RU2343673C2 - Single-piece feeding device used for oblong- and round-shaped objects, an namely seeds of agricultural crops - wheat, soy, pea, etc - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural industry.

SUBSTANCE: device consists of cylindrical casing which has a plate with cells, object-feeding device, outlet window, and drive shaft. Plate with cells meant for objects is replaceable and is fixed on the rotating plate installed on the drive shaft. Plate cells are made in the form of cones. Casing is provided with a cover with an object-feeding device located thereon and a valve intended for feeding and measuring the objects. Valve is fixed on the cover under the object-feeding device. Casing also has an element which covers the cells of the replaceable plate meant for emptying the objects from cells to the outlet window, and is eccentrically located above the plate with cells.

EFFECT: simple design and reliable operation, increased productivity in the control area, and processing with guaranteed distance between objects.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention preferably relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to devices for the piecewise supply of objects of oblong and round shape, and can be used to control, process or count seeds of agricultural crops, in particular wheat, soybean, pea, and other items.

A device for the piecewise supply of seeds is known (copyright certificate SU No. 1799095, All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture, 01/23/93, А01С 1/00), which includes a hopper, a fixed disk, in which an arcuate groove is made for the passage of seeds to the exit window while a rotating disk with through holes is installed above the disk, the size of which corresponds to the average size of the seeds forming the bottom of the hopper.

The main disadvantages of the described device are inconvenient for the operation of control or seed processing devices, the seed feed path from the exit window, the low seed feed rate and, most importantly, the possibility of mechanical damage when moving along the arcuate groove between the rotating and stationary disk.

Closest to the claimed invention is a device for the piece delivery of objects, in particular seeds of agricultural crops, described in patent RU No. 2180475, publ. 03/20/2002, which includes a storage hopper for supplied items, an endless belt for directional throwing of items and a drive unit. The storage hopper is made to rotate around its vertical axis under the action of the aforementioned drive device. A slit is made along at least a part of the perimeter of the hopper, the width of which is sufficient for at least one object to pass through it, and an endless belt adjoins the bunker in the region of said slot on at least part of the perimeter of the hopper. In the lower part of the hopper, several through channels are made uniformly distributed along the perimeter of its inner side surface. The device is equipped with means for supplying compressed gas to the cavity of the hopper at the junction of the endless belt through at least one of these channels. The endless tape is provided with transverse protrusions on the surface adjacent to the slit of the storage hopper for uniform distribution of the objects fed to the tape along its length. The distance between the protrusions is equal to the length of the circular arc between the said channels in the bottom of the hopper. Using the invention allows to increase the efficiency of the device and to exclude mechanical damage to the seeds when they are fed into the control zone or account.

The main disadvantages of this prototype are the difficult access to the through channels evenly spaced along the perimeter of its inner side surface to remove stuck seeds during operation, as well as the use of compressed gas to blow dust off the seeds, which is carried by open rotating parts of the device. It is difficult to protect the optics of devices from this dust in the control, processing and seed counting zone.

The objective of the invention is to develop a device that provides piece-by-piece feeding of objects of various shapes, in particular seeds (wheat, peas, soybeans, etc.), into a control, processing or counting zone in a stream with a guaranteed distance between seeds while ensuring the industrial productivity of the device, its reliability and simplicity of design.

The problem is solved by the proposed device for piece delivery of items of oblong and round shape, containing a cylindrical body having a disk with cells, means for feeding items, an output window and a drive shaft, in which, unlike the known device, the disk with cells for items is made replaceable and mounted on a rotating disk mounted on the drive shaft, and its cells are made conical, while the housing is equipped with a cover with means for supplying objects located on it, a valve for powering and dispensing items mounted on the lid under the means for feeding items, and an element covering the cells of the removable disk for the collection of objects from the cells into the exit window, eccentrically located above the disk with cells.

In a preferred embodiment of the device, the housing further has a window for aspirating dusty air.

In the particular case of the invention, the means for supplying objects to the device is made in the form of a pipe.

A removable disk on a rotating disk has slots-cells, the size of which corresponds to the size of one object placed in them, in particular the seed. Each slot-cell on the removable disk conically expands outward for free, without jamming, seed exit from the cell and for the formation of a flow with a guaranteed (fixed) distance between the seeds. Seeds from the means for supplying objects (for example, a receiving branch pipe), falling on a rotating disk, accelerate and are centrifugally pressed against the wall of the body, forming a toroidal prism. The layer of seeds pressed against the wall of the casing is somewhat slowed down, and the layer above it overtakes it, and the layers are constantly mixed, which is comparable to the formation of a "pseudo-fluid" from the seeds. The action of centrifugal force creates internal pressure in the moving torus of seeds, which is enclosed between the cover of the cylindrical body, the wall of the body and the rotating disk. This internal pressure, as in a liquid, is distributed perpendicular to the walls. Greater pressure is formed in the area of the cells, which provides forced pushing of the grains into the cells. Adjusting the pressure force and optimizing the load of the cells is ensured by the width of the torus from the seeds in the plane of the disk, which depends on the location of the receiving pipe with a valve for feeding and dispensing items (metering valve) on the cover of the device.

The possibility of implementing the present invention, characterized by the above set of features, as well as the possibility of implementing the purpose of the invention is confirmed by the description of the design of the device for piece delivery of items of oblong and round shape, which is illustrated by the drawings, in which Fig. 1 shows a sectional view of the device (side view), in Fig. .2 - sectional view of the device (top view).

A device for piecewise supply of oblong and round-shaped objects to a device for monitoring and processing or counting objects includes a cylindrical body 1, in which a disk 3 rotating on a drive shaft 2 is placed, on which a removable disk 4 with conical slots 5 is fixedly mounted. An eccentric element 6 is fixed above the rotating removable disk 4 with cells 5 to the body 1, which closes the cells 5 with objects in them to ensure that these objects go into the exit window 7 in the housing 1. In the housing 1 ying second window 8 for sucking dust-laden air from the inner container device and from the control zone, where the optical elements are placed devices (not shown). The housing 1 is closed by a cover 9 with a means 10 for feeding items located on it, a valve 11 for feeding and dispensing items (metering valve), mounted on the cover 9 under the means 10 for feeding items. The drive shaft 2 of the disk 3 is mounted in the housing 1 by means of bearings 12.

The design of the device allows loading, unloading and the formation of a stream of seeds in a wide range of speeds, which makes the device applicable both in laboratory and in industrial plants.

The device operates as follows (for example, seeds).

Seeds through means 10 for supplying objects to the device, for example, through a receiving nozzle, fall onto a rotating disk 4 with cells 5, accelerate and are centrifugally pressed against the wall of the housing 1, forming a toroidal prism, which forms a valve 11 for feeding and dispensing objects. The metering valve 11 also automatically regulates the flow of seeds from the means 10 for supplying objects to the device, blocking the flow while the valve is supported from below by a rotating torus of seeds. With the consumption of seeds, the height of the torus decreases, and the metering valve 11 allows access to a new portion of seeds, acting as a feeder-metering device. The seed layer pressed against the wall of the housing 1 is slightly braked, and the layer above it overtakes it, and the layers are constantly mixed, which is comparable to the formation of a "pseudo-fluid" from the seeds. The action of centrifugal force creates internal pressure in the moving torus of seeds, which is enclosed between the upper cover 9, the wall of the housing 1 and the rotating removable disk 4. This internal pressure, like in a liquid, is distributed perpendicular to the walls. A greater pressure is generated in the area of cells 5, which provides forced pushing of the grains into cells 5. The eccentric element 6 isolates the cells 5 from the effects of a boiling torus from the seeds in the zone of their exit from the cells 5 into the window 7 in the housing 1. The seeds have an exit only from cells 5 and form a stream with a distance between flying grains equal to the step of the cells 5 on the removable disk 4.

The orientation conditions of objects, for example wheat grains, when loading them into cells 5 are the same as in the angular inclined trough, where the long axis of the grains in the corner of the trough are oriented along it. For normal operation of the device, preliminary separation of the seed material through 2 sieves into fractions is necessary: the amount of very large is 3-5%, very small (halves, garbage) - 2-4%. The rest, 91-95%, passes through the device normally. As a very large fraction of seeds is accumulated during sieving, they are also passed through the device by changing the removable disk 4 to a disk with the corresponding cell size 5.

As the results of practical work showed, when normal soybean seeds were skipped on a prototype sample, the destroyed and improperly flying seeds were 0.1-0.4%, or in absolute quantities per 1000 grains, 1-4 pieces were rejected.

The described example of a device for piece feeding seeds of agricultural crops, made according to the claimed invention, and the results obtained on a prototype, prove the possibility of realizing the purpose of the invention and achieving the above technical result, which consists in providing piece delivery of objects of various shapes to the control, processing or reference zone in a stream with a guaranteed distance between objects while ensuring the industrial productivity of the device, its reliability and simplicity of construction.

Claims (3)

1. Device for piecewise supply of items of oblong and round shape, containing a cylindrical body having a disk with cells, means for feeding objects, an output window and a drive shaft, characterized in that the disk with cells for objects is removable and mounted on a drive shaft a rotating disk, and its cells are made conical, while the body is equipped with a cover with means for feeding items located on it, a valve for feeding and dispensing items, mounted on the cover under the means for Achi items and an element enclosing the removable disk Cell for gathering items of the cells in the output window, eccentrically located on a disk with cells. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing further has a window for aspirating dusty air. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for feeding items is made in the form of a pipe.

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