RU2409886C1 - Magnetohydrodynamic generator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity. ^ SUBSTANCE: magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) generator has several channels located in zone of action of magnetic flow created with pole system. Cross section of channels is made in the form of nozzle facing the transverse axis of MHD generator. At that, channels are located on both sides of transverse axis of MHD generator and perpendicular to it. ^ EFFECT: improvement of electric machines used in power engineering, increase in efficiency owing to possible ionised gas temperature increase. ^ 2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering, electrical machines, can be used in power electric power, as well as in aircraft and spacecraft.

Magnetohydrodynamic single-channel generators are known [1], [2]. Their improved version is also known, where the number of channels is more than two, and the channels are located radially and are made tapering in the direction of the axis of the machine [3], [4]. This option is patent No. 2346378 and should be taken as an analogue.

In an analogue, the channels are located radially with respect to the axis of the MHD generator, as well as tapering with respect to this axis. Between the channels are permanent magnets. Permanent magnets lose their magnetization at temperatures above 300 °, but in contact with the walls of the channels, which does not significantly increase the temperature of the ionized gas, and therefore increase the productivity of the MHD generator.

In the proposed design, this disadvantage will be eliminated while maintaining a number of advantages of the analogue.

The specific design and the principle of operation of the proposed design of the MHD generator is illustrated in figures 1 and 2.

Figure 1 presents a cross section of an MHD generator;

figure 2 is a longitudinal section thereof.

Figure 1 shows: the body of the MHD generator - 1, the channels - 2, the ferromagnetic rods - 3, the excitation coil coils - 4, the ferromagnetic plates - 5, the cavity of the machine into which the ionized gas is introduced, 6, the cavity of the machine from which the ionized gas - 7, insulating gaskets - 8, the axis of the transverse section of the machine AA.

Figure 2 shows a longitudinal section of the MHD generator with the axis BB. In Fig.2, the following structural elements are additionally applied: current-collecting conductive terminals - 9, their number is equal to twice the number of channels. The current jumper is 10. It is removed from the housing 1 and serves to provide a serial connection of channels, which allows to increase the voltage at the generator output, respectively, reducing the output current from the channels through terminals 9.

Figure 1 shows the direction of the magnetic flux - Ф created by the coils of the pole system - 4, which closes due to the ferromagnetic plates - 5. Ferromagnetic rods 3 form channels 2 and connected by a non-ferromagnetic panel at the ends, provide structural rigidity. Figure 1 and figure 2 shows the direction of the electromagnetic forces F in the channels 2 arising from the interaction of the current i _to and the magnetic flux F. Figure 2 shows the direction of the flow rate of the ionized gas - V in the cavity in the channels 2, with its output in cavity 7.

The principle of operation of the proposed design of the MHD generator is as follows.

; скорости υ₂ соответствует кинетическая энергия

. Разница в кинетических энергиях на входе и выходе из каналов - физическая работа МГД-генератора. При вычете из нее всех потерь в МГД-генераторе, получается электромагнитная мощность МГД-генератора.2, the dotted line shows the direction of movement of the ionized gas in the cavity 6 and channels 2. Moreover, marked: speed υ ₁ - the speed of entry into the channel and speed υ ₂ - the speed of exit from the channel. Due to the interaction of the current in the channel - i _k with the magnetic flux Ф, forces F arise that impede the advancement of the ionized gas in the channels. For this reason, the speed υ _{2 is} much less than the speed υ ₁ . The speed υ ₁ corresponds to the kinetic energy of an ionized gas with its mass m _r equal to

; speed υ ₂ corresponds to kinetic energy

. The difference in kinetic energies at the entrance and exit of the channels is the physical work of the MHD generator. When you subtract from it all the losses in the MHD generator, the electromagnetic power of the MHD generator is obtained.

The advantages of the proposed MHD generator in comparison with analogues.

Due to the heat-insulating partitions 8, the temperature of the ionized gas in the channel 2 can be significantly higher than the heating temperature of the windings of the pole system at acceptable current densities in its conductors. This increases the productivity of the MHD generator in comparison with the analogue. Moreover, in the proposed embodiment, a pole system with superconductors can be used, which is not feasible in the analogue. Thus, in the proposed design of the MHD generator, in comparison with the analogue, it is possible to drastically increase its productivity. MHD generator can work in engine mode.

Literature

1. Voldek A.I. “Induction magnetodynamic machines with metallic liquid metal”, 1970

2. Birzvalk Yu.A. "Fundamentals of the theory and calculation of DC conductive pumps", 1968

3. Kurbasov A.S. "Electric machines with radial movement of moving mass." Electricity, No. 1, 2009

4. "Electric radial motion machine", patent No. 2346378.

Claims (2)

1. Magnetohydrodynamic generator with several channels, made in the form of a nozzle, and a pole system that provides magnetic current in the area of the channel, characterized in that the channels are parallel to the top and bottom relative to the transverse axis of the magnetohydrodynamic generator, and tapering parts are also directed to the transverse axis . 2. The magnetohydrodynamic generator according to claim 1, characterized in that between the channels and the winding of the pole system there is a heat insulating gasket.

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