RU2346118C2 - Composite construction element, in particular, intended for erection of building wall structures, and method for its realisation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to the field of construction, in particular to composite construction element used preferably for erection of wall structures. Composite element comprises body made of foam plastic and has opposite sides and at least one rebar that passes in body in transverse direction and is included in mentioned foam plastic. Rebar comprises central part that has at least one rib that projects from the latter and creates longitudinal edge together with it, and row of openings that are at least partially created in central part of profile in the area of longitudinal edge.

EFFECT: improvement of self-bearing properties of composite element and higher resistance to bending forces that affect it in the process of assembly.

34 cl, 9 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

In General, the present invention relates to a composite building element, which is preferably, but not necessarily, used for the construction of vertical or horizontal wall structures or cladding structures for residential buildings, warehouses and other industrial buildings, as well as for the manufacture of external sides and partitions in truck bodies or similar shell designs.

In a narrower sense, the invention relates to a composite building element containing:

a) a body made of foam and having opposite sides;

b) at least one reinforcing profile extending in the specified body in the transverse direction between the specified sides and included in the foam, and the specified at least one reinforcing profile contains a Central part having at least one rib, cantilever protruding from the Central part and forming together with the central part of the longitudinal edge.

State of the art

In the field of building elements for the construction of walls or structures of shells, as well as in the field of building construction, recently used building elements made of polystyrene, preferably polystyrene foam, in the form of sheets or sections of appropriate shape and size, which are used as heat and soundproofing elements.

In some applications in the construction sector, it has become common practice to include one or more reinforcing profiles of the appropriate shape in the foam mass in order to impart adequate self-supporting properties to such building elements.

In the following description and claims, the term "self-supporting" is used to denote the ability of a building element to withstand without the plastic or permanent deformation of the load that it undergoes during transportation and / or installation.

So, for example, in European patent EP 0459924 a self-supporting building element made of foam is described, in particular an element for flooring containing a central body in the shape of a parallelepiped, into which during the molding operations include a reinforcing profile in the form of a thin metal I-beam.

The applicant noted that although the building elements of this type, on the one hand, have lightness, relative ease of use and low cost, on the other hand, their self-supporting properties are not always adequate, and more specifically, these elements are not sufficiently resistant to bending loads near the reinforcing profile .

The applicant actually observed that when bending sections of a building element located on the sides of the reinforcing profile (or profiles) extending across the body of the building element, cracks or kinks can form that can increase to such an extent that in the worst case, detachment of entire sections of the foam occurs.

Disclosure of invention

An object of the present invention is to provide a composite building element made of foam which has improved self-supporting properties, and more specifically, increased resistance to the bending loads that the building element is subjected to during transportation and / or installation.

According to a first aspect of the invention, the problem is solved in a building element of the indicated type, which is characterized in that said at least one reinforcing profile is provided with a series of holes at least partially made in the central part of the profile in the region of the longitudinal edge.

According to a second aspect of the invention, this problem is solved in a building element of the indicated type, which is characterized in that said at least one reinforcing profile is provided with a number of holes made in the central part of the profile at a predetermined distance from the longitudinal edge of 1% to 4%, preferably from 2% to 3% of the width of the central part of the profile.

In the following description and claims, the distance between the holes formed in the central part of the reinforcing profile and the longitudinal edge is measured from the edge of the holes perpendicular to the longitudinal edge.

The applicant realized, in particular, that the desired improvement in the self-supporting properties of the composite building element of the indicated type and its resistance to bending loads can be achieved by improving the integration of the reinforcing profile into the foam mass in places that can initiate cracks or fractures, i.e. in the region of the longitudinal edge formed by the rib relative to the central part of the reinforcing profile.

According to the invention, this improved integration of the reinforcing profile into the foam mass can be successfully and effectively achieved by forming a series of holes in the central part of the reinforcing profile in the region of the longitudinal edge or directly adjacent to it.

The applicant has observed, in particular, that such openings can significantly increase the resistance of a building element with respect to bending loads applied in areas of the body outside the reinforcing profile.

In the framework of the first embodiment of the invention, in which the openings in the central part of the reinforcing profile are made in the region of the longitudinal edge, these openings preferably extend through the longitudinal edge and comprise a first section located in at least one rib and a second section located in the central part of the reinforcing profile moreover, the area of the first section of the holes is less than the area of the holes of the second section.

This can be successfully achieved the optimal integration of the reinforcing profile in the body of the building element, thereby providing a significant improvement in the resistance of the building element in relation to bending loads without simultaneously reducing the mechanical characteristics of the ribs or ribs extending from the Central part of the reinforcing profile.

Preferably, the area of the first portion of the holes passing through the longitudinal edge occupies from 10% to 40% of the total area of the holes.

More preferably, this area occupies from 20% to 30% of the total area of the holes passing through the longitudinal edge.

The applicant has in fact found that in this case the desired improvement in the resistance of the building element with respect to bending loads can be optimized.

Alternatively, but within the framework of the first embodiment of the invention, in which the holes in the central part of the reinforcing profile are made in the region of the longitudinal edge, the holes can essentially touch this edge.

In the following description and claims, the expression "holes essentially touching the longitudinal edge" means not only holes exactly touching this edge, but also such holes whose maximum distance from the edge does not exceed 1% of the width of the central part of the reinforcing profile.

In the framework of the second embodiment of the invention, the holes are made in the central part of the reinforcing profile near the longitudinal edge. Preferably, the distance between the holes and the longitudinal edge is from 2 mm to 5 mm, most preferably from 3 mm to 4 mm.

In the framework of the invention, the shape of the holes formed in the region or near the longitudinal edge is not significant.

In fact, the holes can have any suitable shape, for example, the shape of a circle, a polygon, for example a triangle, a rectangle, a square, an ellipse, etc. For reasons of practicality and ease of implementation, the preferred shape is a circle.

Preferably, the size of the openings in the diameter, measured in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the central part of the reinforcing profile, lies between 10 mm and 60 mm, more preferably between 20 mm and 50 mm.

Thus, it was found that the integration of the reinforcing profile in the foam of the building element can be improved.

Preferably, the holes are arranged in the longitudinal direction with a predetermined pitch in one or more rows parallel to the longitudinal edge formed by at least one rib of the reinforcing profile.

Preferably, the reinforcing profile is made of a material having structural characteristics compatible with polystyrene, for example, cold-rolled laminated steel, preferably galvanized, from hard plastic, such as PVC, polyesters, polycarbonate, acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymers styrene (ABS), etc.

In a preferred embodiment, the reinforcing profile extends across the central body of the building element throughout its thickness.

Preferably, the reinforcing profile extends along the Central body of the building element, essentially along its entire length.

In a preferred embodiment, the reinforcing profile comprises a pair of ribs extending from the axially opposite sides of the central part of the reinforcing profile.

For ease of implementation and lower manufacturing costs, the reinforcing profile preferably has a C-shaped, Z-shaped, Ω-shaped or I-shaped, for example, by connecting together two C-shaped elements so that the corresponding Central parts coincide, and the holes formed in the region of the longitudinal edge or in the immediate vicinity of it, were preferably coaxial to each other to provide the desired optimal structural continuity of the foam on opposite sides of the reinforcing item.

In this latter case, the supporting properties of the building element also become optimal.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the rib (s) of the reinforcing profile is located (located) flush and essentially parallel to at least one side of the building element made of foam body.

In an alternative embodiment, the rib (s) of the reinforcing profile is fully included (included) in the foam of the body of the building element.

In this case, the rib, which is flush with the building element, performs the function of an adequate bearing surface to which the external finishing elements can be attached, while the rib (s) completely included in the foam fulfill the useful function of increasing the compressive strength of the reinforcing profile, increasing the self-supporting properties of a building element.

Preferably, the rib (s) comprises (contain) at least one first straight portion substantially perpendicular to the central portion of the reinforcing profile, and optionally a second inclined end portion located at a predetermined angle to the first straight portion. Preferably, the second, end portion forms an angle between 40 ° and 120 ° with the first portion of the rib, more preferably about 90 °.

During several experiments performed by the applicant, it was found that such a configuration of the ribs further enhances the rigidity of the reinforcing profile, further increases the self-supporting properties and compressive strength of the building element.

The thickness of the reinforcing profile is preferably in the range from 0.4 mm to 1.2 mm, more preferably from 0.6 mm to 1.0 mm.

The width of the Central part of the reinforcing profile after the formation of the ribs is preferably from 50 mm to 180 mm, more preferably from 60 mm to 120 mm, while the opposite edge (s) of the profile has (have) a width of 15 mm to 60 mm, more preferably from 30 mm to 50 mm.

If the rib (s) has (have) a first straight portion substantially perpendicular to the central part of the reinforcing profile and a second, bent end portion, then the width of the first portion is from 15 to 60 mm, more preferably from 30 mm to 50 mm, then as the second section has a width of from 4 to 10 mm, more preferably from 4 mm to 6 mm.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the reinforcing profile is provided with a second row of holes in its central part.

These holes perform a twofold useful function of reducing the weight of the reinforcing profile, which improves the self-supporting properties of the building element, and providing even more tight integration of the reinforcing profile into the foam mass.

Due to the presence of additional holes, the foam mass can penetrate deeply into the reinforcing profile during molding, integration and fixing of the reinforcing profile in the central body of the building element.

This tight incorporation of the reinforcing profile into the foam mass further prevents unwanted deformations or transverse bending of the reinforcing profile even when the latter is made, as indicated above, from a rather thin strip of metal.

It is desirable that, in order to further increase the rigidity of the body of the building element, additional holes formed in the central part of the reinforcing profile are provided with protruding edges along the perimeter or one or more protrusions distributed around the perimeter and offset at an angle relative to each other so that they serve as additional elements fastening the reinforcing profile with the mass of foam.

Such protrusions can be located either on one side of the reinforcing profile, or on its opposite sides.

The additional holes preferably extend through the longitudinal axis of the central part of the reinforcing profile.

The total area of all holes formed in the reinforcing profile ranges from 10% to 60% of the total profile area, and this term refers to the total area of the side surface of the profile, including its edge (s), i.e. the total area of the lateral surface until the formation of ribs and holes.

Even more preferably, the total area of all holes formed in the reinforcing profile is from 30% to 40% of the total area.

According to the invention, the shape of the holes of the second row, made by a method that is itself known, for example by perforation, is not significant; however, for obvious reasons, ease of manufacture, it is desirable that it be round.

It is further preferred that the size of the openings of the second row across be measured in a direction substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the central part of the profile from 15 mm to 100 mm, more preferably from 30 mm to 80 mm.

In a preferred embodiment, the holes are located in the reinforcing profile in three parallel rows. The first central row contains round holes of a larger diameter located at a predetermined pitch along the longitudinal axis of the central part of the reinforcing profile, and two side rows contain round holes of a smaller diameter located at a predetermined pitch on both sides of the central row in or near a longitudinal edge jointly formed ribs and the central part of the profile.

The circular openings of the side rows preferably have parallel axes and are preferably located between two consecutive openings of the central row, as will be more clearly shown in the following description.

Useful here is the possibility of a particularly efficient distribution of holes in different parts of the reinforcing profile, facilitating its design without compromising mechanical strength, and at the same time ensuring optimal integration of the reinforcing profile in the foam.

The pitch of the openings of the central row is preferably proportional to their size, equal to the pitch of the openings of the side rows and ranges from 80 mm to 100 mm, more preferably approximately 90 mm.

In the framework of this preferred embodiment, the total area of the holes formed in the region of the longitudinal edge or at a given distance from it is from 15% to 40% of the total area of all holes formed in the reinforcing profile.

According to another preferred embodiment, the building element comprises at least one rigid sheathing element connected to the reinforcing profile.

Preferably, such a cladding element is a dry stucco sheet, a panel of wood, hard plastic or other suitable material that performs a decorative or structural function and is preferably lined with ceramic tiles.

The building elements of the invention may also have useful support properties, i.e. can independently withstand certain static loads applied to them, as a function of a pre-selected skin element, with or without structural features.

According to the invention, building elements containing a series of holes in the central part of the profile in the region or near the longitudinal edge formed between at least one rib and the central part can be manufactured by the method described in paragraphs 22 or 23 of the claims, respectively.

These methods can be successfully implemented through cutting, profiling and molding operations, which are themselves used and known from the prior art.

Preferred features of the methods are described in dependent paragraphs 24-32.

In accordance with a third aspect of the invention, there is provided a wall structure for buildings comprising at least one composite building element of the type described above, preferably a plurality of such building elements located adjacent to each other.

In accordance with a fourth aspect of the invention, there is provided a cladding structure for cladding buildings comprising a series of composite building elements of the type described above located next to each other on a supporting structure.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Other features and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the description of several preferred variants of the building element according to the invention, given below for the purpose of illustration, but not limitation, with reference to the accompanying drawings, where

- figure 1 presents a perspective image with a partial section of the first embodiment of a building element according to the invention;

- figure 2 presents a perspective image on an enlarged scale of some details of the reinforcing profile included in the building element of figure 1;

- figure 3 presents a perspective image with a partial section of another embodiment of a building element according to the invention;

- Figures 4 and 5 show perspective images on an enlarged scale of some details of alternative options for the reinforcing profile included in the building element according to the invention;

- figure 6 presents a perspective image with a partial section of another embodiment of a building element according to the invention;

- figure 7 presents in the context of another embodiment of a building element according to the invention;

- on Fig presents in plan a strip of structural material that can be used in the manufacture of a building element according to the invention;

- Fig.9 is a plan view in enlarged view of a detail of the strip of Fig.8.

The implementation of the invention

In figures 1 and 2, a composite building element made of polystyrene, for example polystyrene foam, according to the first embodiment of the present invention is indicated by the number 1.

The building element 1 in the illustrated example can be successfully used for the manufacture of load-bearing walls and partitions in buildings and comprises a body 2 in which a series of parallel cutouts 3 extend in the longitudinal direction.

Alternatively, the building element 1 in the illustrated example can also be successfully used in the manufacture of truck bodies and the like.

As is known per se, the body 2 has opposite lateral sides 4, 5, in which grooves 6 and ribs 7 are provided, corresponding to each other in shape and extending along the entire length of the building element 1.

In this way, a plurality of building elements 1 can be firmly connected to each other by means of substantially conjugate joints.

The building element 1 also has opposite upper and lower sides 8, 9 and two structurally identical reinforcing profiles 10, 11, located mirror-image relative to the longitudinal plane of symmetry Y-Y of the building element 1.

Although in the illustrated example, the sides 8, 9 are almost flat, it is obvious that their shape is not essential for the purposes of the invention; the parties can actually have any geometric configuration suitable for the intended purpose.

Reinforcing profiles 10, 11 extend in the body 2 of the building element 1 along almost its entire length between the aforementioned upper and lower sides 8, 9.

As shown in the depicted embodiment, the reinforcing profiles 10 and 11 are essentially C-shaped, and each of them contains a Central part 12 and the upper and lower ribs 13, 14, cantilever protruding from the Central part 12, forming together with the Central part axially opposite edges 15a, 15b.

In the depicted preferred embodiment, the ribs 13, 14 are directed from the edges of the Central part 12 almost perpendicular to it.

Reinforcing profiles 10 and 11 are preferably obtained by appropriate molding from sheets of cold rolled laminated galvanized steel with a thickness of about 0.8 mm by operations that are known per se, as will be described in more detail below.

In the preferred embodiment shown in figures 1 and 2, the reinforcing profiles 10, 11 extend laterally in the body 2 of the building element 1 over almost its entire thickness, so that, as shown in figure 1, the ribs 13, 14 are almost one plane with sides 8, 9 of body 2.

Preferably, the opposing ribs 13, 14 comprise first portions 13a, 14a substantially perpendicular to the central portion 12 of the reinforcing profiles 10, 11, and second, inclined end portions 13b, 14b extending from the first portions 13a, 14a at a predetermined angle.

Preferably, the central parts 12 of the reinforcing profiles 10, 11 have a width of about 80 mm, the first sections 13a, 14a of the ribs 13, 14 have a width of about 45 mm, and the end sections 13b, 14b have a width of about 5 mm and are deflected relative to the first sections 13a 14a at an angle of about 90 °.

Some experiments performed by the applicant have shown that a building element reinforced with profiles of this shape has self-supporting properties and compressive strength that are fully comparable with similar characteristics of a similar building element reinforced with profiles of about 1.2 mm thickness, but without curved ribs 13. fourteen.

In this preferred embodiment, the reinforcing profiles 10, 11 have two rows of holes, respectively indicated by numbers 16 and 17, which are practically parallel to each other and to the longitudinal axis X-X of the central part 12.

The holes 16 and 17, preferably having a circular shape, are made by perforation and are spaced apart from each other in the longitudinal direction by a certain step.

According to the invention, holes 16 and 17 are at least partially formed in the central part 12 of the reinforcing profiles 10, 11 in the region of the longitudinal edges 15a, 15b.

These holes perform a useful function, providing structural continuity of the foam forming the body 2 of the building element 1, which almost completely eliminates the problem of insufficient strength against bending loads, which is typical for composite building elements known from the prior art.

More specifically, the openings 16 and 17 increase the strength of the building element against bending loads applied in the zones 2a, 2b of the body 2 located outside the reinforcing profiles 10, 11.

The holes 16, 17 also perform additional useful functions, reducing the weight of the reinforcing profiles 10, 11 and fixing them with maximum strength in the foam mass.

In the preferred embodiment shown in figures 1 and 2, the holes 16 and 17 pass through the respective longitudinal edges 15a, 15b and contain a first section 16a, 17a located in the ribs 13, 14, and a second section 16b, 17b located in the Central part 12 reinforcing profiles 10, 11. Preferably, the area of the first section 16a, 17a of the holes 16, 17 is smaller than the area of the second section 16b, 17b.

More specifically, the area of the first portion 16a, 17a of the holes 16, 17 is about 30% of the total area of the holes.

According to the first embodiment, shown in figures 1 and 2, the reinforcing profiles 10, 11 are provided with an additional set of preferably round, made by perforating the holes 18 formed in the Central part 12.

Additional holes 18 perform a double useful function, on the one hand, reducing the weight of reinforcing profiles 10, 11 and securing them with maximum strength in the foam mass, and on the other hand, increasing the strength of the building element 1 against bending loads.

Thus, in the preferred embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the reinforcing profiles 10, 11 are provided with three parallel rows of holes: the first central row, consisting of round holes 18 of larger diameter, located at a given pitch on the longitudinal axis X-X of the central parts 12 reinforcing profiles, and two side rows, consisting of round holes 16, 17 of smaller diameter, and located on both sides of the aforementioned central row.

Preferably, the round holes 16, 17 in the side rows have parallel axes and are located between two consecutive holes 18 of the center row, as shown in FIG.

Preferably, the diameter of the holes 18 is about 60 mm, while the diameter of the holes 16 and 17 is about 30 mm, and the pitch of the holes 16-18 in all rows is about 90 mm.

Thus, the openings 16-18 form a perforated region, the total area of the holes in which is about 30% of the total area of the reinforcing profiles 10 and 11, where “total area" refers to the area of the entire lateral surface of the profiles, i.e. the central part 12 and the ribs 13, 14.

Preferably, the total area of the holes 16, 17 is about 30% of the total area of all holes 16-18 formed in the reinforcing profiles 10, 11.

In the building element 1 described above, the desired improved self-supporting characteristics can be successfully achieved thanks to the reinforcing profiles 10, 11, the proper integration of which without significant gaps in the structurally continuous mass of foam is provided by the holes 16, 17.

In another preferred embodiment, the structure of the building element 1 may include a hard sheathing element, for example, a dry plaster sheet, indicated by the number 19 and depicted in dashed lines, which is attached to one or both ribs 13, 14 of the reinforcing profiles 10, 11.

Preferably, the building element 1 is provided with a pair of cladding elements 19 in the form of panels attached to the ribs 13, 14 of the reinforcing profiles 10, 11 on the sides 8, 9 of the building element 1 in a manner that is itself known, for example, by screws or pins, which are not shown in the drawing are shown.

In this case, the building element 1 of the invention may have improved load-bearing properties, i.e. can independently withstand the permissible static load applied to it.

Figure 3-7 schematically shows additional variants of the building element 1 in accordance with the invention.

In the following description and in these drawings, the components of the building element 1, structurally and functionally equivalent to the components described in relation to the previous embodiment, will be indicated by the same numbers and will not be described again.

According to the variant depicted in figure 3, the reinforcing profiles 10, 11 of the building element 1, including the ribs, are completely immersed in the foam of the body 2.

Ribs 13, 14 perform in this case a useful additional function of increasing the compressive strength of reinforcing profiles 10, 11, improving the self-supporting properties of the building element 1.

According to the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 4, the openings 16, 17 formed in the central part 12 of the reinforcing profiles 10, 11 (only the upper part is shown for obvious symmetry reasons), touch the longitudinal edges 15a, 15b.

The applicant has actually observed that such a design also allows to successfully increase the flexural strength of the building element 1.

According to the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 5, the openings 16, 17 are made in the central part 12 of the reinforcing profiles 10, 11 (only the upper part is shown for obvious symmetry reasons) at a predetermined distance d from the longitudinal edges 15a, 15b of 1% to 4% of the width of the central part 12 of the profile.

Preferably, the distance d is about 3 mm.

The applicant has actually observed that such a design also allows to successfully increase the flexural strength of the building element 1.

According to the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 6, the reinforcing profiles 10, 11 of the building element 1 are practically Z-shaped and contain a pair of lower 13 and, accordingly, a pair of upper ribs 14, perpendicular to the opposite ends of the central part 12.

Reinforcing profiles 10, 11 preferably extend across the body 2 of the building element 1 to almost its entire thickness, so that, as shown in Fig.6, the ribs 13, 14 are almost flush with the opposite sides 8, 9 of the body 2.

As in the options shown above, the ribs 13, 14 contain in this case the first, straight section 13a, 14a, almost perpendicular to the Central part 12 of the reinforcing profiles 10, 11, and the second, bent end section 13b, 14b, forming a given angle with the first section 13A, 14A.

Preferably, the first sections 13a, 14a of the ribs 13, 14 have a width of about 45 mm, and the end sections 13b, 14b have a width of about 5 mm and are located relative to the first sections at an angle of about 90 °.

This additional option allows you to further increase the strength of the building element 1 in bending.

According to the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 7, the Z-shaped reinforcing profiles of the building element 1 are completely immersed in the foam of the body 2.

Ribs 13, 14 perform in this case a useful additional function of increasing the compressive strength of reinforcing profiles 10, 11, improving the self-supporting properties of the building element 1.

Next, with reference to the options for the building element 1 described above, and with reference to FIGS. 8 and 9, a preferred embodiment of the inventive method for manufacturing the building element 1, for example, shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, will be described.

At the preliminary stage, carried out by a method that is known per se, a strip of rigid structural material, for example, galvanized steel, for the manufacture of reinforcing profiles 10, 11 is provided.

The strip 20 has a predetermined thickness and width of, for example, approximately 0.8 mm and 180 mm, respectively.

The strip 20 consists of a central section 21 and two side sections 22, 23 located on different sides from the longitudinal axis of the central section 21, which are designed to form the Central part 12 and, accordingly, the ribs 13, 14 of the reinforcing profiles 10, 11, the manufacture of which will be described later .

In the next step, the method proposed by the invention provides for the formation in the strip 20 of the holes 16 and 17 located at least partially on the Central section 21 and on the opposite sections 22 and 23.

The holes 16 and 17 are preferably circular in shape and form two parallel rows extending along the strip 20.

In this preferred embodiment, an additional row of holes 18 are simultaneously formed, also preferably of circular shape, located on the longitudinal axis XX of the strip 20.

Such an operation of forming the holes 16-18 can be performed in a manner known per se, for example by perforation.

In an alternative embodiment of the method proposed by the invention, it is also possible to manufacture a building element 1, starting with a pre-perforated tape wound on a drum installed before the bending installation.

In the next step, the strip 20 is bent in a manner that is known per se, for example, by means of a profiling unit, along two longitudinal fold lines 24, 25, which are practically parallel to each other and intersect the openings 16, 17.

In this way, reinforcing profiles 10, 11 are formed, comprising a central portion 12 and ribs 13, 14, cantilever protruding up or down from the plane of the strip 20 and forming longitudinal edges 15a and 15b.

Preferably, the bending is performed so that the ribs 16 and 17 form an angle of about 90 ° with the plane of the central portion 21 of the strip 20.

Preferably, the fold lines 24, 25 are parallel to the rows of holes 16, 17 and spaced a distance d 'from the longitudinal axis ZZ of the row, comprising from 15% to 50% of the maximum transverse dimension D of the aforementioned holes (in this case equal to the diameter of the circular holes), measured in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis XX of the central section 21 of the strip 20.

In the case of the building element 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the distance d ′ is preferably approximately 5 mm.

It is quite obvious that alternative variants of the building element 1 proposed by the invention, in which the openings 16 and 17 practically touch the longitudinal edges 15a and 15b or are located in close proximity to them, can be realized by folding the strip 20 along the fold lines 24, 25, located corresponding with respect to the aforementioned holes.

In the case where it is desirable to arrange the holes 16 and 17 in close proximity to the longitudinal edges 15a and 15b of the reinforcing profiles 10, 11, it is preferable that the distance between the bend lines 24, 25 and the holes 16, 17 is from 1% to 4% of the width of the central part 12 of the obtained profile, in this case, coinciding with the width of the Central section 21 of the strip 20.

In the case of the reinforcing profile shown in FIG. 5, the distance d should preferably be about 3 mm.

Preferably, the bending operation of the strip 20 can be performed in the same known manner by bending the ribs 13, 14 by approximately 90 ° to obtain the first sections 13a, 14a substantially perpendicular to the central section 21 of the strip 20, and the second, bent end sections 13b , 14b forming a predetermined angle with the first portions 13a, 14a.

Alternatively, the folding operation of the strip 20 can be performed in the same manner that is known per se, by bending the ribs 13, 14 up and down from the plane of the strip 20, respectively, to obtain the building element 1 shown in FIGS. 6 and 7.

In the next step, the reinforcing profiles 10, 11 thus obtained are placed in the mold of the corresponding device for molding plastic, which itself is known and is not shown in the drawing.

After placing the reinforcing profiles 10, 11 in the mold, the foamed plastic granules are loaded into the desired location and the plastic granules in the mold are foamed and subsequently fused to form the body 2 of the building element 1 with the reinforcing profiles 10, 11 included in it.

In a preferred embodiment, the molding operation of the body 2 of the foam is performed so that the ribs 13, 14 of the reinforcing profiles 10, 11 are flush and almost parallel to the sides 8, 9 of the body 2 to obtain the building element 1 shown in figures 1, 2 and 6.

In an alternative embodiment, the molding operation of the body 2 of the foam can be performed so that the ribs 13, 14 of the reinforcing profiles 10, 11 were completely included in the body 2 to obtain the building element 1, shown in figure 3 and 7.

If the manufacturing process of the building element 1 is continuous, then at the end of the process is added the final operation, also performed using known devices, in which the body 2 is cut to obtain a building element of a given length.

For a person skilled in the art, the possibility of changes and variations of the invention satisfying specific requirements depending on the conditions of use is obvious, however, these changes and variations are not beyond the scope of legal protection defined in the claims.

Claims (34)

1. Composite building element (1) containing
a) a body (2) made of polystyrene foam and having opposite sides (8, 9);
b) at least one reinforcing profile (10, 11) extending in the body (2) in the transverse direction between the sides (8, 9) and included in the foam, said at least one reinforcing profile (10, 11 ) contains a central part (12) having at least one rib (13, 14) cantilever protruding from the central part (12) and forming together with the central part a longitudinal edge (15a, 15b), characterized in that at least one reinforcing profile (10, 11) is provided with a number of holes (16, 17), at least partially made in price tral portion (12) of the profile (10, 11) in the region of the longitudinal edges (15a, 15b). 2. Composite building element (1) containing
a) a body (2) made of polystyrene foam and having opposite sides (8, 9);
b) at least one reinforcing profile (10, 11) extending in the body (2) in the transverse direction between the sides (8, 9) and included in the foam, said at least one reinforcing profile (10, 11 ) contains a central part (12) having at least one rib (13, 14), cantilever protruding from the central part (12) and forming together with the central part a longitudinal edge (15a, 15b), characterized in that at least one reinforcing profile (10, 11) is provided with a number of holes (16, 17) made in the central part (12) of the profile ( 10, 11) at a predetermined distance from the longitudinal edge (15a, 15b), comprising from 1 to 4% of the width of the central part (12) of the profile (10, 11). 3. The building element according to claim 1, characterized in that the holes (16, 17) pass through the longitudinal edges (15a, 15b) and contain a first section (16a, 17a) located in the specified at least one rib (13 , 14), and a second section (16b, 17b) located in the central part (12) of the reinforcing profile (10, 11), and the area of the first section (16a, 17a) of the holes (16, 17) is less than the area of the second section (16b, 17b). 4. The building element according to claim 3, characterized in that the area of the first section (16a, 17a) of the holes (16, 17) passing through the longitudinal edge occupies from 10 to 40% of the total area of the holes (16, 17). 5. The building element according to claim 1, characterized in that the holes (16, 17) are formed in the central part (12) of the reinforcing profiles (10, 11) and essentially touch the longitudinal edges (15a, 15b). 6. The building element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the size of the holes (16, 17) across, measured in a direction essentially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (XX) of the central part (12) of the reinforcing profile (10, 11) is between 10 mm and 60 mm. 7. The building element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the holes (16, 17) are located in the longitudinal direction with a given step. 8. The building element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the reinforcing profile (10, 11) extends across the body (2) of the building element (1) over its entire thickness. 9. The building element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the reinforcing profile (10, 11) extends along the body (2), essentially along its entire length. 10. The building element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the reinforcing profile (10, 11) contains a pair of ribs (13, 14) extending from opposite sides of the central part (12) of the reinforcing profile (10, 11). 11. The building element of claim 10, wherein the reinforcing profile (10, 11) has a substantially C-shaped or Z-shaped. 12. A building element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said at least one rib (13, 14) of the reinforcing profile (10, 11) is flush and substantially parallel to at least one side (8, 9) made of foam body (2). 13. The building element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said at least one rib (13, 14) of the reinforcing profile (10, 11) is completely included in the foam of the body (2) of the building element (1). 14. The building element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the at least one rib (13, 14) contains at least one first straight section (13a, 14a), essentially perpendicular to the Central part (12) reinforcing profile (10, 11). 15. The building element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the thickness of the reinforcing profile (10, 11) is from 0.4 to 1.2 mm. 16. The building element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the reinforcing profile (10, 11) contains a second row of holes (18) made in the central part (12) of the profile (10, 11). 17. The building element according to clause 16, characterized in that the total area of all holes (16, 17, 18) made in the reinforcing profile (10, 11) is from 10 to 60% of the total area of the reinforcing profile (10, 11) . 18. The building element according to clause 16, characterized in that the size of the holes (18) of the second row in diameter, measured in a direction essentially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (XX) of the central part (12) of the profile (10, 11), ranges from 15 to 100 mm. 19. The building element according to clause 16, characterized in that the total area of the holes (16, 17) made in the central part (12) of the profile (10, 11) in the region of the longitudinal edge (15a, 15b) or at a predetermined distance from the longitudinal edge (15a, 15b), is from 15 to 40% of the total area of all holes (16, 17, 18) made in the reinforcing profile (10, 11). 20. The building element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it contains at least one rigid sheathing element (19) connected to the reinforcing profile (10, 11). 21. The building element according to claim 20, characterized in that the hard sheathing element (19) is a sheet of dry plaster, a panel of wood, hard plastic or other suitable material, preferably lined with ceramic tiles. 22. A method of manufacturing a building element described in claim 1, containing the following steps:
a) providing a strip (20) of hard material of a given thickness and width that has a central portion (21) and two opposite side portions (22, 23) extending from opposite sides of the central portion (21);
b) forming in the strip (20) a series of holes (16, 17) located at least partially in the central section (21) in the region of at least one opposite side section (22, 23);
c) bending the strip (20) along at least one longitudinal fold line (24, 25) intersecting a series of holes (16, 17) or essentially tangent to the specified row, with the formation of a reinforcing profile (10, 11) containing a central part (12) having at least one rib (13, 14), cantilever protruding from the central part (12) and forming, together with the central part, a longitudinal edge (15a, 15b); d) placing the obtained reinforcing profile (10, 11) in the mold of the corresponding device for molding plastic; e) loading the foam granules into said mold; f) foaming and subsequent fusion of the foam granules in a mold to form a body (2) of a foam having opposite sides (8, 9) and including a reinforcing profile (10, 11). 23. A method of manufacturing a building element described in claim 2, comprising the following steps: a) providing a strip (20) of hard material of a given thickness and width, which has a central section (21) and two opposite side sections (22, 23), departing from opposite sides of the central section (21);
b) the formation in the strip (20) of a series of holes (16, 17) located in the Central section (21) near at least one opposite side section (22,23); c) bending the strip (20) along at least one longitudinal fold line (24, 25) extending at a predetermined distance from the row of holes (16, 17), with the formation of a reinforcing profile (10, 11) containing the central part ( 12) having at least one rib (13, 14), cantilever protruding from the central part (12) and forming, together with the central part, a longitudinal edge (15 a, 15b), the distance between the fold line (24, 25) and the number of holes (16, 17) is from 1 to 4% of the width of the central part (12) of the profile (10, 11); d) placing the obtained reinforcing profile (10, 11) in the mold of the corresponding device for molding plastic; e) loading the foam granules into said mold; f) foaming and subsequent fusion of the foam granules in a mold to form a body (2) of a foam having opposite sides (8, 9) and including a reinforcing profile (10, 11). 24. The method according to p. 22 or 23, characterized in that the holes (16, 17) are formed with the formation of at least one row of holes extending in the longitudinal direction along the strip (20). 25. The method according to paragraph 24, wherein the fold line (24, 25) runs parallel to the row of holes (16, 17) at a distance from the longitudinal axis (ZZ) of the row, comprising from 15 to 50% of the maximum size of the holes (16, 17) across, measured in a direction substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (ZZ). 26. The method according to item 22 or 23, characterized in that in step c) the strip is bent to form at least one edge (13, 14) of the angle of about 90 ° with respect to the plane of the central portion (21) of the strip (20) . 27. The method according to item 22 or 23, characterized in that in step c) the strip (20) is bent along two longitudinal fold lines (24, 25), essentially parallel to each other, with the formation of two ribs (13, 14) cantilever protruding from the axially opposite sides of the central section (21) of the strip (20). 28. The method according to item 27, wherein both ribs (13, 14) cantilever protrude above the plane of the strip (20) or under the specified plane. 29. The method according to item 27, wherein the ribs (13, 14) cantilever protrude above the plane of the strip (20) and under the specified plane. 30. The method according to item 22 or 23, characterized in that it further form a second row of holes (18) in the Central section (21) of the strip (20). 31. The method according to item 22 or 23, characterized in that step f) is performed with the location of at least one rib (13, 14) of the reinforcing profile (10, 11) flush with at least one side (8 , 9) the body (2) of the foam and essentially parallel to the specified side. 32. The method according to p. 22 or 23, characterized in that step f) is performed with the complete inclusion of at least one rib (13, 14) of the reinforcing profile (10, 11) in the foam body (2). 33. A wall structure containing at least one building element (1), characterized in one of claims 1 to 21. 34. Facing structure for cladding buildings, containing a number of building elements (1), characterized in one of paragraphs.1-21, which are located next to each other on the supporting structure.

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