It is further described below by several example combination accompanying drawings.
Embodiment 1：Design of single stator without commutation DC electric rotating machine
Fig. 4 (a) represents single design of the stator without commutation DC rotary generator；Fig. 4 (b) represent single stator without The design of the DC electric rotating motivation that commutates.The structure type of two schemes is identical, is mainly made up of stator and rotor, Rotor portion：It is made up of rotating shaft 6, rotor ferromagnetics external member 7 and tile permanent magnet 2；Stationary part：By ferromagnetics stator core 8a, non-ferromagnetic material stator core 8b and direct current winding 1 are constituted.Air gap 9 is provided between rotor and stator.Described ferromagnetics stator Iron core 8a is drum, and inner side is provided with the notch for wound around coil；Non-ferromagnetic material stator core 8b is also toroidal, outward Side is provided with the notch for wound around coil；Coil 1 is looped around on iron core along interior exterior notch.The N poles of two pieces of permanent magnets on rotor Pole-face is all assembled towards stator winding.
Used as generator：
Referring to Fig. 4 (a), when rotor is rotated clockwise in the dragging of other power, equivalent to stator winding by counterclockwise Rotation.According to the law of electromagnetic induction and the right-hand rule：Two pieces of N on conductor cutting rotor on the inside of stator ferromagnetics cylinder iron core The magnetic line of force of pole produces induced electromotive force；When stator coil is connected to load, the side of the induced current of stator coil inner conductor To inflowPaper, outer conductors outflow " ⊙ " paper.Rotor is rotated down by such direction, induced electricity in stator coil The direction of kinetic potential is constant, sense of current is also constant, and electromotive force attribute is DC voltage；The size of induced electromotive force and rotor Speed is directly proportional.It can be seen that, when being used as generator with method of the present invention, the induced electromotive force for sending is direct current drive Gesture, without any type of commutation and fairing.
Used as motor：
Referring to Fig. 4 (b), when stator coil 1 connect dc source and make stator core inboard wire electric current flow out " ⊙ ", Outboard wire electric current is flowed intoAccording to left hand rule, now interaction of the rotor in rotor field and current-carrying stator winding Lower to produce the torque for turning clockwise, rotor clockwise 3 rotates.Because stator winding current is for its direction of direct current is constant, rotor The magnetic direction of permanent magnet is also constant, so rotor can be continuously rotated without being commutated to stator winding current.Due to the reality Applying in scheme its permanent magnetic circuit has non-ferromagnetic material medium, has a certain amount of leakage field, so being suitable for small design without commutation forever Magnetic DC rotation motor.Change the connection of winding and power positive cathode, flow into the inboard wire electric current of stator coreOutboard wire electric current flows out " ⊙ ", and rotate counterclockwise is pressed according to left hand rule rotor.
Embodiment 2：The design of double magnetic poles, bimorph transducer without commutation DC electric rotating machine
Referring to Fig. 5, identical of the structure of two of which stator need to set ferromagnetics magnetic circuit 8c and determine between two stators Position block 10.Figure (a) be sectional view vertically, figure (b) be along A-A to section view, figure (c) be along the section view of B-B direction.The program Permanent magnetic circuit path：The N poles of right side permanent magnet → 7 → left side of rotor ferromagnetics external member permanent magnet S pole → left side permanent magnet N poles 9 → left side of → air gap stator core 8a → ferromagnetics magnetic circuit 8c → right side stator core 8a → 9 → right side of air gap permanent magnet S pole. Operation principle is identical with example 1.Because the permanent magnetic circuit of the program is complete, leakage field will not be produced, so it is big to be adapted to design Type is without commutation DC electric rotating machine.
Embodiment 3：Design of the outer rotor without commutation DC electric rotating machine
Referring to Fig. 6, and unlike example 1 and example 2：The design is that permanent magnet 2 is ferromagnetic installed in outer rotor In matter external member 7, cylinder iron core and coil are stator.11 expression inner stator fixed plates in figure.The program is because in permanent magnetic circuit There is non-ferromagnetic material medium, there is leakage field, compare and be adapted to manufacture and design small-size external rotor without commutation DC electric rotating motivation.
The processing technology thereof and winding mode of stator core：
As shown in fig. 7, the method for designing without commutation DC electric rotating machine of the invention, its stator core is assembling Body.Should be from from the aspect of the winding process of stator coil 1 facility during design.Fig. 7 (a) represents the structure of the stator core of embodiment 1 Form.Stator core is two semicircles, can be respectively by the number of turn and line gauge of design requirement by two lines of semicircle iron core during coiling After circle winds, a stator for entirety is then assembled into.This scheme can easily realize mechanization coiling.Relied on during assembling and be arranged on The detent 8a1 and salient pole 8b1 of two semicircular joint portion is realized.Fig. 7 (b) represents the structure shape of the stator core of embodiment 2 Formula.The program is essentially identical with above-mentioned technique, and difference is that the assembling positioning of two semicircular iron core relies on two pieces ferromagnetics Magnetic circuit (8c) is completed.Each semicircle iron core is provided with for positioning circular arc 8a2 and for installing ferromagnetics with motor housing body The slot 8a3 of magnetic circuit 8c.Semicircle iron core is to use thin silicon steel plates punch forming, is then overrided to form.Equally, can during coiling After the coil of two semicircle iron cores is wound respectively by design requirement, a stator for entirety is then assembled into.Finally again by two Identical stator core is combined into bimorph transducer, because there is coil the end of each stator, so should install fixed between two stator cores Position ring 10.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of method for designing without commutation DC electric rotating machine, technical characteristic is：Received in magnetic field according to current-carrying coil The principle and ferromagnetics for producing induced electromotive force to the effect of Ampere force and conductor cutting magnetic line have Isolated Shield magnetic field Characteristic design；The electric rotating machine designed using the method, can both be used, it is also possible to as straight as dc motor Stream generator is used；Either make generator using still being used as motor, without reversing arrangement；Its mechanism is main by fixed Sub- winding and rotor permanent magnet are constituted, and stator winding is looped around on the barrel of cylindric ferromagnetics iron core vertically；On rotor The same pole pole-face of polylith permanent magnet is all towards stator winding；Using method for designing of the invention, list can be manufactured and designed Stator is without commutation DC electric rotating machine, it is also possible to manufacture and design bimorph transducer without commutation DC electric rotating machine.
2. it is according to claim 1 it is a kind of without commutation DC electric rotating machine method for designing, it is characterized in that：Described Stator winding is looped around on cylindric ferromagnetics iron core, and cylindric ferromagnetics iron core is by two identical semicircle iron core groups It is fitted together.
3. it is according to claim 2 it is a kind of without commutation DC electric rotating machine method for designing, it is characterized in that：Described Cylindric ferromagnetics iron core is fitted together by two identical semicircle iron cores, and its semicircle iron core is by thin silicon steel plates It is overrided to form.
4. it is according to claim 1 it is a kind of without commutation DC electric rotating machine method for designing, it is characterized in that：Described The same pole of polylith permanent magnet is all towards stator winding on rotor, refer to permanent magnet N poles or S poles all towards stator around Group.
CN201710176754.6A 2017-03-13 2017-03-13 Design method of no-commutating permanent magnet direct current rotating motor Pending CN106712333A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201710176754.6A CN106712333A (en) 2017-03-13 2017-03-13 Design method of no-commutating permanent magnet direct current rotating motor

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201710176754.6A CN106712333A (en) 2017-03-13 2017-03-13 Design method of no-commutating permanent magnet direct current rotating motor

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107863829A (en) * 2017-12-25 2018-03-30 沈阳工业大学 Single stator and double-rotor motor in axial magnetic field stator and casing mounting structure
CN113270989A (en) * 2021-05-15 2021-08-17 谭志焘 Rotary magnetic pole type brushless DC generator
WO2024138764A1 (en) * 2022-12-31 2024-07-04 顾武 Aqueous solution ion separation and collection apparatus

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107863829A (en) * 2017-12-25 2018-03-30 沈阳工业大学 Single stator and double-rotor motor in axial magnetic field stator and casing mounting structure
CN107863829B (en) * 2017-12-25 2024-03-05 沈阳工业大学 Stator and shell mounting structure of single-stator double-rotor axial magnetic field motor
CN113270989A (en) * 2021-05-15 2021-08-17 谭志焘 Rotary magnetic pole type brushless DC generator
WO2024138764A1 (en) * 2022-12-31 2024-07-04 顾武 Aqueous solution ion separation and collection apparatus

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